Unit 11: Social Justice - Practice Quiz

DPOL101 60 Questions
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1 What does social justice primarily seek to promote?

Meaning and concept of social justice Easy
A. Growth of markets
B. Control by rulers
C. Fairness in society
D. Uniformity of opinions

2 Which value is most closely associated with social justice?

Meaning and concept of social justice Easy
A. Obedience
B. Competition
C. Privilege
D. Fairness

3 Social justice is mainly concerned with relations among whom?

Meaning and concept of social justice Easy
A. Trading companies
B. Members of society
C. Foreign governments
D. Military commanders

4 Which action best reflects social justice?

Meaning and concept of social justice Easy
A. Protecting basic rights
B. Favoring powerful groups
C. Preserving inherited privilege
D. Restricting public education

5 Which institution can promote social justice through public policies?

Meaning and concept of social justice Easy
A. A household
B. The state
C. A sports club
D. A private hobby group

6 What does social equality mean?

Social equality and non-discrimination Easy
A. Identical personal talents
B. Identical cultural choices
C. Equal physical strength
D. Equal social respect

7 Non-discrimination requires people to be treated without unfair bias based on what?

Social equality and non-discrimination Easy
A. Favorite subject
B. Personal hobby
C. Daily schedule
D. Social identity

8 Which practice violates social equality?

Social equality and non-discrimination Easy
A. Untouchability
B. Public education
C. Equal employment
D. Universal voting

9 Which measure most directly supports non-discrimination?

Social equality and non-discrimination Easy
A. Separate access by caste
B. Restricted access by gender
C. Preferential access by religion
D. Equal access to schools

10 Discrimination occurs when a person is treated unfairly because of what?

Social equality and non-discrimination Easy
A. Relevant qualifications
B. Work experience
C. Group membership
D. Academic effort

11 What does equality before law mean?

Equality before law Easy
A. Different laws apply to each class
B. The same law applies to all
C. Wealth determines legal treatment
D. Only officials receive legal protection

12 Who is above the law in a system based on legal equality?

Equality before law Easy
A. The president
B. The legislators
C. The judges
D. No one

13 Which principle is supported by equality before law?

Equality before law Easy
A. Rule by custom
B. Rule by birth
C. Rule by wealth
D. Rule of law

14 Which situation best demonstrates equality before law?

Equality before law Easy
A. Religious groups receive different legal rights
B. Officials are exempt from ordinary criminal laws
C. Rich and poor receive the same legal protection
D. Wealthy citizens use a separate court system

15 Equality before law mainly prevents which practice?

Equality before law Easy
A. Peaceful public debate
B. Independent legal advice
C. Arbitrary legal privilege
D. Regular judicial review

16 Which social system did B. R. Ambedkar strongly oppose?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Easy
A. The federal system
B. The caste system
C. The parliamentary system
D. The electoral system

17 Which three values were central to Ambedkar's idea of social democracy?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Easy
A. Liberty, equality, and fraternity
B. Tradition, hierarchy, and obedience
C. Wealth, power, and authority
D. Competition, profit, and expansion

18 According to Ambedkar, political democracy should be supported by what?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Easy
A. Military authority
B. Hereditary rule
C. Social democracy
D. Religious hierarchy

19 Which document was Ambedkar closely involved in drafting?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Easy
A. The Declaration of the Rights of Man
B. The Charter of the United Nations
C. The Constitution of the United States
D. The Constitution of India

20 What did Ambedkar regard as essential for oppressed communities?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Easy
A. Education and equal rights
B. Dependence on upper castes
C. Hereditary social occupations
D. Isolation and social separation

21 A government gives additional educational grants to communities that have faced generations of exclusion. Which conception of social justice best supports this policy?

Meaning and concept of social justice Medium
A. Substantive justice
B. Market neutrality
C. Identical treatment
D. Procedural uniformity

22 Two villages have equal populations, but one lacks safe drinking water. Distributing the same amount of funding to both villages would primarily emphasize:

Meaning and concept of social justice Medium
A. Formal equality
B. Corrective justice
C. Equality of outcome
D. Recognition of difference

23 Residents affected by a redevelopment project are allowed to review evidence and present objections before relocation. Which dimension of social justice is most directly promoted?

Meaning and concept of social justice Medium
A. A system that guarantees every resident an identical house regardless of family size, location, or prior disadvantage
B. Retributive justice
C. Economic efficiency
D. Procedural justice

24 A school revises its curriculum to include the histories and experiences of marginalized communities. This action most directly advances:

Meaning and concept of social justice Medium
A. Economic privatization
B. Justice as punishment
C. Justice as recognition
D. Numerical equality

25 Which policy best combines redistribution with recognition?

Meaning and concept of social justice Medium
A. Providing identical textbooks to every school
B. Replacing public welfare with voluntary donations
C. Funding tribal-language schools in underserved regions
D. Reducing taxes for all income groups equally

26 A company requires every applicant for an office job to meet a height standard unrelated to job performance. The standard disproportionately excludes members of certain communities. This is best described as:

Social equality and non-discrimination Medium
A. Positive discrimination
B. Reasonable classification
C. Indirect discrimination
D. Direct discrimination

27 A university provides examination materials in an accessible format to a student with visual impairment. This measure is best understood as:

Social equality and non-discrimination Medium
A. Reverse discrimination
B. Reasonable accommodation
C. Unfair academic preference
D. A permanent exemption from all academic requirements and standards applied throughout the degree programme

28 Which situation is the clearest example of direct discrimination?

Social equality and non-discrimination Medium
A. Using a written test for clerical work
B. Charging fees based on household income
C. Rejecting an applicant because of caste
D. Requiring helmets at a construction site

29 A poor woman from a marginalized caste experiences disadvantages linked simultaneously to gender, caste, and class. Which concept best explains her situation?

Social equality and non-discrimination Medium
A. Cultural uniformity
B. Political neutrality
C. Legal formalism
D. Intersectionality

30 A housing association refuses to rent homes to families from one religious community. Which response most directly advances social equality?

Social equality and non-discrimination Medium
A. Leaving selection entirely to landlords
B. Prohibiting religion-based housing exclusion
C. Creating separate colonies for each religion
D. Allowing exclusion when most residents approve

31 A law classifies businesses by annual turnover and applies stricter auditing rules to larger businesses to prevent major tax evasion. When is this classification compatible with equality before law?

Equality before law Medium
A. When it has intelligible differentia and a rational nexus
B. When every business owner personally accepts the rule
C. When the classification remains unchanged indefinitely
D. When it benefits the largest number of officials

32 A minister accused of an ordinary criminal offence claims that public office places the minister above the criminal law. Which principle most directly rejects this claim?

Equality before law Medium
A. The principle that public officials may receive permanent immunity whenever prosecution could create political inconvenience
B. Collective responsibility
C. Equality before law
D. Separation of powers

33 A disaster-relief law gives greater assistance to districts suffering greater destruction. Why does this not necessarily violate equal protection of laws?

Equality before law Medium
A. Equal protection forbids all classifications
B. Different situations may justify different treatment
C. Disaster policy is entirely beyond judicial review
D. Equality applies only to criminal proceedings

34 A licensing authority approves applications from political supporters but rejects identical applications from critics without giving reasons. The strongest equality-based objection is that the authority acted:

Equality before law Medium
A. Collectively
B. Retrospectively
C. Arbitrarily
D. Federally

35 Which legal rule is most consistent with equality before law?

Equality before law Medium
A. Automatic acquittal of officials accused while in office
B. Separate criminal courts for wealthy and poor citizens
C. Different penalties for the same offence based on social status
D. The same legal process for similarly placed accused persons

36 A country grants universal adult franchise but preserves rigid caste hierarchies in everyday life. According to Ambedkar, what problem does this reveal?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Medium
A. Political equality exists alongside social inequality
B. Universal franchise has abolished caste hierarchy
C. Economic equality has eliminated political liberty
D. Fraternity has made constitutional law unnecessary

37 Which justification for reservations is most consistent with Ambedkar's approach?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Medium
A. They reward individuals solely for personal achievement
B. They secure representation for historically excluded groups
C. They eliminate the need for wider social reform
D. They permanently replace the principle of democratic citizenship with inherited privileges for every social community

38 A legislative majority uses constitutional procedures to suppress a vulnerable minority. Which Ambedkarite idea is most relevant in criticizing this conduct?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Medium
A. Constitutional morality
B. Economic laissez-faire
C. Religious majoritarianism
D. Administrative secrecy

39 Why did Ambedkar treat liberty, equality, and fraternity as interconnected?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Medium
A. Liberty alone automatically removes social hierarchy
B. Equality requires abandoning all individual freedom
C. Each value supports and limits the others
D. Fraternity matters only within religious communities

40 A reform permits members of oppressed castes to enter public buildings but leaves caste-based exclusion in education, employment, and marriage untouched. From Ambedkar's perspective, the reform is inadequate because it:

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Medium
A. Addresses access without dismantling caste structure
B. Makes political representation entirely unnecessary
C. Replaces constitutional reform with universal public ownership of all social and economic institutions
D. Gives excessive importance to economic competition

41 A government distributes an essential medicine by lottery because every eligible citizen has an equal chance. However, patients with severe conditions receive no priority. Which criticism most precisely identifies the social-justice problem?

Meaning and concept of social justice Hard
A. The procedure is unequal because lotteries necessarily discriminate among citizens.
B. The procedure is impartial but ignores morally relevant differences in need.
C. The outcome is unjust only if some applicants entered more than once.
D. The outcome is fair because procedural equality exhausts social justice.

42 Two groups currently possess equal average wealth, but one group's wealth originated partly through uncompensated historical dispossession of the other. Which conclusion best reflects a historical conception of social justice?

Meaning and concept of social justice Hard
A. Justice concerns only whether current holdings maximize welfare.
B. Historical injustice matters only when present wealth is also unequal.
C. Equal holdings may remain unjust if produced by unrectified wrongdoing.
D. Present equality automatically cancels every earlier injustice.

43 Under Rawls's difference principle, which policy is most clearly permissible, assuming basic liberties and fair equality of opportunity are secured?

Meaning and concept of social justice Hard
A. An equal scheme that leaves the least advantaged worse off than a feasible unequal scheme.
B. An unequal scheme that gives the least advantaged their best feasible expectations.
C. An unequal scheme that maximizes total income while lowering the poorest group's prospects.
D. An unequal scheme that benefits elites without changing the poorest group's expectations.

44 A state gives every student the same digital device, but students with visual impairments cannot use it without adaptive software. How would the capabilities approach most likely assess the policy?

Meaning and concept of social justice Hard
A. It is unjust only if adaptive software costs less than the original device.
B. It is deficient because equal resources may produce unequal real capabilities.
C. It is sufficient because personal conversion factors lie outside justice.
D. It is just because identical resources necessarily create identical freedom.

45 Members of a marginalized community obtain equal incomes but remain routinely depicted as socially inferior and excluded from public decision-making. Which account best diagnoses the remaining injustice?

Meaning and concept of social justice Hard
A. Only procedural unfairness persists because income equality is irrelevant.
B. No social injustice persists once average incomes become identical.
C. Misrecognition and political exclusion persist despite distributive equality.
D. Only maldistribution persists because status never affects justice.

46 A fire department requires all applicants to pass a height threshold unrelated to essential job functions. The rule excludes far more women than men. What is the strongest equality-based objection?

Social equality and non-discrimination Hard
A. It is nondiscriminatory because identical standards always establish equal treatment.
B. It constitutes direct discrimination because the rule expressly names women.
C. It constitutes indirect discrimination because a neutral rule causes unjustified disparity.
D. It violates equality only if every woman fails to satisfy the threshold.

47 An examination authority refuses extra writing time to a candidate with a documented motor disability, arguing that every candidate receives exactly three hours. Which principle most directly challenges its reasoning?

Social equality and non-discrimination Hard
A. Reasonable accommodation may require differential treatment to secure effective equality.
B. Formal neutrality prohibits modifying a common rule for any individual.
C. Merit requires evaluating disability rather than examination performance.
D. Non-discrimination applies only to admission, not assessment procedures.

48 Which policy rationale is most consistent with an anti-subordination conception of equality?

Social equality and non-discrimination Hard
A. Preventing classifications only when legislators express personal hostility.
B. Requiring identical treatment regardless of entrenched social hierarchies.
C. Dismantling practices that perpetuate a group's structural social inferiority.
D. Limiting equality review to intentional economic redistribution.

49 A workplace promotes men and women at similar overall rates and members of two ethnic groups at similar overall rates, yet women belonging to one ethnic group are rarely promoted. Which framework best exposes the problem hidden by the aggregate data?

Social equality and non-discrimination Hard
A. Intersectionality, because combined identities can generate distinctive disadvantage.
B. Strict formalism, because each characteristic must be assessed entirely alone.
C. Utilitarian aggregation, because total promotions determine equal social status.
D. Color-blind neutrality, because subgroup outcomes cannot establish discrimination.

50 A city formally opens every public facility to all castes, but officials continue seating members of one caste separately at civic events. Why does social inequality persist?

Social equality and non-discrimination Hard
A. Social equality concerns income distribution rather than public recognition.
B. Voluntary attendance converts official separation into private preference.
C. Segregated treatment reproduces status hierarchy despite formal inclusion.
D. Equal access is irrelevant unless every citizen uses each facility equally.

51 A statute regulates chemical factories more strictly than bookstores because chemical production creates distinctive environmental risks. Which analysis best fits equality before law?

Equality before law Hard
A. The distinction is valid if risk creates an intelligible, relevant classification.
B. The distinction is invalid unless bookstores also generate some environmental harm.
C. The distinction is invalid because every business must face identical regulation.
D. The distinction is valid only if chemical factories voluntarily accept regulation.

52 A constitution grants the head of government permanent immunity from prosecution for private crimes committed before taking office. Which ideal underlying equality before law is most directly threatened?

Equality before law Hard
A. Judicial independence, because every immunity necessarily removes all jurisdiction.
B. Popular sovereignty, because elections erase earlier private liability.
C. Legislative supremacy, because courts should never examine executive conduct.
D. The rule of law, because official status places a person above ordinary law.

53 A criminal prohibition is valid on its face, but prosecutors enforce it only against government critics while knowingly ignoring identical conduct by supporters. What is the clearest equality concern?

Equality before law Hard
A. The offense is unequal because criminal laws may never apply to political speakers.
B. The penalty is unequal only when critics receive longer statutory sentences.
C. Selective enforcement uses an ostensibly general law in an arbitrary discriminatory manner.
D. The statute becomes invalid merely because enforcement resources are finite.

54 A benefits law gives officials unlimited discretion to select recipients without criteria, and evidence shows no protected-group bias. Why may it still violate equality before law?

Equality before law Hard
A. Unguided discretion permits arbitrary distinctions even without group-based animus.
B. Benefit programs fall outside equality because they confer privileges rather than rights.
C. Equality applies only after discriminatory intent against a protected group is proven.
D. Administrative discretion is incompatible with every form of lawful classification.

55 A temporary scholarship is restricted to a historically excluded community and is designed to remedy documented educational barriers. Which statement best reconciles it with equality before law?

Equality before law Hard
A. Equality before law is suspended whenever a policy pursues social welfare.
B. Substantive equality can justify proportionate measures addressing demonstrated disadvantage.
C. Remedial classifications are valid whenever a majority approves them.
D. Any use of group identity necessarily violates legal equality.

56 A constitution establishes universal adult franchise, but caste hierarchy continues to determine access to education, occupations, and public spaces. Which Ambedkarite assessment is most accurate?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Hard
A. Political democracy remains unstable without corresponding social and economic democracy.
B. Caste inequality matters only when electoral constituencies are formally segregated.
C. Universal suffrage automatically transforms unequal social relations into democratic ones.
D. Political equality is secure, so social hierarchy becomes constitutionally irrelevant.

57 Why did Ambedkar's description of caste as a system of graded inequality present a distinctive obstacle to collective emancipation?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Hard
A. Only the highest and lowest castes received any status from the system.
B. Each rank could dominate those below it while aspiring to the status above.
C. Caste operated solely through wealth and disappeared when incomes became equal.
D. Every caste occupied an identical position and therefore lacked separate interests.

58 In Ambedkar's democratic thought, why is fraternity indispensable alongside liberty and equality?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Hard
A. It permits social hierarchy whenever affection exists between unequal groups.
B. It removes the need for institutions that protect liberty and equality.
C. It replaces legal rights with moral duties imposed by religious authorities.
D. It sustains common belonging without which liberty and equality remain fragile.

59 A parliamentary majority follows formally valid procedures to enact measures systematically degrading a minority. Which Ambedkarite idea most strongly explains why procedure alone is insufficient?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Hard
A. Parliamentary sovereignty makes every procedurally valid enactment socially just.
B. Political morality requires courts to implement the majority's preferences without review.
C. Constitutional government concerns institutional design rather than public conduct.
D. Constitutional morality requires respect for democratic restraints and equal citizenship.

60 Which justification for reserved political representation most closely accords with Ambedkar's approach to socially excluded communities?

Ambedkar’s view on social justice Hard
A. It secures an effective voice against exclusion within majority-dominated institutions.
B. It assumes representatives may legitimately serve only their own caste.
C. It permanently substitutes communal identity for equal democratic citizenship.
D. It rewards communities for preserving inherited social separation.