Unit 6: Types of Crime and Criminology - Practice Quiz

1 What is criminology primarily concerned with?

2 The term 'criminology' was coined by which scholar?

3 Which discipline does criminology mainly fall under?

4 Which of the following is commonly regarded as a social cause of crime?

5 Which of these is considered a psychological cause of crime?

6 Cesare Lombroso is best known for which theory of crime?

7 Which theory states that criminal behaviour is learned through interaction with others?

8 The Classical School of criminology emphasized that crime results from:

9 Which of the following is an example of a public order crime?

10 Public order crimes are often described as:

11 Juvenile delinquency refers to criminal behaviour committed by:

12 Which of the following is often a contributing factor to juvenile delinquency?

13 The term 'white collar crime' was introduced by which criminologist?

14 Which of the following is an example of a white collar crime?

15 White collar crimes are typically committed by individuals of which status?

16 Organised crime is best characterized by:

17 Which of the following is a common activity of organised crime groups?

18 A serial killer is typically defined as someone who:

19 What distinguishes serial crimes from mass crimes?

20 The main goal of rehabilitation in the criminal justice system is to:

21 A researcher studies how crime rates change across different neighborhoods based on poverty, unemployment, and social disorganization. Which branch of criminology best describes this focus?

22 Criminology is best described as which type of discipline?

23 A teenager begins committing thefts after joining a peer group that regularly shoplifts and praises such acts. This best illustrates crime caused by which factor?

24 Which of the following is considered an economic cause of crime rather than a psychological one?

25 Cesare Lombroso is most associated with which theory of crime causation?

26 According to Robert Merton's Strain Theory, crime arises primarily when individuals experience which situation?

27 A person is arrested once for a minor offense and, after being publicly labeled a 'criminal,' begins committing more crimes because society treats him as one. Which theory best explains this?

28 The Classical School of criminology, associated with Beccaria, assumes that criminal behavior is primarily the result of what?

29 Which of the following is the best example of a public order crime?

30 Public order crimes are frequently described as "victimless" because they primarily do what?

31 A 15-year-old repeatedly skips school and violates curfew. These acts are illegal only because of his age. Such offenses are called:

32 Which approach is emphasized in juvenile justice systems more than in adult systems?

33 A social worker attributes a child's delinquent behavior to a broken home, lack of parental supervision, and poor schooling. These are best classified as which type of factors?

34 The term "white collar crime" was first introduced by which criminologist?

35 Which of the following is the clearest example of a white collar crime?

36 Compared to conventional street crimes, white collar crimes are generally characterized by what?

37 Which feature most clearly distinguishes organised crime from ordinary individual crime?

38 Which of the following activities is most typically associated with organised crime syndicates?

39 A serial killer is generally distinguished from a mass murderer by which feature?

40 In serial crime investigations, the repeated pattern of behavior an offender uses to commit crimes is known as the:

41 A researcher argues that criminology should confine itself strictly to studying the etiology of criminal behaviour and exclude the study of societal reactions and penal policy. Which sub-division of criminology is this researcher effectively marginalizing, and why is this problematic for the discipline's scope?

42 Cesare Lombroso's concept of the atavistic criminal was later heavily criticized by Charles Goring. What was the core methodological flaw that Goring's statistical study exposed?

43 According to Robert Merton's Strain Theory, an individual who rejects both the culturally approved goals (e.g., wealth) AND the institutionalized means, replacing them with new goals and means, is exhibiting which mode of adaptation?

44 Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association Theory is often contrasted with control theories. Which statement best captures the fundamental assumption that distinguishes Differential Association from Hirschi's Social Control Theory?

45 A criminologist analyzes a neighbourhood with high crime despite population turnover across decades, noting crime rates remain elevated regardless of which ethnic group resides there. Which theoretical explanation is most consistent with this observation?

46 Sutherland's original definition of white collar crime emphasized crime "committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation." Which subsequent conceptual challenge most directly undermined the legal precision of this definition?

47 In distinguishing organised crime from ordinary group crime, which combination of features is considered essential and defining rather than merely incidental?

48 In classifying serial murder, the FBI distinguishes it from mass murder and spree murder primarily on the basis of which temporal criterion?

49 Holmes and Holmes proposed a typology of serial killers. A killer who believes he has received a mandate to kill certain groups from an external voice or entity would be classified as which type?

50 Albert Cohen's theory of delinquent subcultures explains gang delinquency among lower-class boys largely as a reaction to which phenomenon?

51 Cloward and Ohlin's Differential Opportunity Theory refined strain theory by adding which key insight about access to illegitimate means?

52 Public order crimes are frequently labelled "victimless crimes." Which critique most effectively challenges the analytical usefulness of the 'victimless' label?

53 The Labelling Theory introduces the distinction between primary and secondary deviance. Which scenario best illustrates secondary deviance?

54 The philosophical shift from retributive to restorative justice fundamentally changes the primary question asked in the aftermath of a crime. What is the central question under restorative justice?

55 The 'Nothing Works' doctrine associated with Robert Martinson's 1974 review had a major impact on correctional policy. Which nuanced conclusion is most accurate regarding this doctrine's later reassessment?

56 Classical criminology (Beccaria, Bentham) and Positivist criminology differ fundamentally in their view of human agency. Which contrast is correct?

57 Distinguishing occupational crime from corporate crime within white collar offending rests on which analytical criterion?

58 Money laundering is essential to organised crime. The three-stage model of laundering consists of placement, layering, and integration. What is the specific function of the layering stage?

59 A policy analyst claims that rising unemployment directly and universally causes rising crime rates. Which criminological caution best critiques this deterministic claim?

60 The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model guides effective rehabilitation. According to the need principle, intervention should target which factors?