Unit 7: Mitochondria - Practice Quiz

BTY114 — Cell Biology Laboratory 60 Questions
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1 What cell organelle is detected using Janus green staining in cheek epithelial cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell wall
D. Ribosomes

2 Janus green B is mainly used as a:

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Vital stain
B. Mounting medium
C. Fixing agent
D. Decolorizing agent

3 Which cells are examined in this experiment?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Bacterial cells
B. Onion root cells
C. Human cheek epithelial cells
D. Human red blood cells

4 What is the main function of mitochondria?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Make the cell wall
B. Store genetic information
C. Digest food outside the cell
D. Produce cellular energy

5 What color are mitochondria commonly observed after Janus green staining?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Bright yellow
B. Deep red
C. Opaque black
D. Blue-green

6 Which instrument is used to observe stained cheek cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Incubator
B. Spectrophotometer
C. Light microscope
D. Centrifuge

7 A cheek-cell sample is usually collected by gently scraping the:

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Inner cheek
B. Nail surface
C. Outer cheek
D. Tongue surface

8 Why is a clean glass slide used for preparing the specimen?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. To replace the microscope
B. To increase cell size
C. To produce more mitochondria
D. To reduce contamination

9 What is placed over the specimen before microscopic observation?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. A rubber stopper
B. A coverslip
C. A filter paper
D. A metal plate

10 Which cheek-cell structure is usually easiest to identify besides mitochondria?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Nucleus
B. Cell wall
C. Chloroplast
D. Large central vacuole

11 Human cheek epithelial cells are classified as:

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Plant cells
B. Prokaryotic cells
C. Fungal cells
D. Animal cells

12 Which feature supports the presence of mitochondria after staining?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. A large empty vacuole
B. A thick cell wall
C. Colored granules in the cytoplasm
D. Green chloroplasts around the nucleus

13 Where are mitochondria located in a cheek epithelial cell?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Only on the cell membrane
B. In the cytoplasm
C. Outside the cell
D. Inside the cell wall

14 Janus green B helps identify mitochondria because it undergoes a:

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Process producing chromosomes
B. Color change linked to oxidation
C. Change into a cell wall
D. Reaction forming starch

15 What is the purpose of using a microscope objective with higher magnification?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. To remove the stain
B. To see smaller structures
C. To make cells reproduce
D. To increase the sample volume

16 Which microscope part is used to adjust the sharpness of the image?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Light switch
B. Eyepiece tube
C. Stage clip
D. Focus knob

17 Why should the cheek sample be observed soon after staining?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. To produce additional cells
B. To examine living cell activity
C. To make the nucleus disappear
D. To allow the cells to form walls

18 Which structure is absent from human cheek epithelial cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Chloroplast
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Cell membrane

19 What does a negative result most directly suggest in this experiment?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. The microscope created new cells
B. The sample was a plant tissue
C. The cell definitely lacks DNA
D. Mitochondria were not observed

20 Which safety practice is appropriate when collecting cheek cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Easy
A. Share one swab between students
B. Touch the swab to the floor
C. Reuse an unwashed swab
D. Use a clean sterile swab

21 What observation most strongly supports the presence of mitochondria in a Janus green-stained cheek epithelial cell?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. A dark blue outline surrounding the nucleus
B. Blue-green granules distributed in the cytoplasm
C. Uniform green staining across the entire slide
D. A clear, unstained region inside the nucleus

22 Why is Janus green useful for demonstrating mitochondria in living cheek epithelial cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. It increases the size of mitochondrial structures
B. It reacts with respiratory activity in mitochondria
C. It permanently dissolves the cell membrane
D. It stains only the DNA inside the nucleus

23 A student observes blue-green granules in the cytoplasm after applying Janus green. What is the best interpretation?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. The granules are detached pieces of the nucleus
B. The granules are deposits formed only by the glass slide
C. The granules are evidence of mitochondria
D. The granules are bubbles trapped under the coverslip

24 Which control would best help determine whether blue-green staining is caused by the cheek cells rather than the stain or slide?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. A slide containing stain without cheek cells
B. A slide containing only the coverslip
C. A slide containing extra stain and additional cells
D. A slide containing cheek cells without any light

25 Why should cheek cells be examined soon after collection and staining?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. The cell wall forms only during the first few minutes
B. The nucleus becomes larger during immediate observation
C. The stain becomes radioactive when cells are stored
D. Mitochondrial activity may decline after cell death

26 If the entire field appears intensely blue-green, which procedural problem is most likely?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. The microscope objective was too short
B. The cells contained no mitochondria
C. The stain was too concentrated or excessive
D. The cheek cells were collected too gently

27 A cheek-cell preparation shows no blue-green granules, but the cells appear damaged and colorless. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Janus green always stains damaged cells more strongly
B. The absence of granules proves the microscope is calibrated
C. The cells definitely lacked mitochondria before staining
D. The result may be a false negative caused by cell damage

28 Which microscope setting is most appropriate for initially locating stained cheek epithelial cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Begin with the highest power before locating cells
B. Observe only the edge of the coverslip without focusing
C. Use the condenser fully closed for every observation
D. Begin with low power, then increase magnification

29 Why are mitochondria usually observed in the cytoplasm rather than inside the nucleus in this experiment?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Janus green can enter only the coverslip
B. The cytoplasm is produced from the microscope light
C. The nucleus contains no water for staining
D. Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles

30 What is the main purpose of gently scraping the inside of the cheek before preparing the slide?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. To collect epithelial cells from the mouth lining
B. To remove all cytoplasm from the epithelial cells
C. To convert the stain into its oxidized form
D. To produce mitochondria inside the mouth

31 A student sees several stained particles outside the cells as well as granules inside them. What should the student do before identifying the particles as mitochondria?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Increase the stain concentration until all particles merge
B. Assume every colored particle is a mitochondrion
C. Compare their location with the cell boundaries
D. Ignore the cell membrane and record the entire field

32 If the coverslip is pressed too firmly during slide preparation, what observation may result?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Mitochondria may develop cell walls
B. Cells may rupture and release their contents
C. The nucleus may become a separate organism
D. Janus green may lose its ability to absorb light

33 Why should the Janus green solution be applied evenly across the specimen?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. To allow comparable staining throughout the cell sample
B. To ensure that only the nucleus receives the stain
C. To make the coverslip function as a control group
D. To prevent the cells from producing cytoplasm

34 Which finding would most strongly suggest that the stain was not functioning properly?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. The cytoplasm contains several blue-green granules
B. Known living cells show no localized color change
C. The nucleus remains distinguishable from the cytoplasm
D. A few cells have different numbers of granules

35 Why is a cheek epithelial cell suitable for this demonstration even though it is not highly specialized for energy production?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. It is a bacterial cell with a simple respiratory surface
B. It is accessible and contains mitochondria for cellular respiration
C. It contains chloroplasts that replace all mitochondria
D. It lacks a plasma membrane and is easy to dissolve

36 A student concludes that cells with more visible granules must always have more mitochondria. What is the best correction?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Granules are unrelated to mitochondria in every preparation
B. The number of granules can be determined without using a microscope
C. Granule visibility also depends on staining and cell condition
D. All cheek cells must contain exactly the same granule number

37 Which change would most likely improve a preparation with a very high background and poorly defined cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Add more stain and increase exposure time
B. Use less stain and remove excess solution
C. Use a thicker smear with overlapping cell layers
D. Press the coverslip harder against the cells

38 What does the blue-green color of Janus green primarily indicate in this procedure?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. The complete breakdown of the plasma membrane
B. The presence of cellulose in the cheek cell wall
C. The conversion of nuclear DNA into protein
D. The oxidized state of the indicator near active mitochondria

39 A student observes a blue-green region only near the edge of a cell. Which explanation is most reasonable before repeating the experiment?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. Janus green stains only structures exposed to air
B. The cell may be folded or unevenly covered by stain
C. Mitochondria occur only at the cell membrane
D. The nucleus must have moved outside the cell

40 Which result would provide the strongest evidence that the observation is reproducible?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Medium
A. One unusually dark particle appears in a single field
B. The coverslip reflects green light under the lamp
C. The stain looks blue-green in the reagent bottle
D. Similar blue-green granules appear in several separate cells

41 A cheek-cell preparation shows discrete blue-green granules after Janus green staining, while an unstained preparation shows no granules. Which conclusion is most justified?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The granules are nuclei because nuclei contain the cell's genetic material.
B. The granules are mitochondria because their staining is consistent with Janus green behavior.
C. The granules are ribosomes because ribosomes are abundant in cytoplasm.
D. The granules are artifacts because cheek cells cannot contain mitochondria.

42 A student observes that freshly prepared cheek cells stain blue-green, but cells left covered on the slide for 20 minutes become nearly colorless. What is the best interpretation?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The nuclei may have dissolved because Janus green destroys DNA.
B. The cells must have gained chloroplasts because oxygen was depleted.
C. The mitochondria must have multiplied because the color disappeared.
D. The mitochondria may have become reduced because oxygen became limited.

43 Which control would most directly test whether blue-green staining depends on metabolically active mitochondria rather than nonspecific dye deposition?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Compare cheek cells with a slide containing only distilled water.
B. Compare cells collected from the left and right sides of the mouth.
C. Compare cells viewed with the low-power and high-power objectives.
D. Compare viable cells with cells treated to inhibit mitochondrial respiration.

44 A slide contains intensely blue-green material in the extracellular region but weak staining inside intact cheek cells. Which procedural error most likely explains the result?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The sample contained fewer mitochondria than expected.
B. Excess stain was left on the slide without adequate rinsing.
C. The microscope condenser was correctly adjusted.
D. The cells were viewed with too much magnification.

45 Why is an unstained cheek-cell preparation important when interpreting Janus green results?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. It increases mitochondrial respiration before staining begins.
B. It confirms that every visible granule is a mitochondrion.
C. It reveals natural cell structures and background colors for comparison.
D. It converts reduced Janus green into its oxidized form.

46 A student reports that no mitochondria are present because no blue-green color is visible after staining. Which additional observation would most weaken that conclusion?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The cells were flat and transparent under bright-field illumination.
B. The microscope stage was positioned near the edge of the bench.
C. The cells were old, damaged, and kept without oxygen before observation.
D. The slide was labeled with the student's initials.

47 Which observation provides the strongest evidence that the staining pattern is intracellular rather than deposited on the coverslip?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The color is evenly distributed across the entire coverslip.
B. The color is strongest in regions where no cells are visible.
C. The color appears only along the outside edge of the slide.
D. The color forms discrete granules within the cytoplasm of several intact cells.

48 Why should a cheek-cell smear be thin rather than densely layered for Janus green observation?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Thin layers guarantee that every mitochondrion will stain identically.
B. Thin layers prevent Janus green from undergoing any redox reaction.
C. Thin layers reduce overlap and improve localization of stained organelles.
D. Thin layers eliminate the need for a control preparation.

49 If the same cheek-cell field is examined before and after adding Janus green, which change most strongly supports a specific staining response?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The entire field becomes uniformly darker, including cell-free regions.
B. The cells become invisible while the surrounding medium remains clear.
C. Only the coverslip edge becomes blue-green after staining.
D. New blue-green granules appear within the cytoplasm of intact cells.

50 A preparation has intense blue-green staining in one cell and almost no staining in neighboring cells. Which explanation is most plausible before concluding that mitochondria are absent from the unstained cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Human cheek cells normally alternate between having and lacking mitochondria.
B. The neighboring cells may differ in viability, permeability, or redox state.
C. The stained cell must be a plant cell accidentally added to the sample.
D. Janus green stains only the largest cell in every microscopic field.

51 Which change would most directly test whether the observed color depends on oxidation of Janus green rather than on a permanent pigment in cheek cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Use a thicker coverslip while keeping oxygen availability unchanged.
B. Move the slide to a different location without changing the preparation.
C. Change the microscope eyepiece while keeping the cells chemically untreated.
D. Alter oxygen availability while keeping staining and imaging conditions constant.

52 A student uses a very concentrated Janus green solution and observes a uniformly dark cytoplasm. What is the principal interpretive problem?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. A concentrated dye necessarily removes all mitochondria from cells.
B. Uniform cytoplasmic color proves that mitochondria are absent.
C. High concentration converts cheek cells into prokaryotic cells.
D. High background can mask discrete mitochondrial localization.

53 Why should the observer record the time between applying Janus green and examining the cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Staining intensity may change as cellular redox conditions and dye reactions change.
B. Janus green permanently increases mitochondrial number during observation.
C. The coverslip automatically changes magnification over time.
D. The nuclei divide at a fixed rate after every stain application.

54 A student identifies the dark central region of a cheek cell as a mitochondrion solely because it is prominent. What correction is most appropriate?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Reject the central region because mitochondria occur only outside cells.
B. Conclude that the structure is a chloroplast because it absorbs dye.
C. Identify every dark structure as a mitochondrion without further testing.
D. Use location, granular morphology, staining behavior, and controls together.

55 Which result would most strongly indicate that a negative Janus green result is technically inconclusive rather than biologically meaningful?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Several intact cells show consistent blue-green cytoplasmic granules.
B. The unstained control shows clear, intact cheek cells.
C. The positive control also fails to show the expected staining pattern.
D. The stain was prepared correctly and examined promptly.

56 Why is it inappropriate to infer that cheek cells have no mitochondria merely because they are human epithelial cells rather than muscle cells?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Most nucleated human cells require mitochondria for energy metabolism.
B. Epithelial cells obtain all ATP directly from the microscope light source.
C. Mitochondria occur only in cells that contain visible contractile fibers.
D. Only muscle cells can perform aerobic respiration in the human body.

57 A student compares two samples but changes stain concentration, exposure time, and cell density simultaneously. What is the main limitation of the comparison?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The comparison becomes more valid because several variables were changed.
B. The mitochondria in both samples must have identical redox states.
C. The independent cause of any staining difference cannot be identified.
D. The results become quantitative automatically because more variables were measured.

58 Which microscopy practice would best distinguish small stained mitochondria from uneven illumination or dust on the optical path?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. Use only one field because repeated fields introduce sampling error.
B. Identify any fixed bright spot as a mitochondrion without refocusing.
C. Increase illumination until every region appears equally bright.
D. Refocus through the specimen and compare patterns across multiple intact cells.

59 If a mitochondrial inhibitor causes loss of blue-green staining but the cells remain structurally intact, what does this result support most directly?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The inhibitor proves that mitochondria were physically removed from cells.
B. The staining depends partly on mitochondrial respiration or redox activity.
C. The cells had never contained mitochondria before inhibitor treatment.
D. The stain identifies DNA directly rather than mitochondrial activity.

60 A cheek-cell sample contains many lysed cells and abundant debris. Which conclusion is most defensible if scattered blue-green particles are observed?

Determine the presence of mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells by Janus green staining. Hard
A. The particles prove that cheek cells lack nuclei after lysis.
B. Every particle is a mitochondrion because Janus green is completely specific.
C. The particles cannot be assigned confidently to mitochondria without intact-cell localization.
D. The debris must be extracellular mitochondria released from all cells.