Unit 1: Acid-Base Chemistry and Carbohydrates - Practice Quiz

1 Which substance donates a proton () in an acid-base reaction?

2 Which substance accepts a proton ()?

3 Which property of water helps it dissolve many ionic and polar substances?

4 What type of bond forms between neighboring water molecules?

5 A solution with a pH of 7 at room temperature is considered:

6 Which solution is more acidic?

7 What is the main function of a buffer?

8 A buffer commonly contains:

9 Which equation is the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation for an acidic buffer?

10 When the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal, the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation gives:

11 Carbohydrates are primarily composed of:

12 Which class of carbohydrate contains a single sugar unit?

13 Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

14 A monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group is called a:

15 What are stereoisomers?

16 D-glucose and L-glucose are examples of:

17 What is formed when the hydroxyl group of a sugar is replaced by a hydrogen atom?

18 An oligosaccharide usually contains:

19 Which polysaccharide is the main storage carbohydrate in plants?

20 Mucopolysaccharides are also commonly called:

21 A weak acid, , is mixed with its conjugate base, . Which change would most likely increase the buffer capacity of this solution?

22 Water has a relatively high boiling point compared with molecules of similar molecular mass primarily because of its:

23 Why does ice float on liquid water?

24 A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of . What is its approximate pH?

25 Compared with a solution at pH 6, a solution at pH 4 has approximately:

26 In a bicarbonate buffer, what happens when a small amount of strong acid is added?

27 A buffer works most effectively when:

28 For a buffer with and equal concentrations of weak acid and conjugate base, the pH is approximately:

29 A buffer has and a ratio . What is its approximate pH?

30 Which feature best explains why many carbohydrates are soluble in water?

31 A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed into a simpler carbohydrate is classified as a:

32 A sugar containing an aldehyde group and six carbon atoms is best classified as a:

33 When D-glucose forms a ring, the carbonyl carbon becomes a new chiral center called the:

34 Which monosaccharide is a ketose rather than an aldose?

35 D-glucose and D-galactose differ in configuration at only one chiral carbon. They are:

36 -D-glucose and -D-glucose are classified as:

37 Replacement of the hydroxyl group at carbon 2 of glucose by hydrogen produces:

38 Glucosamine is formed by replacing a hydroxyl group of glucose with an amino group. It is therefore a(n):

39 Lactose is composed of which two monosaccharides?

40 Which comparison between glycogen and cellulose is correct?

41 A weak acid has . Which statement best explains why its conjugate base is more abundant than the undissociated acid at physiological pH?

42 Why does water have an unusually high boiling point compared with molecules of similar molecular mass?

43 Two solutions have pH values of 3 and 5, respectively. Assuming ideal behavior, how does the hydrogen-ion concentration of the first solution compare with that of the second?

44 A buffer contains equal concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base. If a small amount of strong acid is added, which event occurs first?

45 A buffer has . What ratio of conjugate base to weak acid is required to obtain pH 7.1?

46 A buffer initially contains equal amounts of and . If one-half of the original amount of is converted into by added acid, what is the approximate pH change?

47 A weak acid buffer is most effective when the desired pH is close to which value?

48 A carbohydrate yields two different monosaccharides on complete hydrolysis and contains a single glycosidic linkage. How should it be classified?

49 Which structural feature distinguishes an aldose from a ketose in its open-chain form?

50 How many stereoisomers are theoretically possible for an aldohexose containing four asymmetric carbon atoms in its open-chain form?

51 Two monosaccharides differ in configuration at only one chiral carbon that is not the anomeric carbon. What is their relationship?

52 A cyclic D-sugar has its anomeric hydroxyl group trans to the terminal group. Which designation applies?

53 Oxidation of the terminal primary alcohol group of glucose, while retaining its aldehyde group, produces which derivative?

54 Replacement of the hydroxyl group on the second carbon of glucose by an amino group produces which compound?

55 Why is sucrose classified as a nonreducing disaccharide?

56 Lactose is a reducing sugar because its glycosidic linkage leaves which structural feature available?

57 Which structural feature makes glycogen more rapidly mobilized than amylopectin?

58 Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose efficiently?

59 Which combination is characteristic of glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate?

60 A heavily sulfated glycosaminoglycan attracts water and cations primarily because of its: