Unit 2: Emerging Technologies and Future of the Discipline - Practice Quiz

1 Which industrial revolution is primarily associated with the use of steam power and mechanization?

2 Industry 5.0 is best described by which of the following focuses?

3 What does Digital Transformation primarily refer to?

4 How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in 2015?

5 Machine Learning is best defined as a subset of AI that enables systems to:

6 What does IoT stand for?

7 A blockchain is best described as a:

8 The Metaverse is best understood as:

9 Compared to 4G, one major advantage of 5G technology is:

10 Edge Computing mainly aims to process data:

11 A Digital Twin is best defined as:

12 In manufacturing, industrial automation primarily helps to:

13 What distinguishes an intelligent sensor from a basic sensor?

14 Hardware security is mainly concerned with protecting:

15 Medical Informatics combines healthcare with which field?

16 Which of the following is an example of a clean energy technology?

17 Semiconductors are most commonly made from which material?

18 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) primarily aim to:

19 The World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report mainly provides insights about:

20 Which of the following is considered an important skill for future careers?

21 A factory introduces collaborative robots (cobots) that work safely alongside humans, emphasizing personalization and human-centric production. Which industrial revolution best characterizes this approach?

22 Which sequence correctly matches the driving technology to its industrial revolution?

23 A retail company shifts from manual record-keeping to a cloud-based system that uses customer data analytics to personalize offers. This change is best described as:

24 A startup develops low-cost solar lanterns for off-grid villages. Which SDG does this most directly support?

25 A model is trained on labeled emails to classify them as spam or not spam. Which type of machine learning is being used?

26 An AI model performs perfectly on training data but poorly on new data. This problem is called:

27 A smart home thermostat measures temperature, sends data to the cloud, and adjusts heating automatically. Which IoT layer is responsible for collecting the temperature data?

28 In a blockchain, each block typically contains the hash of the previous block. What is the main purpose of this design?

29 Which consensus mechanism relies on validators staking cryptocurrency rather than solving computational puzzles?

30 A user attends a virtual conference using a VR headset, interacting with 3D avatars in a persistent shared space. Which core feature of the metaverse does 'persistence' refer to?

31 A remote surgery application requires ultra-reliable communication with delays under 1 millisecond. Which 5G capability is most critical here?

32 A self-driving car processes sensor data locally instead of sending everything to a distant cloud server. What is the primary advantage of this edge computing approach?

33 A manufacturer creates a real-time virtual replica of a jet engine that updates as the physical engine operates, enabling predictive maintenance. This is an example of:

34 In industrial automation, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is primarily used to:

35 What distinguishes an intelligent (smart) sensor from a conventional sensor?

36 A malicious modification inserted into an integrated circuit during manufacturing to cause failure or leak data is called a:

37 A hospital adopts a system to store, retrieve, and share patient records digitally across departments. This system is best known as:

38 Which technology is used to store excess solar energy generated during the day for use at night?

39 In semiconductor manufacturing, photolithography is primarily used to:

40 Vehicles communicating with traffic signals to optimize flow and reduce congestion is an example of which ITS communication type?

41 A manufacturing firm claims it has achieved 'Industry 5.0' maturity. Which of the following observations would most strongly validate this claim rather than Industry 4.0?

42 An enterprise digitizes its paper forms into PDFs and stores them in the cloud, but processes remain unchanged. Why does this NOT constitute genuine digital transformation?

43 A rural micro-grid project uses AI to balance solar supply with demand, creating local technician jobs and reducing diesel use. Which combination of SDGs does it MOST directly advance?

44 A deep model achieves 99% training accuracy but 62% test accuracy. Adding more layers worsens the gap. Which intervention is MOST likely to address the root cause?

45 In a large-scale IoT deployment with thousands of battery-powered sensors reporting infrequently, which protocol/architecture choice best balances power efficiency and scalability?

46 A consortium wants a permissioned blockchain where a few known, semi-trusted organizations validate transactions and Byzantine fault tolerance is required. Which consensus mechanism is MOST appropriate?

47 Which technical challenge is the PRIMARY bottleneck for achieving convincing, motion-sickness-free immersion in a shared VR metaverse?

48 An autonomous factory requires ultra-reliable communication with end-to-end latency under 1 ms for real-time control. Which 5G service category and enabling technique apply?

49 A video-analytics system must react within 30 ms and operates in areas with intermittent connectivity. Why is edge computing preferred over pure cloud processing here?

50 What most fundamentally distinguishes a true digital twin from a conventional high-fidelity simulation model?

51 A 6-DOF robotic arm must move its end-effector to a specified Cartesian pose. Computing the required joint angles from that target pose is an instance of solving which problem?

52 An 'intelligent' (smart) sensor differs from a conventional transducer principally because it:

53 A Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) is valued in hardware security primarily because it:

54 In clinical decision support, why is a diagnostic model's high accuracy potentially misleading for a rare disease with 1% prevalence?

55 A solar farm sized for peak midday output faces the 'duck curve' problem on the grid. Which strategy most directly mitigates the steep evening ramp it causes?

56 As transistor nodes shrink below ~7 nm, why has Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography become essential?

57 For cooperative collision avoidance, connected vehicles exchange V2V messages. Which requirement is MOST critical for these safety messages?

58 The WEF Future of Jobs Report frames labor disruption largely in terms of a 'churn'. What does this concept most accurately capture?

59 When a software professional discovers a safety-critical defect their employer wishes to conceal, codes of ethics such as those of IEEE/ACM most directly require them to:

60 Given rapid technological churn, why do employers increasingly prioritize 'meta-skills' like learning agility over mastery of a specific current tool?