10Which fruit is commonly recognized as a good source of potassium?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Easy
A.Apple
B.Banana
C.Grape
D.Pineapple
Correct Answer: Banana
Explanation:
Banana is well known as a useful dietary source of potassium.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Which of the following is commonly classified as a tropical fruit crop?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Easy
A.Peach
B.Pear
C.Mango
D.Apple
Correct Answer: Mango
Explanation:
Mango grows best under warm tropical conditions and is commonly classified as a tropical fruit crop.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Which of the following is a temperate fruit crop?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Easy
A.Pineapple
B.Banana
C.Apple
D.Papaya
Correct Answer: Apple
Explanation:
Apple is a temperate fruit crop that generally requires cool conditions and winter chilling.
Incorrect! Try again.
13Citrus fruits are commonly classified under which climatic group?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Easy
A.Subtropical fruits
B.Temperate fruits
C.Alpine fruits
D.Arctic fruits
Correct Answer: Subtropical fruits
Explanation:
Citrus crops are commonly grouped as subtropical fruits because they perform well in warm regions with mild winters.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Mango belongs to which botanical family?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Easy
A.Musaceae
B.Rutaceae
C.Rosaceae
D.Anacardiaceae
Correct Answer: Anacardiaceae
Explanation:
Mango, botanically known as Mangifera indica, belongs to the family Anacardiaceae.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Based on its growth habit, the banana plant is botanically described as a:
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Easy
A.Woody tree
B.Large herb
C.Thorny shrub
D.Climbing vine
Correct Answer: Large herb
Explanation:
Banana is a large herb with a pseudostem formed by tightly packed leaf sheaths.
Incorrect! Try again.
16The area under a fruit crop is most commonly reported in:
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Easy
A.Litres
B.Kilograms
C.Hectares
D.Tonnes
Correct Answer: Hectares
Explanation:
A hectare is a standard unit used to report the land area under crop cultivation.
Incorrect! Try again.
17The total quantity of fruit harvested in a region during a season is called:
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Easy
A.Productivity
B.Export value
C.Area
D.Production
Correct Answer: Production
Explanation:
Production refers to the total quantity of a crop harvested from a specified region and period.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Which formula is used to calculate crop productivity?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Productivity is the quantity produced per unit area and is calculated as .
Incorrect! Try again.
19Which Indian organization promotes the export of agricultural and processed food products?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Easy
A.ICAR
B.NABARD
C.APEDA
D.FCI
Correct Answer: APEDA
Explanation:
APEDA promotes the export of agricultural and processed food products, including many fruits and fruit products.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Which practice helps preserve fruit quality during storage and long-distance export?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Easy
A.Rough bulk packing
B.Cold-chain handling
C.Unsorted marketing
D.Open-air storage
Correct Answer: Cold-chain handling
Explanation:
Cold-chain handling maintains suitable low temperatures and reduces quality loss during storage and transport.
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21Farmers in a region replace part of their low-value cereal area with fruit orchards and establish a local fruit-processing unit. Which combined outcome is most likely?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Medium
A.Higher farm income and additional rural employment
B.Reduced need for storage and market infrastructure
C.Lower initial investment and immediate orchard returns
D.Complete elimination of seasonal price fluctuations
Correct Answer: Higher farm income and additional rural employment
Explanation:
Fruit crops can generate higher returns per unit area, while processing units create employment in grading, packaging, transport, and value addition.
Incorrect! Try again.
22Demand for ready-to-eat fruits is increasing in a large Indian city, but nearby growers face high post-harvest losses. Which investment best addresses both the demand and the losses?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Medium
A.Development of packhouses and cold chains
B.Reduction of fruit grading standards
C.Replacement of orchards with annual crops
D.Expansion of cereal-storage warehouses
Correct Answer: Development of packhouses and cold chains
Explanation:
Packhouses and cold chains preserve quality, reduce spoilage, and enable a reliable supply of graded, ready-to-eat fruits.
Incorrect! Try again.
23A mango-producing district experiences a severe market glut during peak harvest. Which intervention would most effectively expand the industry's scope?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Medium
A.Convert surplus mangoes into pulp and dried products
B.Restrict sales to the nearest wholesale market
C.Increase irrigation immediately before fruit harvest
D.Harvest all fruits before physiological maturity
Correct Answer: Convert surplus mangoes into pulp and dried products
Explanation:
Processing extends shelf life, absorbs seasonal surpluses, reduces losses, and creates products that can be marketed throughout the year.
Incorrect! Try again.
24A coconut grower plants pineapple between young palms during the years before the coconut canopy closes. What is the main economic advantage of this practice?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Medium
A.It generates interim income and uses vacant space
B.It shortens the juvenile period of coconut palms
C.It permanently replaces coconut as the principal crop
D.It eliminates the nutrient requirement of coconut palms
Correct Answer: It generates interim income and uses vacant space
Explanation:
Intercropping during the juvenile phase uses available land, light, and labour while providing income before coconut reaches full production.
Incorrect! Try again.
25A nutrition programme provides an iron-rich pulse meal to children. Which fruit would best accompany the meal to improve the absorption of non-heme iron?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Medium
A.Ripe banana
B.Fresh guava
C.Dried date
D.Ripe avocado
Correct Answer: Fresh guava
Explanation:
Guava is rich in vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods such as pulses.
Incorrect! Try again.
26A community has a high incidence of vitamin A deficiency. Which fruit should be promoted primarily for its provitamin A carotenoids?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Medium
A.Ripe papaya
B.Green table grape
C.White-fleshed guava
D.Tender coconut
Correct Answer: Ripe papaya
Explanation:
Ripe papaya contains substantial beta-carotene and related carotenoids that the body can convert into vitamin A.
Incorrect! Try again.
27An athlete needs a convenient fruit that supplies readily available carbohydrates along with potassium. Which choice is most suitable?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Medium
A.Banana
B.Lemon
C.Guava
D.Aonla
Correct Answer: Banana
Explanation:
Banana provides digestible carbohydrates and is a useful dietary source of potassium, making it suitable for quick energy.
Incorrect! Try again.
28Which fruit is most suitable for increasing the intake of energy-dense, predominantly unsaturated dietary fat?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Medium
A.Orange
B.Avocado
C.Aonla
D.Watermelon
Correct Answer: Avocado
Explanation:
Avocado has a much higher fat content than most fruits, with monounsaturated fatty acids forming a major proportion.
Incorrect! Try again.
29A hill region has cold winters that provide adequate chilling, mild summers, and occasional snowfall. Which fruit crop is best adapted to this climate?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Medium
A.Banana
B.Apple
C.Pineapple
D.Papaya
Correct Answer: Apple
Explanation:
Apple is a temperate fruit crop, and most commercial cultivars require exposure to winter chilling for normal bud break and flowering.
Incorrect! Try again.
30A coastal location remains warm and humid throughout the year and is almost free from frost. Which fruit crop is most suited to these conditions?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Medium
A.Pear
B.Apricot
C.Banana
D.Apple
Correct Answer: Banana
Explanation:
Banana is a tropical crop that performs well under warm, humid, frost-free conditions.
Incorrect! Try again.
31Which fruit and morphological fruit-type combination is correctly matched?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Medium
A.Mango — pome
B.Guava — drupe
C.Mango — drupe
D.Apple — berry
Correct Answer: Mango — drupe
Explanation:
Mango is a drupe because it has a fleshy outer portion surrounding a hard, stony endocarp that encloses the seed.
Incorrect! Try again.
32Pineapple is classified as a multiple fruit because it develops from:
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Medium
A.Several free ovaries of one flower
B.The flowers of an entire inflorescence
C.An enlarged receptacle of one flower
D.One ovary containing several ovules
Correct Answer: The flowers of an entire inflorescence
Explanation:
In pineapple, the fruits formed from many flowers of an inflorescence fuse with associated tissues to form one multiple fruit.
Incorrect! Try again.
33Which pair of economically important crops belongs to the same botanical family?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Medium
A.Coffee and tea
B.Mango and cashew
C.Banana and coconut
D.Guava and citrus
Correct Answer: Mango and cashew
Explanation:
Mango and cashew both belong to the family Anacardiaceae. The other pairs belong to different botanical families.
Incorrect! Try again.
34A crop has a pseudostem formed by overlapping leaf sheaths, parallel leaf venation, and an underground rhizome. Which crop has these characteristics?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Medium
A.Banana
B.Mango
C.Papaya
D.Guava
Correct Answer: Banana
Explanation:
Banana is a monocotyledonous herb with a rhizome and a pseudostem formed by tightly packed leaf sheaths.
Incorrect! Try again.
35A district produces 600,000 tonnes of fruit from 50,000 hectares. What is its average productivity?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Medium
A.8 tonnes per hectare
B.15 tonnes per hectare
C.12 tonnes per hectare
D.10 tonnes per hectare
Correct Answer: 12 tonnes per hectare
Explanation:
Productivity is tonnes per hectare.
Incorrect! Try again.
36The area under a fruit crop increases by 10%, while its productivity increases by 20%. Assuming other factors remain unchanged, by what percentage will total production increase?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Medium
A.32%
B.30%
C.20%
D.12%
Correct Answer: 32%
Explanation:
Production changes by , so the combined increase is 32%, not merely 30%.
Incorrect! Try again.
37A grape export consignment is rejected because pesticide residues exceed the importing country's maximum residue limits. Which action would most directly prevent recurrence?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Medium
A.Maintain spray records and conduct residue testing
B.Increase pesticide dosage before harvest
C.Mix produce from several unidentified farms
D.Harvest fruit without observing maturity standards
Correct Answer: Maintain spray records and conduct residue testing
Explanation:
Farm-level records, adherence to pre-harvest intervals, traceability, and residue testing help ensure compliance with export-market limits.
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38Fresh mangoes must be transported to a distant export market while retaining firmness and appearance. Which system is most appropriate?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Medium
A.Sun exposure followed by airtight storage
B.Pre-cooling followed by refrigerated transport
C.Delayed packing followed by bulk transport
D.Open loading followed by ambient transport
Correct Answer: Pre-cooling followed by refrigerated transport
Explanation:
Rapid removal of field heat and maintenance of the cold chain slow deterioration and help preserve export quality during long-distance transport.
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39A country produces 2.4 million tonnes of a fruit and exports 0.12 million tonnes. What percentage of production is exported?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Medium
A.2%
B.12%
C.20%
D.5%
Correct Answer: 5%
Explanation:
The export share is .
Incorrect! Try again.
40A cashew-producing region wants to increase export earnings without substantially expanding crop area. Which strategy is most appropriate?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Medium
A.Mix kernel grades to reduce packaging costs
B.Store nuts longer without moisture control
C.Grade kernels and utilize shell by-products
D.Export unsorted raw nuts in bulk lots
Correct Answer: Grade kernels and utilize shell by-products
Explanation:
Grading, quality packaging, branding, and recovery of products such as cashew nut shell liquid increase value from the existing production.
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41A coconut-based holding obtains normalized yields of 0.85 from coconut, 0.40 from black pepper and 0.35 from pineapple relative to their respective sole-crop yields. If the components use the same land simultaneously, which interpretation is agronomically valid?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Hard
A.The system has an LER of 0.53 and uses land less efficiently than sole cropping
B.The system has an LER of 0.85 because perennial crops determine total efficiency
C.The system has an LER of 1.60 and uses land more efficiently than sole cropping
D.The system has an LER of 1.25 but gains only from the coconut component
Correct Answer: The system has an LER of 1.60 and uses land more efficiently than sole cropping
Explanation:
The land-equivalent ratio is . Thus, 1.60 ha under sole crops would be required to match the output from 1 ha of the intercropped system.
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42A district produces large quantities of highly seasonal mangoes, but farm-gate prices collapse during the harvest peak and post-harvest losses are high. Which investment would most directly expand the industry's scope while addressing both problems?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Hard
A.Expanding nurseries without improving market infrastructure
B.Restricting harvesting until local fresh demand increases
C.Replacing mango orchards with annual cereal crops
D.Creating packhouses, ripening units and pulp-processing facilities
Correct Answer: Creating packhouses, ripening units and pulp-processing facilities
Explanation:
Integrated grading, storage, ripening and processing can extend market life, absorb seasonal surpluses and generate value-added products, thereby reducing losses and price pressure.
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43Which feature best explains why perennial fruit and plantation crops can generate high rural employment even when their cultivated area is smaller than that of major cereals?
Importance and scope of the fruits and plantation crops industry in India
Hard
A.They support recurring husbandry, harvesting and value-chain activities
B.They require only mechanized harvesting operations
C.They produce uniform marketable output without grading
D.They eliminate the need for post-harvest handling
Correct Answer: They support recurring husbandry, harvesting and value-chain activities
Explanation:
Pruning, training, plant protection, repeated harvesting, grading, packing, processing and marketing create substantial on-farm and off-farm employment.
Incorrect! Try again.
44After processing, which serving supplies the greatest retained vitamin C?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Hard
A.50 g guava at 220 mg per 100 g with 75% retention
B.25 g aonla at 600 mg per 100 g with 40% retention
C.100 g banana at 9 mg per 100 g with 95% retention
D.150 g orange at 50 mg per 100 g with 90% retention
Correct Answer: 50 g guava at 220 mg per 100 g with 75% retention
Explanation:
Retained vitamin C equals serving fraction multiplied by concentration and retention. The values are 60, 82.5, 67.5 and 8.55 mg, respectively; guava supplies the most.
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45A mango serving contains 1.8 mg of dietary -carotene. Using a conversion of dietary -carotene to retinol activity equivalent (RAE), how much vitamin A activity does it provide?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
mg equals . Therefore, vitamin A activity is .
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46A cereal-based meal is rich in non-haem iron but also contains phytate. Which fruit addition is most likely to improve iron absorption through a direct nutritional interaction?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Hard
A.A fibre-rich sapota serving
B.A starch-rich mature banana serving
C.A vitamin C-rich guava serving
D.A lipid-rich avocado serving
Correct Answer: A vitamin C-rich guava serving
Explanation:
Ascorbic acid enhances non-haem iron absorption by reducing ferric iron and forming soluble complexes, partly counteracting inhibitors such as phytate.
Incorrect! Try again.
47A 100 g fruit portion contains 15 g fat, 9 g carbohydrate and 2 g protein. Using Atwater factors of 9, 4 and 4 kcal per gram, respectively, what is its approximate energy value?
Nutritional value of fruit crops
Hard
A.143 kcal
B.167 kcal
C.203 kcal
D.179 kcal
Correct Answer: 179 kcal
Explanation:
Energy is kcal. This macronutrient profile is characteristic of a lipid-rich fruit such as avocado.
Incorrect! Try again.
48A crop needs a cool, dry winter for floral induction, is injured by severe frost, and develops fruit best under a warm, humid summer. Which fruit-climate association is most consistent?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.Date palm — arid tropical
B.Banana — tropical
C.Apple — temperate
D.Litchi — subtropical
Correct Answer: Litchi — subtropical
Explanation:
Litchi is a subtropical fruit requiring cool, dry conditions for flower induction followed by warm, humid conditions for fruit development; severe frost is damaging.
Incorrect! Try again.
49Which pair is correctly matched with both fruit type and principal edible tissue?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.Banana — drupe; stony endocarp
B.Apple — berry; fleshy pericarp
C.Citrus — pome; swollen thalamus
D.Mango — drupe; fleshy mesocarp
Correct Answer: Mango — drupe; fleshy mesocarp
Explanation:
Mango is a drupe whose edible portion is primarily the mesocarp. Apple is a pome, citrus a hesperidium and banana a berry.
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50Which statement correctly distinguishes the cashew nut from the cashew apple?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.The nut is a seedless berry, while the apple is a mature ovary
B.The nut is the true fruit, while the apple is an enlarged peduncle
C.The apple is a drupe, while the nut is a swollen floral axis
D.The apple is the true fruit, while the nut is an enlarged receptacle
Correct Answer: The nut is the true fruit, while the apple is an enlarged peduncle
Explanation:
The kidney-shaped cashew nut is the true fruit. The fleshy cashew apple is an accessory structure formed mainly by enlargement of the peduncle.
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51Which sequence contains a simple fruit, an aggregate fruit and a multiple fruit, respectively?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.Pineapple, strawberry, mango
B.Mango, strawberry, pineapple
C.Strawberry, mango, pineapple
D.Mango, pineapple, strawberry
Correct Answer: Mango, strawberry, pineapple
Explanation:
Mango is a simple drupe, strawberry is an aggregate accessory fruit with many achenes, and pineapple is a multiple fruit formed from an inflorescence.
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52In citrus, the juice-filled sacs eaten as pulp arise principally from which part of the fruit?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.Mesocarp of the drupe
B.Placenta of the pepo
C.Endocarp of the hesperidium
D.Receptacle of the pome
Correct Answer: Endocarp of the hesperidium
Explanation:
Citrus fruit is a hesperidium. Its edible juice vesicles are outgrowths of the endocarp lining the locules.
Incorrect! Try again.
53Which morphological interpretation of coconut is correct?
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.A capsule with edible placenta and fibrous testa
B.A pome with edible thalamus and papery endocarp
C.A dry berry with edible mesocarp and a free seed
D.A fibrous drupe with edible liquid and solid endosperm
Correct Answer: A fibrous drupe with edible liquid and solid endosperm
Explanation:
Coconut is a fibrous drupe. Coconut water is liquid endosperm, while the kernel is the solid cellular endosperm.
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54A seedless banana develops after pollination fails and without fertilization, while the ovary still enlarges into an edible fruit. This phenomenon is best classified as:
Classification of fruit crops based on climatic requirement, botanical characteristics and morphology
Hard
A.Stenospermocarpy
B.Polyembryony
C.Apomictic embryony
D.Vegetative parthenocarpy
Correct Answer: Vegetative parthenocarpy
Explanation:
Vegetative parthenocarpy is fruit development without pollination and fertilization. Stenospermocarpy involves fertilization followed by embryo or seed abortion.
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55The cultivated area of a fruit crop rises by 8%, but its productivity falls by 5%. Assuming production equals area multiplied by productivity, what is the net change in production?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Hard
A.A 3.4% decrease
B.A 13.0% increase
C.A 3.0% increase
D.A 2.6% increase
Correct Answer: A 2.6% increase
Explanation:
The production index becomes , corresponding to a net increase of 2.6%.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A crop's production rises by 20% while its area rises by 10% over the same period. What is the exact percentage change in productivity?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Hard
A.A decrease of 8.33%
B.An increase of 11.11%
C.An increase of 9.09%
D.An increase of 10.00%
Correct Answer: An increase of 9.09%
Explanation:
Productivity changes by the ratio , giving an increase of approximately 9.09%.
Incorrect! Try again.
57A plantation crop's area grows at 5% annually and its productivity grows at 10% annually. If the two growth rates compound independently, what is the annual growth rate of production?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Hard
A.16.5%
B.16.0%
C.15.5%
D.15.0%
Correct Answer: 15.5%
Explanation:
Production growth is multiplicative: , or 15.5% annually.
Incorrect! Try again.
58Four crops have the following annual production, domestic requirement, export-quality fraction of surplus and export price. Which has the highest potential export value?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Hard
A.Crop A: 1.20, 0.90 million t; 70%; $1,200 per t
B.Crop C: 1.50, 1.20 million t; 75%; $1,050 per t
C.Crop D: 1.00, 0.78 million t; 95%; $1,250 per t
D.Crop B: 0.90, 0.65 million t; 90%; $1,100 per t
Correct Answer: Crop D: 1.00, 0.78 million t; 95%; $1,250 per t
Explanation:
Potential values are A: million, B: million, C: million and D: million. Crop D therefore has the highest potential.
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59India's share of world production of a fruit is 18%, while its share of world exports of that fruit is only 3%. Which inference is most defensible from these figures alone?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Hard
A.The fruit has no domestic demand and is entirely processed
B.India's productivity must exceed every competing country
C.The entire production surplus fails international quality standards
D.High production does not necessarily imply high export competitiveness
Correct Answer: High production does not necessarily imply high export competitiveness
Explanation:
Export share also depends on domestic consumption, quality, logistics, seasonality, prices and trade access. The figures alone cannot identify one specific constraint.
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60Two regions each produce 600,000 t of mango. Region X cultivates 80,000 ha and loses 20% after harvest; Region Y cultivates 100,000 ha and loses 8%. Which comparison is correct?
Area, production, productivity and export potential of fruit and plantation crops
Hard
A.X has higher field productivity and more marketable output
B.X has higher field productivity, but Y has more marketable output
C.Y has higher field productivity, but X has more marketable output
D.Y has higher field productivity and more marketable output
Correct Answer: X has higher field productivity, but Y has more marketable output
Explanation:
Field productivity is 7.5 t/ha in X and 6 t/ha in Y. Marketable output is 480,000 t in X and 552,000 t in Y after accounting for losses.
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