Unit 2: Concept, scope and principles of natural farming - Practice Quiz

AGR217 — Principles And Practices Of Natural Farming 60 Questions
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1 Which feature of ancient Indian agriculture was commonly noted by Greek historians and later travellers?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Easy
A. Complete reliance on imports
B. Absence of irrigation systems
C. Exclusive cultivation of cotton
D. Diverse crops and fertile soils

2 What did historical travellers commonly observe about irrigation in Indian agriculture?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Easy
A. It was used only for flowers
B. It supported crop production
C. It was limited to forests
D. It was entirely unknown

3 Which contemporary farming practice avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Easy
A. Plantation farming
B. Industrial farming
C. Natural farming
D. Intensive farming

4 Which practice is commonly used in contemporary natural farming to protect the soil surface?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Easy
A. Organic mulching
B. Deep ploughing
C. Plastic covering
D. Residue burning

5 What is the basic concept of natural farming?

Concept of natural farming Easy
A. Farming based on synthetic chemicals
B. Farming based only on irrigation
C. Farming based on ecological processes
D. Farming based only on machinery

6 Natural farming mainly seeks to work in harmony with which system?

Concept of natural farming Easy
A. Factory system
B. Market system
C. Transport system
D. Natural ecosystem

7 Which is a major objective of natural farming?

Objectives of natural farming Easy
A. Increasing chemical dependence
B. Eliminating crop diversity
C. Improving soil health
D. Maximizing residue burning

8 How does natural farming aim to reduce farmers' production costs?

Objectives of natural farming Easy
A. By increasing imported inputs
B. By requiring heavier machinery
C. By expanding chemical use
D. By using local resources

9 Which environmental objective is associated with natural farming?

Objectives of natural farming Easy
A. Increasing soil erosion
B. Reducing crop diversity
C. Conserving biodiversity
D. Expanding chemical residues

10 Which is an essential characteristic of natural farming?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Easy
A. Continuous deep soil disturbance
B. Reliance on biological processes
C. Dependence on synthetic inputs
D. Routine burning of residues

11 Which principle helps maintain living roots and biological activity in the soil?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Easy
A. Removing all vegetation
B. Keeping soil covered
C. Leaving soil bare
D. Burning all residues

12 Why is minimum soil disturbance encouraged in natural farming?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Easy
A. To expose soil continuously
B. To increase soil erosion
C. To protect soil structure
D. To remove soil organisms

13 What is an important benefit of natural farming for soil?

Scope and importance of natural farming Easy
A. Faster topsoil removal
B. Higher chemical accumulation
C. Greater biological activity
D. Lower moisture retention

14 Why is natural farming important for sustainable agriculture?

Scope and importance of natural farming Easy
A. It supports long-term resource conservation
B. It requires continuous residue burning
C. It promotes excessive groundwater use
D. It depends on increasing chemical doses

15 Natural farming can contribute to safer food mainly by reducing the use of what?

Scope and importance of natural farming Easy
A. Organic farm residues
B. Synthetic agrochemicals
C. Beneficial soil microbes
D. Traditional crop varieties

16 In Indian natural farming, what is Beejamrit mainly used for?

Main pillars of natural farming Easy
A. Storing grain
B. Harvesting crops
C. Covering soil
D. Treating seeds

17 What is the primary role of Jeevamrit in natural farming?

Main pillars of natural farming Easy
A. Supporting microbial activity
B. Removing crop residues
C. Increasing soil salinity
D. Drying harvested grain

18 In natural farming, the practice called Acchadana refers to what?

Main pillars of natural farming Easy
A. Seed treatment
B. Grain storage
C. Crop harvesting
D. Soil mulching

19 Who is widely associated with the development of Zero Budget Natural Farming in India?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Easy
A. Subhash Palekar
B. Norman Borlaug
C. M. S. Swaminathan
D. J. C. Bose

20 Which natural farming school is associated with Masanobu Fukuoka?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Easy
A. Plantation farming
B. Hydroponic farming
C. Precision farming
D. Do-nothing farming

21 Greek accounts described parts of ancient India as producing more than one crop annually. Which combination most directly explains this observation?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Medium
A. Permanent snow cover and terrace walls
B. Seasonal rainfall and irrigation facilities
C. Single cropping and prolonged fallowing
D. Imported seed and synthetic fertilizer

22 Megasthenes reported that cultivators generally continued farming even during conflicts. What does this observation most strongly indicate?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Medium
A. Agricultural production depended on imported labour
B. Cultivators served mainly as military personnel
C. Agriculture received social and political protection
D. Farms were located only inside fortified cities

23 A historian compares travellers' reports of tanks, wells, canals, and seasonal crops from different regions of India. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Medium
A. Cultivation was limited to areas beside major rivers
B. Rainfall had no influence on traditional agriculture
C. Every region followed an identical irrigation system
D. Indian agriculture used locally adapted water-management systems

24 A farmer replaces synthetic fertilizer with purchased organic fertilizer but otherwise maintains an input-intensive monoculture. Why is this not fully consistent with natural farming?

Concept of natural farming Medium
A. It requires cultivation without any crop residues
B. It completely eliminates nutrient recycling within the field
C. It necessarily prevents all biological pest control
D. It substitutes inputs without redesigning the farm ecosystem

25 Which farm decision best represents the concept of natural farming?

Concept of natural farming Medium
A. Recycling biomass and supporting soil organisms
B. Removing all non-crop organisms from the field
C. Depending on routine pesticide sprays for prevention
D. Maximizing soluble fertilizer application each season

26 A smallholder faces rising prices of fertilizer and pesticides. Which natural-farming objective most directly addresses this problem?

Objectives of natural farming Medium
A. Reducing dependence on purchased external inputs
B. Increasing the frequency of chemical applications
C. Replacing family labour with imported machinery
D. Standardizing production through a single crop

27 A farm maintains yields during a dry year because its soil stores more water and its cropping system contains several species. Which objective of natural farming is demonstrated?

Objectives of natural farming Medium
A. Promoting uniformity across the entire landscape
B. Achieving complete control over seasonal rainfall
C. Eliminating the need for all farm management
D. Improving ecological resilience to climate stress

28 Which indicator would best evaluate whether natural farming is improving both farmer welfare and environmental health?

Objectives of natural farming Medium
A. Gross yield together with pesticide expenditure
B. Tractor use together with field size
C. Market price together with seed colour
D. Net income together with soil biological activity

29 Crop residues are available after harvest, but the farmer usually burns them. Which alternative is most consistent with natural-farming principles?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Medium
A. Mix them with a persistent chemical herbicide
B. Remove them permanently from the farm ecosystem
C. Retain them as mulch or recycle them biologically
D. Burn them before every irrigation event

30 A pest appears in one section of a naturally managed field. Which response best follows the principle of ecological balance?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Medium
A. Apply a broad-spectrum pesticide to every field
B. Monitor damage and encourage biological regulation
C. Destroy all insects without identifying their roles
D. Remove every flowering plant from field borders

31 Why is crop diversity considered an essential characteristic of natural farming?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Medium
A. It makes all soils chemically identical
B. It removes the need to observe field conditions
C. It spreads risk and supports ecological interactions
D. It guarantees equal yields from every crop

32 Which situation offers the strongest scope for natural farming in a rainfed village?

Scope and importance of natural farming Medium
A. Fields remain permanently waterlogged throughout the year
B. Farms have local biomass but limited cash for inputs
C. Farmers aim to eliminate all crop and livestock diversity
D. Farms rely on assured imports of soluble nutrients

33 Natural farming is proposed for a watershed suffering from runoff and soil erosion. Which practice would provide the most direct benefit?

Scope and importance of natural farming Medium
A. Keeping soil bare between widely spaced crops
B. Maintaining mulch and continuous ground cover
C. Burning residues before the rainy season
D. Increasing deep tillage along the slope

34 A farmer wants to treat seeds with a locally prepared microbial formulation before sowing. Which main pillar should be selected?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Jivamrita
B. Bijamrita
C. Acchadana
D. Waaphasa

35 Which main pillar is applied mainly to stimulate microbial activity in the soil using a fermented preparation?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Bijamrita
B. Acchadana
C. Jivamrita
D. Waaphasa

36 A field loses moisture rapidly and develops a hard surface after irrigation. Which pillar most directly addresses these problems?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Bijamrita
B. Waaphasa
C. Acchadana
D. Jivamrita

37 In natural farming, Waaphasa is best promoted by which irrigation strategy?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Drying the soil until plants permanently wilt
B. Applying limited water while preserving soil aeration
C. Keeping the root zone continuously flooded
D. Sealing soil pores after every irrigation

38 A contemporary natural farmer integrates trees, crops, animals, water harvesting, and habitat zones according to their relationships. Which approach does this most closely represent?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Medium
A. Hydroponic production
B. Continuous monocropping
C. Input-substitution farming
D. Permaculture design

39 Which feature most clearly distinguishes Fukuoka's natural farming approach from an intensive tillage system?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Medium
A. Minimal soil disturbance and reliance on natural cycles
B. Frequent ploughing and complete residue removal
C. Routine use of soluble fertilizers and pesticides
D. Exclusive production under controlled indoor conditions

40 A farmer uses Bijamrita, Jivamrita, mulching, and moisture management as an integrated package. This package is most closely associated with which school?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Medium
A. Subhash Palekar Natural Farming
B. Homa farming
C. Hydroponic farming
D. Biodynamic farming

41 A historian uses Megasthenes' account to claim that ancient Indian agriculture was uniformly prosperous and free from crop failure. Which evaluation is methodologically strongest?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Hard
A. Generalize the claim only to regions that cultivated two crops in every recorded year
B. Accept the claim because an ambassador's account is necessarily representative
C. Reject the claim because foreign travellers never observed agricultural practices directly
D. Treat the account as evidence but compare it with regional, archaeological, and climatic records

42 Greek accounts associated agricultural abundance in India with seasonal rainfall, river irrigation, and the possibility of more than one harvest. Which inference best connects these observations?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Hard
A. Seasonal rainfall made irrigation institutions economically unnecessary in cultivated regions
B. River irrigation eliminated the agricultural significance of monsoon variability
C. Two harvests implied that every field remained continuously flooded throughout the year
D. Multiple water sources reduced seasonal constraints and supported intensive cropping

43 A later traveller describes both highly productive irrigated tracts and severe burdens on cultivators. What does this combination most clearly demonstrate?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Hard
A. Irrigation automatically transfers all agricultural surplus to village cultivators
B. Cultivator hardship proves that reported agricultural productivity was entirely fabricated
C. Productive landscapes cannot coexist with unequal systems of revenue extraction
D. High biological productivity does not necessarily imply secure cultivator livelihoods

44 Two farms eliminate synthetic fertilizers. Farm X imports large quantities of certified organic manure, while Farm Y relies mainly on on-farm biomass, diverse crops, microbial preparations, and minimal soil disturbance. Which distinction is most defensible?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Hard
A. Both systems are identical because neither applies synthetic fertilizer
B. Farm X better reflects natural farming because certification requires purchased manure
C. Farm Y cannot be natural because microbial preparations involve deliberate management
D. Farm Y more closely reflects natural farming's emphasis on ecological self-reliance

45 A farmer adopts natural farming on one hectare but retains conventional production on another. Which comparison would best isolate the effect of the farming system?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Hard
A. Compare total farm income before and after adoption without recording crop composition
B. Compare one natural plot this year with the conventional plot's best historical yield
C. Compare produce prices from different markets while ignoring yield and input expenditure
D. Compare adjacent matched plots using replicated measurements across several seasons

46 A contemporary natural-farming programme reports lower purchased-input costs but also lower yield during conversion. Which indicator best evaluates short-term economic viability?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Hard
A. Input cost alone, because natural farming is defined by expenditure reduction
B. Market price alone, because production costs remain fixed during conversion
C. Net return after accounting for yield, price, labour, and purchased inputs
D. Yield alone, because input savings do not affect household returns

47 Which statement most accurately distinguishes natural farming from simple input substitution?

Concept of natural farming Hard
A. It redesigns farm processes so ecological interactions perform more production functions
B. It requires a universal package that remains unchanged across agroecological regions
C. It avoids all human intervention and allows crops to compete without management
D. It replaces every synthetic input with an externally purchased biological equivalent

48 A farm uses no synthetic agrochemicals but repeatedly removes crop residues, maintains bare soil, grows a single crop, and imports all nutrients. Why is its classification as natural farming questionable?

Concept of natural farming Hard
A. Natural farming requires synthetic fertilizers whenever residues are removed
B. Imported nutrients are prohibited only when they originate from plant materials
C. Chemical exclusion alone does not establish recycling, diversity, or soil-cover principles
D. Monoculture qualifies as natural farming whenever pesticide residues remain undetectable

49 A proposed intervention increases first-year yield by 8% but raises external-input dependence, reduces soil organic matter, and increases debt exposure. Under natural-farming objectives, how should it be assessed?

Objectives of natural farming Hard
A. Accepted because external inputs are compatible whenever crop output increases
B. Accepted because immediate yield overrides ecological and financial considerations
C. Questioned only if the harvested produce fails statutory food-safety standards
D. Questioned because short-term yield conflicts with resilience and self-reliance objectives

50 Which outcome set provides the strongest evidence that a natural-farming transition is meeting both ecological and livelihood objectives?

Objectives of natural farming Hard
A. Premium prices, declining soil carbon, greater pest outbreaks, and higher borrowing
B. Higher yield, greater fertilizer purchase, lower crop diversity, and unchanged debt
C. Stable net income, improved soil cover, lower input dependence, and greater diversity
D. Lower labour use, higher irrigation demand, greater specialization, and stable yield

51 After heavy rain, two comparable fields show different outcomes. The mulched, minimally disturbed field has less runoff and retains more plant-available moisture. Which mechanism best explains the difference?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Hard
A. Minimal disturbance and cover protect aggregates and improve infiltration and storage
B. Mulch increases runoff so that deeper soil layers remain protected from saturation
C. Mulch seals surface pores and therefore accelerates infiltration into compacted soil
D. Minimal disturbance prevents all evaporation and permanently eliminates water stress

52 A farmer observes rising pest damage after replacing a mixed cropping system with a large single-species stand, despite continuing natural pest preparations. Which principle was most directly weakened?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Hard
A. Complete residue removal as a basis for disease suppression
B. Functional biodiversity as a basis for ecological pest regulation
C. Permanent soil saturation as a basis for nutrient mineralization
D. Uniform crop genetics as a basis for predator conservation

53 Which management decision best applies the principle that soil should function as a living ecosystem rather than merely as a nutrient-holding medium?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Hard
A. Maintain roots, return biomass, limit disturbance, and support microbial activity
B. Remove organic residues to prevent microorganisms from competing with crop roots
C. Sterilize the soil before each crop and then inoculate one selected organism
D. Apply soluble nutrients according only to the crop's estimated elemental demand

54 In a drought-prone district, which finding would most strongly support scaling natural farming as a climate-resilience strategy?

Scope and importance of natural farming Hard
A. Participating farms maintain more stable returns across dry and normal seasons
B. Farmers purchase more biological inputs while maintaining their previous crop pattern
C. Produce receives a premium in one distant market during the first season
D. A single demonstration plot records the district's highest yield in a wet year

55 Which conclusion about the scope of natural farming is most defensible across heterogeneous Indian agroecosystems?

Scope and importance of natural farming Hard
A. One fixed protocol should produce identical outcomes in every soil and climate
B. Its principles can be broad, but practices require location-specific adaptation
C. It is relevant only where livestock are continuously housed beside crop fields
D. Its value can be established without measuring transition costs or yield risks

56 A field receives Jeevamrit regularly but remains bare between widely spaced crop rows, leading to rapid moisture loss and surface crusting. Which pillar is most directly missing?

Main pillars of natural farming Hard
A. Jeevamrit, because increasing its dose necessarily creates physical soil cover
B. Whapasa, because continuous flooding is required to maintain soil aeration
C. Beejamrit, because seed treatment alone prevents soil-water evaporation
D. Acchadana, because soil cover moderates moisture and surface conditions

57 A farmer treats seed with Beejamrit, applies Jeevamrit, and mulches the field, but keeps the root zone continuously waterlogged. Which pillar's intended condition is most clearly violated?

Main pillars of natural farming Hard
A. Jeevamrit, which requires the permanent exclusion of water from soil
B. Beejamrit, which requires seeds to remain dry throughout germination
C. Acchadana, which permits mulch only under completely dry soil conditions
D. Whapasa, which emphasizes a favourable balance of soil air and moisture

58 Which mapping of the commonly described natural-farming pillars to their primary functions is correct?

Main pillars of natural farming Hard
A. Beejamrit-seed treatment; Jeevamrit-biological stimulation; Acchadana-cover; Whapasa-air-moisture balance
B. Beejamrit-soil cover; Jeevamrit-seed treatment; Acchadana-aeration; Whapasa-inoculation
C. Beejamrit-irrigation; Jeevamrit-mulching; Acchadana-seed storage; Whapasa-pest trapping
D. Beejamrit-composting; Jeevamrit-tillage; Acchadana-flooding; Whapasa-fertilizer placement

59 Which comparison correctly distinguishes Masanobu Fukuoka's natural farming from a preparation-centred natural-farming package?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Hard
A. Fukuoka emphasized intensive tillage, while preparation-centred systems prohibit biological soil activity
B. Fukuoka emphasized minimal intervention, while preparation-centred systems prescribe selected farm-made formulations
C. Fukuoka depended on soluble fertilizers, while preparation-centred systems depend on imported compost
D. Fukuoka excluded crop diversity, while preparation-centred systems require permanent monoculture

60 A researcher compares Zero Budget Natural Farming, Rishi Kheti, and Fukuoka-style farming. Which analytical framework avoids falsely treating them as identical?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Hard
A. Compare their input sources, intervention levels, soil practices, and ecological assumptions
B. Rank them solely by first-season yield under one irrigated crop
C. Assume their methods are interchangeable because all reject synthetic fertilizers
D. Classify them only by whether their practitioners use the term "natural"