Unit 2: Concept, scope and principles of natural farming - Practice Quiz

AGR217 — Principles And Practices Of Natural Farming 60 Questions
0 Correct 0 Wrong 60 Left
0/60

1 Which feature of ancient Indian agriculture was commonly noted by Greek historians and later travellers?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Easy
A. Complete reliance on imports
B. Diverse crops and fertile soils
C. Absence of irrigation systems
D. Exclusive cultivation of cotton

2 What did historical travellers commonly observe about irrigation in Indian agriculture?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Easy
A. It supported crop production
B. It was limited to forests
C. It was used only for flowers
D. It was entirely unknown

3 Which contemporary farming practice avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Easy
A. Plantation farming
B. Industrial farming
C. Natural farming
D. Intensive farming

4 Which practice is commonly used in contemporary natural farming to protect the soil surface?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Easy
A. Plastic covering
B. Organic mulching
C. Residue burning
D. Deep ploughing

5 What is the basic concept of natural farming?

Concept of natural farming Easy
A. Farming based only on machinery
B. Farming based only on irrigation
C. Farming based on ecological processes
D. Farming based on synthetic chemicals

6 Natural farming mainly seeks to work in harmony with which system?

Concept of natural farming Easy
A. Market system
B. Factory system
C. Transport system
D. Natural ecosystem

7 Which is a major objective of natural farming?

Objectives of natural farming Easy
A. Maximizing residue burning
B. Increasing chemical dependence
C. Improving soil health
D. Eliminating crop diversity

8 How does natural farming aim to reduce farmers' production costs?

Objectives of natural farming Easy
A. By increasing imported inputs
B. By using local resources
C. By expanding chemical use
D. By requiring heavier machinery

9 Which environmental objective is associated with natural farming?

Objectives of natural farming Easy
A. Conserving biodiversity
B. Increasing soil erosion
C. Expanding chemical residues
D. Reducing crop diversity

10 Which is an essential characteristic of natural farming?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Easy
A. Routine burning of residues
B. Dependence on synthetic inputs
C. Reliance on biological processes
D. Continuous deep soil disturbance

11 Which principle helps maintain living roots and biological activity in the soil?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Easy
A. Removing all vegetation
B. Burning all residues
C. Leaving soil bare
D. Keeping soil covered

12 Why is minimum soil disturbance encouraged in natural farming?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Easy
A. To protect soil structure
B. To expose soil continuously
C. To increase soil erosion
D. To remove soil organisms

13 What is an important benefit of natural farming for soil?

Scope and importance of natural farming Easy
A. Higher chemical accumulation
B. Greater biological activity
C. Lower moisture retention
D. Faster topsoil removal

14 Why is natural farming important for sustainable agriculture?

Scope and importance of natural farming Easy
A. It requires continuous residue burning
B. It supports long-term resource conservation
C. It depends on increasing chemical doses
D. It promotes excessive groundwater use

15 Natural farming can contribute to safer food mainly by reducing the use of what?

Scope and importance of natural farming Easy
A. Organic farm residues
B. Traditional crop varieties
C. Synthetic agrochemicals
D. Beneficial soil microbes

16 In Indian natural farming, what is Beejamrit mainly used for?

Main pillars of natural farming Easy
A. Storing grain
B. Harvesting crops
C. Treating seeds
D. Covering soil

17 What is the primary role of Jeevamrit in natural farming?

Main pillars of natural farming Easy
A. Drying harvested grain
B. Increasing soil salinity
C. Supporting microbial activity
D. Removing crop residues

18 In natural farming, the practice called Acchadana refers to what?

Main pillars of natural farming Easy
A. Soil mulching
B. Grain storage
C. Crop harvesting
D. Seed treatment

19 Who is widely associated with the development of Zero Budget Natural Farming in India?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Easy
A. J. C. Bose
B. Subhash Palekar
C. Norman Borlaug
D. M. S. Swaminathan

20 Which natural farming school is associated with Masanobu Fukuoka?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Easy
A. Hydroponic farming
B. Precision farming
C. Do-nothing farming
D. Plantation farming

21 Greek accounts described parts of ancient India as producing more than one crop annually. Which combination most directly explains this observation?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Medium
A. Seasonal rainfall and irrigation facilities
B. Single cropping and prolonged fallowing
C. Permanent snow cover and terrace walls
D. Imported seed and synthetic fertilizer

22 Megasthenes reported that cultivators generally continued farming even during conflicts. What does this observation most strongly indicate?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Medium
A. Cultivators served mainly as military personnel
B. Agricultural production depended on imported labour
C. Farms were located only inside fortified cities
D. Agriculture received social and political protection

23 A historian compares travellers' reports of tanks, wells, canals, and seasonal crops from different regions of India. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Medium
A. Rainfall had no influence on traditional agriculture
B. Every region followed an identical irrigation system
C. Indian agriculture used locally adapted water-management systems
D. Cultivation was limited to areas beside major rivers

24 A farmer replaces synthetic fertilizer with purchased organic fertilizer but otherwise maintains an input-intensive monoculture. Why is this not fully consistent with natural farming?

Concept of natural farming Medium
A. It completely eliminates nutrient recycling within the field
B. It requires cultivation without any crop residues
C. It substitutes inputs without redesigning the farm ecosystem
D. It necessarily prevents all biological pest control

25 Which farm decision best represents the concept of natural farming?

Concept of natural farming Medium
A. Depending on routine pesticide sprays for prevention
B. Recycling biomass and supporting soil organisms
C. Removing all non-crop organisms from the field
D. Maximizing soluble fertilizer application each season

26 A smallholder faces rising prices of fertilizer and pesticides. Which natural-farming objective most directly addresses this problem?

Objectives of natural farming Medium
A. Standardizing production through a single crop
B. Increasing the frequency of chemical applications
C. Reducing dependence on purchased external inputs
D. Replacing family labour with imported machinery

27 A farm maintains yields during a dry year because its soil stores more water and its cropping system contains several species. Which objective of natural farming is demonstrated?

Objectives of natural farming Medium
A. Eliminating the need for all farm management
B. Improving ecological resilience to climate stress
C. Achieving complete control over seasonal rainfall
D. Promoting uniformity across the entire landscape

28 Which indicator would best evaluate whether natural farming is improving both farmer welfare and environmental health?

Objectives of natural farming Medium
A. Net income together with soil biological activity
B. Market price together with seed colour
C. Gross yield together with pesticide expenditure
D. Tractor use together with field size

29 Crop residues are available after harvest, but the farmer usually burns them. Which alternative is most consistent with natural-farming principles?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Medium
A. Remove them permanently from the farm ecosystem
B. Mix them with a persistent chemical herbicide
C. Retain them as mulch or recycle them biologically
D. Burn them before every irrigation event

30 A pest appears in one section of a naturally managed field. Which response best follows the principle of ecological balance?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Medium
A. Destroy all insects without identifying their roles
B. Monitor damage and encourage biological regulation
C. Apply a broad-spectrum pesticide to every field
D. Remove every flowering plant from field borders

31 Why is crop diversity considered an essential characteristic of natural farming?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Medium
A. It makes all soils chemically identical
B. It spreads risk and supports ecological interactions
C. It removes the need to observe field conditions
D. It guarantees equal yields from every crop

32 Which situation offers the strongest scope for natural farming in a rainfed village?

Scope and importance of natural farming Medium
A. Farmers aim to eliminate all crop and livestock diversity
B. Farms rely on assured imports of soluble nutrients
C. Farms have local biomass but limited cash for inputs
D. Fields remain permanently waterlogged throughout the year

33 Natural farming is proposed for a watershed suffering from runoff and soil erosion. Which practice would provide the most direct benefit?

Scope and importance of natural farming Medium
A. Maintaining mulch and continuous ground cover
B. Keeping soil bare between widely spaced crops
C. Increasing deep tillage along the slope
D. Burning residues before the rainy season

34 A farmer wants to treat seeds with a locally prepared microbial formulation before sowing. Which main pillar should be selected?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Jivamrita
B. Acchadana
C. Bijamrita
D. Waaphasa

35 Which main pillar is applied mainly to stimulate microbial activity in the soil using a fermented preparation?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Jivamrita
B. Acchadana
C. Waaphasa
D. Bijamrita

36 A field loses moisture rapidly and develops a hard surface after irrigation. Which pillar most directly addresses these problems?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Acchadana
B. Jivamrita
C. Bijamrita
D. Waaphasa

37 In natural farming, Waaphasa is best promoted by which irrigation strategy?

Main pillars of natural farming Medium
A. Sealing soil pores after every irrigation
B. Drying the soil until plants permanently wilt
C. Applying limited water while preserving soil aeration
D. Keeping the root zone continuously flooded

38 A contemporary natural farmer integrates trees, crops, animals, water harvesting, and habitat zones according to their relationships. Which approach does this most closely represent?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Medium
A. Input-substitution farming
B. Continuous monocropping
C. Permaculture design
D. Hydroponic production

39 Which feature most clearly distinguishes Fukuoka's natural farming approach from an intensive tillage system?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Medium
A. Exclusive production under controlled indoor conditions
B. Routine use of soluble fertilizers and pesticides
C. Frequent ploughing and complete residue removal
D. Minimal soil disturbance and reliance on natural cycles

40 A farmer uses Bijamrita, Jivamrita, mulching, and moisture management as an integrated package. This package is most closely associated with which school?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Medium
A. Hydroponic farming
B. Homa farming
C. Biodynamic farming
D. Subhash Palekar Natural Farming

41 A historian uses Megasthenes' account to claim that ancient Indian agriculture was uniformly prosperous and free from crop failure. Which evaluation is methodologically strongest?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Hard
A. Generalize the claim only to regions that cultivated two crops in every recorded year
B. Accept the claim because an ambassador's account is necessarily representative
C. Reject the claim because foreign travellers never observed agricultural practices directly
D. Treat the account as evidence but compare it with regional, archaeological, and climatic records

42 Greek accounts associated agricultural abundance in India with seasonal rainfall, river irrigation, and the possibility of more than one harvest. Which inference best connects these observations?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Hard
A. Seasonal rainfall made irrigation institutions economically unnecessary in cultivated regions
B. Two harvests implied that every field remained continuously flooded throughout the year
C. River irrigation eliminated the agricultural significance of monsoon variability
D. Multiple water sources reduced seasonal constraints and supported intensive cropping

43 A later traveller describes both highly productive irrigated tracts and severe burdens on cultivators. What does this combination most clearly demonstrate?

Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers Hard
A. Irrigation automatically transfers all agricultural surplus to village cultivators
B. Productive landscapes cannot coexist with unequal systems of revenue extraction
C. Cultivator hardship proves that reported agricultural productivity was entirely fabricated
D. High biological productivity does not necessarily imply secure cultivator livelihoods

44 Two farms eliminate synthetic fertilizers. Farm X imports large quantities of certified organic manure, while Farm Y relies mainly on on-farm biomass, diverse crops, microbial preparations, and minimal soil disturbance. Which distinction is most defensible?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Hard
A. Farm Y more closely reflects natural farming's emphasis on ecological self-reliance
B. Farm Y cannot be natural because microbial preparations involve deliberate management
C. Both systems are identical because neither applies synthetic fertilizer
D. Farm X better reflects natural farming because certification requires purchased manure

45 A farmer adopts natural farming on one hectare but retains conventional production on another. Which comparison would best isolate the effect of the farming system?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Hard
A. Compare adjacent matched plots using replicated measurements across several seasons
B. Compare produce prices from different markets while ignoring yield and input expenditure
C. Compare total farm income before and after adoption without recording crop composition
D. Compare one natural plot this year with the conventional plot's best historical yield

46 A contemporary natural-farming programme reports lower purchased-input costs but also lower yield during conversion. Which indicator best evaluates short-term economic viability?

Contemporary ways of natural farming Hard
A. Input cost alone, because natural farming is defined by expenditure reduction
B. Yield alone, because input savings do not affect household returns
C. Market price alone, because production costs remain fixed during conversion
D. Net return after accounting for yield, price, labour, and purchased inputs

47 Which statement most accurately distinguishes natural farming from simple input substitution?

Concept of natural farming Hard
A. It redesigns farm processes so ecological interactions perform more production functions
B. It avoids all human intervention and allows crops to compete without management
C. It replaces every synthetic input with an externally purchased biological equivalent
D. It requires a universal package that remains unchanged across agroecological regions

48 A farm uses no synthetic agrochemicals but repeatedly removes crop residues, maintains bare soil, grows a single crop, and imports all nutrients. Why is its classification as natural farming questionable?

Concept of natural farming Hard
A. Chemical exclusion alone does not establish recycling, diversity, or soil-cover principles
B. Imported nutrients are prohibited only when they originate from plant materials
C. Natural farming requires synthetic fertilizers whenever residues are removed
D. Monoculture qualifies as natural farming whenever pesticide residues remain undetectable

49 A proposed intervention increases first-year yield by 8% but raises external-input dependence, reduces soil organic matter, and increases debt exposure. Under natural-farming objectives, how should it be assessed?

Objectives of natural farming Hard
A. Accepted because immediate yield overrides ecological and financial considerations
B. Questioned because short-term yield conflicts with resilience and self-reliance objectives
C. Questioned only if the harvested produce fails statutory food-safety standards
D. Accepted because external inputs are compatible whenever crop output increases

50 Which outcome set provides the strongest evidence that a natural-farming transition is meeting both ecological and livelihood objectives?

Objectives of natural farming Hard
A. Premium prices, declining soil carbon, greater pest outbreaks, and higher borrowing
B. Higher yield, greater fertilizer purchase, lower crop diversity, and unchanged debt
C. Lower labour use, higher irrigation demand, greater specialization, and stable yield
D. Stable net income, improved soil cover, lower input dependence, and greater diversity

51 After heavy rain, two comparable fields show different outcomes. The mulched, minimally disturbed field has less runoff and retains more plant-available moisture. Which mechanism best explains the difference?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Hard
A. Mulch increases runoff so that deeper soil layers remain protected from saturation
B. Mulch seals surface pores and therefore accelerates infiltration into compacted soil
C. Minimal disturbance prevents all evaporation and permanently eliminates water stress
D. Minimal disturbance and cover protect aggregates and improve infiltration and storage

52 A farmer observes rising pest damage after replacing a mixed cropping system with a large single-species stand, despite continuing natural pest preparations. Which principle was most directly weakened?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Hard
A. Functional biodiversity as a basis for ecological pest regulation
B. Complete residue removal as a basis for disease suppression
C. Permanent soil saturation as a basis for nutrient mineralization
D. Uniform crop genetics as a basis for predator conservation

53 Which management decision best applies the principle that soil should function as a living ecosystem rather than merely as a nutrient-holding medium?

Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming Hard
A. Maintain roots, return biomass, limit disturbance, and support microbial activity
B. Remove organic residues to prevent microorganisms from competing with crop roots
C. Apply soluble nutrients according only to the crop's estimated elemental demand
D. Sterilize the soil before each crop and then inoculate one selected organism

54 In a drought-prone district, which finding would most strongly support scaling natural farming as a climate-resilience strategy?

Scope and importance of natural farming Hard
A. Produce receives a premium in one distant market during the first season
B. A single demonstration plot records the district's highest yield in a wet year
C. Farmers purchase more biological inputs while maintaining their previous crop pattern
D. Participating farms maintain more stable returns across dry and normal seasons

55 Which conclusion about the scope of natural farming is most defensible across heterogeneous Indian agroecosystems?

Scope and importance of natural farming Hard
A. Its principles can be broad, but practices require location-specific adaptation
B. One fixed protocol should produce identical outcomes in every soil and climate
C. It is relevant only where livestock are continuously housed beside crop fields
D. Its value can be established without measuring transition costs or yield risks

56 A field receives Jeevamrit regularly but remains bare between widely spaced crop rows, leading to rapid moisture loss and surface crusting. Which pillar is most directly missing?

Main pillars of natural farming Hard
A. Beejamrit, because seed treatment alone prevents soil-water evaporation
B. Whapasa, because continuous flooding is required to maintain soil aeration
C. Acchadana, because soil cover moderates moisture and surface conditions
D. Jeevamrit, because increasing its dose necessarily creates physical soil cover

57 A farmer treats seed with Beejamrit, applies Jeevamrit, and mulches the field, but keeps the root zone continuously waterlogged. Which pillar's intended condition is most clearly violated?

Main pillars of natural farming Hard
A. Acchadana, which permits mulch only under completely dry soil conditions
B. Whapasa, which emphasizes a favourable balance of soil air and moisture
C. Beejamrit, which requires seeds to remain dry throughout germination
D. Jeevamrit, which requires the permanent exclusion of water from soil

58 Which mapping of the commonly described natural-farming pillars to their primary functions is correct?

Main pillars of natural farming Hard
A. Beejamrit-irrigation; Jeevamrit-mulching; Acchadana-seed storage; Whapasa-pest trapping
B. Beejamrit-soil cover; Jeevamrit-seed treatment; Acchadana-aeration; Whapasa-inoculation
C. Beejamrit-composting; Jeevamrit-tillage; Acchadana-flooding; Whapasa-fertilizer placement
D. Beejamrit-seed treatment; Jeevamrit-biological stimulation; Acchadana-cover; Whapasa-air-moisture balance

59 Which comparison correctly distinguishes Masanobu Fukuoka's natural farming from a preparation-centred natural-farming package?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Hard
A. Fukuoka emphasized minimal intervention, while preparation-centred systems prescribe selected farm-made formulations
B. Fukuoka depended on soluble fertilizers, while preparation-centred systems depend on imported compost
C. Fukuoka emphasized intensive tillage, while preparation-centred systems prohibit biological soil activity
D. Fukuoka excluded crop diversity, while preparation-centred systems require permanent monoculture

60 A researcher compares Zero Budget Natural Farming, Rishi Kheti, and Fukuoka-style farming. Which analytical framework avoids falsely treating them as identical?

Methods, types and schools of natural farming Hard
A. Assume their methods are interchangeable because all reject synthetic fertilizers
B. Compare their input sources, intervention levels, soil practices, and ecological assumptions
C. Classify them only by whether their practitioners use the term "natural"
D. Rank them solely by first-season yield under one irrigated crop