D.Removing excess water from the field through a drainage system
Correct Answer: Gathering the mature crop from the field
Explanation:
Harvesting is the operation of gathering a mature crop from the field.
Incorrect! Try again.
2Which hand tool is commonly used for manually harvesting cereal crops?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Easy
A.Harrow
B.Cultivator
C.Mouldboard plough with an adjustable furrow-width mechanism
D.Sickle
Correct Answer: Sickle
Explanation:
A sickle has a curved blade and is commonly used to cut cereal crops manually.
Incorrect! Try again.
3Which machine cuts a crop and places it in a row on the field?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Easy
A.Power-operated sprayer
B.Seed drill
C.Reaper
D.Thresher
Correct Answer: Reaper
Explanation:
A reaper cuts the standing crop and places the cut material in rows for collection.
Incorrect! Try again.
4What is the main advantage of mechanical harvesting over manual harvesting?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Easy
A.It increases seed germination
B.It changes the harvested grain into a processed food product
C.It eliminates crop moisture
D.It completes the work faster
Correct Answer: It completes the work faster
Explanation:
Mechanical harvesting covers more area in less time and reduces labor requirements.
Incorrect! Try again.
5A crop should generally be harvested when it has reached:
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Easy
A.Maximum flowering
B.The stage when every leaf remains completely green and tender
C.Early germination
D.Proper maturity
Correct Answer: Proper maturity
Explanation:
Harvesting at proper maturity helps obtain good yield and grain quality.
Incorrect! Try again.
6What is the primary function of a thresher?
Threshers: types, working and components
Easy
A.Separating grain from the harvested crop
B.Cutting furrows for seed placement
C.Transporting harvested produce over long distances to a processing facility
D.Spraying chemicals over standing crops
Correct Answer: Separating grain from the harvested crop
Explanation:
A thresher separates grain or seed from stalks, ears, or pods.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Which component performs most of the threshing action in a conventional thresher?
Threshers: types, working and components
Easy
A.Long adjustable drawbar used for connecting the machine to a tractor
B.Feeding platform
C.Threshing cylinder
D.Transport wheel
Correct Answer: Threshing cylinder
Explanation:
The rotating threshing cylinder applies impact and rubbing action to detach the grain.
Incorrect! Try again.
8What is the function of the concave in a thresher?
Threshers: types, working and components
Easy
A.It raises the crop-cutting height
B.It supports threshing and allows grain to pass
C.It supplies fuel to the engine
D.It stores all cleaned grain until the harvesting season is complete
Correct Answer: It supports threshing and allows grain to pass
Explanation:
The concave works with the cylinder to thresh the crop and permits separated grain to pass through its openings.
Incorrect! Try again.
9Which thresher component removes light chaff using airflow?
Threshers: types, working and components
Easy
A.Crop-feeding chute
B.Concave
C.Cylinder
D.Blower
Correct Answer: Blower
Explanation:
The blower produces airflow that carries away lighter materials such as chaff.
Incorrect! Try again.
10A spike-tooth thresher is named after the spikes fitted on its:
Threshers: types, working and components
Easy
A.Cylinder
B.Main frame
C.Grain outlet
D.Long crop-dividing attachment at the front of the harvesting unit
Correct Answer: Cylinder
Explanation:
A spike-tooth thresher has projecting spikes fitted on the rotating threshing cylinder.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Why is a combine harvester called a "combine"?
Combine harvester and its working
Easy
A.It combines spraying, weeding, and transport
B.It combines ploughing, sowing, and irrigation
C.It combines reaping, threshing, and cleaning
D.It combines soil testing with fertilizer production and long-term grain storage
Correct Answer: It combines reaping, threshing, and cleaning
Explanation:
A combine performs reaping, threshing, separation, and cleaning in one continuous operation.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Which part of a combine harvester cuts the standing crop?
Combine harvester and its working
Easy
A.Grain tank
B.Cutter bar
C.Threshing concave
D.Cleaning fan
Correct Answer: Cutter bar
Explanation:
The cutter bar uses reciprocating knife sections to cut the standing crop.
Incorrect! Try again.
13What does the reel of a combine harvester do?
Combine harvester and its working
Easy
A.Provides the complete threshing action by rotating against the concave
B.Guides the standing crop toward the cutter bar
C.Stores the cleaned grain during operation
D.Separates stones from the harvested crop
Correct Answer: Guides the standing crop toward the cutter bar
Explanation:
The reel gently guides standing crop toward the cutter bar and feeding mechanism.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Where is cleaned grain temporarily stored in a combine harvester?
Combine harvester and its working
Easy
A.Crop divider
B.Grain tank
C.Cleaning shoe
D.Straw walker
Correct Answer: Grain tank
Explanation:
After separation and cleaning, the grain is collected temporarily in the grain tank.
Incorrect! Try again.
15What is the main function of straw walkers in a conventional combine harvester?
Combine harvester and its working
Easy
A.Conveying clean grain into transport bags
B.Separating remaining grain from straw
C.Cutting the standing crop near the ground
D.Measuring soil moisture across the field before the crop is harvested
Correct Answer: Separating remaining grain from straw
Explanation:
Straw walkers shake the straw so that remaining loose grain falls through for further cleaning.
Incorrect! Try again.
16A reaper covers hectares in hours. What is its effective field capacity?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Effective field capacity is .
Incorrect! Try again.
17A combine harvests at a rate of . How much area will it harvest in hours?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Area harvested is .
Incorrect! Try again.
18A machine has a theoretical field capacity of and an effective field capacity of . What is its field efficiency?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Field efficiency is .
Incorrect! Try again.
19How much time is required to harvest at an effective field capacity of ?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Time required is .
Incorrect! Try again.
20A tractor develops a drawbar pull of while moving at . What is its drawbar power?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Power is .
Incorrect! Try again.
21A wheat crop has mature grains, but its straw is still slightly green and moist. Which harvesting approach is most suitable when field drying is required before threshing?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Medium
A.Direct combining in one pass
B.Windrowing followed by combining
C.Stripping followed by immediate storage
D.Stationary threshing before cutting
Correct Answer: Windrowing followed by combining
Explanation:
Windrowing cuts and places the crop in rows for field drying before it is picked up and threshed by a combine.
Incorrect! Try again.
22During mechanical harvesting, many grains remain attached to uncut heads after the machine passes. Which adjustment should be checked first?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Medium
A.Increase the stubble height
B.Increase the concave clearance
C.Reduce the cleaning-air speed
D.Lower the cutter-bar height
Correct Answer: Lower the cutter-bar height
Explanation:
Uncut heads indicate that the cutter bar is operating too high. Lowering it allows the machine to cut below the crop heads.
Incorrect! Try again.
23Which harvesting method removes mainly the grain-bearing portion while leaving most of the standing straw in the field?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Medium
A.Strip harvesting
B.Mower harvesting
C.Whole-crop harvesting
D.Windrow harvesting
Correct Answer: Strip harvesting
Explanation:
A stripper header removes grains or grain-bearing heads while leaving most of the stems standing.
Incorrect! Try again.
24A farmer delays cereal harvesting well beyond physiological maturity during dry weather. Which field loss is most likely to increase?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Medium
A.Shattering loss
B.Cylinder loss
C.Sieve loss
D.Concave loss
Correct Answer: Shattering loss
Explanation:
Overripe and dry grains detach easily because of wind or machine contact, increasing pre-harvest and header shattering losses.
Incorrect! Try again.
25Why is a reciprocating cutter bar commonly fitted with crop dividers at both ends of a grain header?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Medium
A.To regulate the grain flow entering the cleaning shoe
B.To separate the standing crop from the harvested swath
C.To increase the speed of the knife sections
D.To reduce the moisture content of the harvested grain
Correct Answer: To separate the standing crop from the harvested swath
Explanation:
Crop dividers separate the material being cut from the adjacent standing crop, reducing entanglement and crop damage.
Incorrect! Try again.
26In a tangential-flow thresher, how does the crop primarily move through the threshing unit?
Threshers: types, working and components
Medium
A.Axially along the full length of the rotor
B.Tangentially across the cylinder and concave
C.Radially outward through the grain tank
D.Vertically through the blower and sieves
Correct Answer: Tangentially across the cylinder and concave
Explanation:
In a tangential-flow thresher, material passes across the cylinder-concave gap in a direction mainly tangential to the cylinder.
Incorrect! Try again.
27A thresher produces excessive broken grain while leaving very little unthreshed grain. Which adjustment is most appropriate?
Threshers: types, working and components
Medium
A.Reduce feed rate or close the lower sieve
B.Increase concave clearance or reduce cylinder speed
C.Decrease concave clearance or increase cylinder speed
D.Close the upper sieve or increase blower speed
Correct Answer: Increase concave clearance or reduce cylinder speed
Explanation:
Excessive cylinder speed or insufficient concave clearance increases impact and rubbing, causing grain breakage.
Incorrect! Try again.
28After threshing, a sample contains many light chaff particles mixed with otherwise clean grain. Which component setting should be examined first?
Threshers: types, working and components
Medium
A.Blower air velocity
B.Prime-mover speed ratio
C.Cylinder-concave clearance
D.Feeding-chute length
Correct Answer: Blower air velocity
Explanation:
The blower separates light chaff from heavier grain. Insufficient air velocity can allow chaff to remain in the grain sample.
Incorrect! Try again.
29What is the primary function of the concave in a cylinder-type thresher?
Threshers: types, working and components
Medium
A.To provide a rubbing surface and permit separated grain to pass
B.To produce airflow for removing chaff from the grain
C.To convey clean grain from the sieve to the grain tank
D.To cut standing stalks before they enter the cylinder
Correct Answer: To provide a rubbing surface and permit separated grain to pass
Explanation:
Threshing occurs between the rotating cylinder and stationary concave, while separated grain falls through the concave openings.
Incorrect! Try again.
30A thresher leaves many grains attached to the ear heads in the discharged straw. Assuming the feed rate is normal, which adjustment is most suitable?
Threshers: types, working and components
Medium
A.Reduce sieve opening or increase blower speed
B.Increase cylinder speed or reduce concave clearance
C.Reduce cylinder speed or increase concave clearance
D.Increase sieve opening or reduce blower speed
Correct Answer: Increase cylinder speed or reduce concave clearance
Explanation:
More cylinder speed or less concave clearance increases threshing intensity and helps detach grains from the heads.
Incorrect! Try again.
31Which sequence correctly represents the major operations performed by a conventional combine harvester?
The crop is first cut and fed into the machine, then threshed, separated from straw, cleaned, and collected.
Incorrect! Try again.
32In a conventional combine, what is the main role of the straw walkers?
Combine harvester and its working
Medium
A.Remove fine chaff using forced air
B.Detach grain from standing crop heads
C.Recover remaining grain from the straw
D.Transfer clean grain into the tank
Correct Answer: Recover remaining grain from the straw
Explanation:
Straw walkers agitate and convey the straw rearward so that remaining loose grain falls through for cleaning.
Incorrect! Try again.
33A combine is losing clean grain over the rear of the sieves, and the tailings return is low. Which condition is the most likely cause?
Combine harvester and its working
Medium
A.Blower speed is too high
B.Reel speed is too slow
C.Cylinder speed is too low
D.Concave clearance is too small
Correct Answer: Blower speed is too high
Explanation:
Excessive airflow can blow clean grain out of the cleaning shoe and over the rear of the sieves.
Incorrect! Try again.
34A combine reel is rotating much faster than the machine's forward speed in a standing cereal crop. What problem is most likely?
Combine harvester and its working
Medium
A.Increased grain loss through sieves
B.Increased header shattering loss
C.Excessive recirculation through tailings
D.Incomplete threshing at the concave
Correct Answer: Increased header shattering loss
Explanation:
An excessively fast reel strikes the crop aggressively and may knock mature grains to the ground before they enter the header.
Incorrect! Try again.
35Why is the concave clearance of a combine often set wider at the rear than at the front?
Combine harvester and its working
Medium
A.To provide progressive threshing and smoother material flow
B.To increase reel contact with the standing crop
C.To prevent clean grain from reaching the upper sieve
D.To direct more cleaning air toward the grain tank
Correct Answer: To provide progressive threshing and smoother material flow
Explanation:
A suitable clearance profile allows effective initial threshing while maintaining material flow and limiting excessive grain damage.
Incorrect! Try again.
36A harvester has a cutting width of and operates at . What is its theoretical field capacity?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Theoretical field capacity is .
Incorrect! Try again.
37A combine has a theoretical field capacity of and a field efficiency of . How long will it take to harvest ?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Effective capacity is . Therefore, time is .
Incorrect! Try again.
38A wide combine travels at and achieves an effective field capacity of . What is its field efficiency?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Theoretical capacity is . Field efficiency is .
Incorrect! Try again.
39A harvesting machine develops a draft of while moving at . What drawbar power is required?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Drawbar power is when force is in kN and speed is in .
Incorrect! Try again.
40A combine harvests at an effective capacity of and consumes of fuel. How much fuel is required to harvest ?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Harvesting time is . Fuel required is .
Incorrect! Try again.
41A combine is harvesting a lodged cereal crop at with a reel-speed index of , where reel-speed index is the ratio of reel peripheral speed to forward speed. If forward speed is reduced to , what reel peripheral speed preserves the same index?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The required reel speed is . Maintaining the index preserves the reel's crop-gathering action relative to travel speed.
Incorrect! Try again.
42A reciprocating cutter bar has a knife stroke of and operates at complete cycles per minute. Neglecting velocity variation within each stroke, what is its mean knife speed?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The knife travels twice the stroke per cycle, so .
Incorrect! Try again.
43Loss samples show of grain on the ground before harvesting, behind the header with the separator disengaged, and behind the operating combine. Which allocation is correct?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Hard
A.Preharvest , header , separator
B.Preharvest , header , separator
C.Preharvest , header , separator
D.Preharvest , header , separator
Correct Answer: Preharvest , header , separator
Explanation:
Header loss is , while separator loss is . Preharvest grain must be subtracted from subsequent ground samples.
Incorrect! Try again.
44A farmer must harvest a dense, tangled forage crop containing occasional stones while minimizing soil contamination and avoiding severe plugging. Which machine-feature combination is most appropriate?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Hard
A.Rigid cutter bar with removed guards and maximum knife speed
B.Flail mower with low rotor height and maximum forward speed
C.Reciprocating mower with adjustable guards and moderate forward speed
D.Smooth roller crusher with narrow clearance and high field speed
Correct Answer: Reciprocating mower with adjustable guards and moderate forward speed
Explanation:
A guarded reciprocating cutter provides controlled shearing and can be raised to reduce stone contact and soil intake. Moderate travel speed limits plugging in tangled material.
Incorrect! Try again.
45During direct combining, reducing grain moisture lowers incomplete threshing but sharply increases header shatter. Which change best addresses the dominant new loss without unnecessarily intensifying threshing?
Fundamentals and types of harvesting
Hard
A.Increase fan speed and close the lower sieve
B.Increase cylinder speed and reduce concave clearance
C.Reduce reel index and harvest during more humid hours
D.Lower the cutter bar and increase reel speed
Correct Answer: Reduce reel index and harvest during more humid hours
Explanation:
Dry, brittle heads shatter under aggressive reel action. A lower reel index and harvesting when humidity is higher reduce impact and shatter without increasing cylinder damage.
Incorrect! Try again.
46A thresher cylinder of diameter must provide a peripheral speed of . What cylinder speed is required, to the nearest revolution per minute?
Threshers: types, working and components
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Using gives .
Incorrect! Try again.
47A spike-tooth thresher produces many cracked kernels while the straw still contains unthreshed heads. Cylinder speed and concave clearance are uniform and within the manual's normal range. Which condition most plausibly explains both symptoms occurring together?
Threshers: types, working and components
Hard
A.Excessive sieve opening returns all clean grain as tailings
B.Low fan speed increases impact between grain and cylinder teeth
C.High fan speed prevents heads from entering the concave
D.Uneven feeding creates alternating slugs and underloaded intervals
Correct Answer: Uneven feeding creates alternating slugs and underloaded intervals
Explanation:
Slugs overload the threshing zone and leave heads unthreshed, while lightly fed intervals expose kernels to excessive impact. Uniform feeding is essential for consistent threshing.
Incorrect! Try again.
48Clean grain is being blown out with chaff, but the sample entering the grain outlet is otherwise clean. Which adjustment should be attempted first while keeping sieve settings unchanged?
Threshers: types, working and components
Hard
A.Increase cylinder speed in small increments
B.Reduce concave clearance in small increments
C.Increase feeder speed in small increments
D.Decrease blower airflow in small increments
Correct Answer: Decrease blower airflow in small increments
Explanation:
Grain carried with chaff indicates that air velocity exceeds the suspension requirement for some kernels. A small airflow reduction targets this loss directly.
Incorrect! Try again.
49A thresher handles of crop with a grain-to-straw mass ratio of . If of grain remains unthreshed, what is the threshing efficiency?
Threshers: types, working and components
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Grain input is . Thus efficiency is .
Incorrect! Try again.
50Compared with a tangential-flow cylinder of similar width, why can an axial-flow threshing unit often achieve effective threshing at a less aggressive instantaneous setting?
Threshers: types, working and components
Hard
A.Grain is detached mainly by cutting between stationary knives
B.Crop bypasses the concave and separates entirely by fan action
C.Crop receives repeated rubbing during a longer helical residence path
D.Straw reverses direction repeatedly across multiple cleaning sieves
Correct Answer: Crop receives repeated rubbing during a longer helical residence path
Explanation:
Axial-flow units retain crop around the rotor through a helical path, providing repeated threshing and separation opportunities without relying only on one severe impact zone.
Incorrect! Try again.
51Which sequence correctly traces the dominant crop and grain flow through a conventional combine after the cutter bar severs the crop?
Combine harvester and its working
Hard
A.Feeder house, cleaning shoe, cylinder-concave, straw walkers, grain tank
B.Cylinder-concave, feeder house, cleaning shoe, straw walkers, grain tank
C.Feeder house, cylinder-concave, straw walkers, cleaning shoe, grain tank
The feeder conveys crop to the threshing unit; walkers separate remaining grain from straw, and the cleaning shoe cleans grain before it reaches the tank.
Incorrect! Try again.
52A combine's tailings return is overloaded, the grain tank sample contains unthreshed spikelets, and little clean grain is found behind the cleaning shoe. Which adjustment most directly addresses the underlying problem?
Combine harvester and its working
Hard
A.Reduce cleaning airflow moderately before changing reel settings
B.Increase threshing intensity moderately before changing sieve settings
C.Increase fan speed substantially before changing concave settings
D.Close the upper sieve fully before changing cylinder settings
Correct Answer: Increase threshing intensity moderately before changing sieve settings
Explanation:
Unthreshed spikelets are being rejected into the tailings circuit. A moderate cylinder-speed increase or concave-clearance reduction addresses incomplete threshing at its source.
Incorrect! Try again.
53A conventional combine shows low cylinder loss but high grain concentration near the rear of the straw walkers. The loss rises sharply when crop throughput increases. Which action is most likely to reduce the loss?
Combine harvester and its working
Hard
A.Reduce forward speed to lower the material layer on the walkers
B.Increase reel speed to accelerate crop entry into the feeder
C.Close the concave to transfer more straw onto the walkers
D.Close the sieves to retain grain on the cleaning shoe
Correct Answer: Reduce forward speed to lower the material layer on the walkers
Explanation:
A thick straw mat restricts grain migration through the walkers. Lowering feed rate reduces mat depth and allows more time and area for separation.
Incorrect! Try again.
54Why is a hydrostatic ground drive especially useful when harvesting a field with rapidly varying crop density?
Combine harvester and its working
Hard
A.It varies cylinder speed automatically while travel speed remains stable
B.It maintains constant wheel slip by locking the differential permanently
C.It synchronizes reel speed mechanically with cleaning-fan speed
D.It varies travel speed continuously while threshing speed remains stable
Correct Answer: It varies travel speed continuously while threshing speed remains stable
Explanation:
The operator can match feed rate to crop density without disrupting PTO- or engine-driven threshing and cleaning speeds.
Incorrect! Try again.
55On a side slope, grain and chaff accumulate on the downhill side of a conventional cleaning shoe, causing grain loss despite adequate total sieve area. Which feature most directly corrects this mechanism?
Combine harvester and its working
Hard
A.A self-leveling shoe or active cross-slope compensation system
B.A variable-speed reel with automatic fore-and-aft positioning
C.A larger grain tank with a centrally located unloading auger
D.A wider concave with independently adjustable cylinder bars
Correct Answer: A self-leveling shoe or active cross-slope compensation system
Explanation:
Cross-slope compensation redistributes material over the sieve width, restoring effective cleaning area and reducing downhill-side overloading.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A combine operates at with a field efficiency of . Approximately how many hours are required to harvest ?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Effective capacity is . Time is .
Incorrect! Try again.
57A thresher shaft requires a torque of at . If transmission efficiency from tractor PTO to the shaft is , what minimum PTO power is required?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Shaft power is . Required PTO power is .
Incorrect! Try again.
58Owning a combine incurs annual fixed costs of and variable costs of . Custom harvesting costs . Ignoring timeliness effects, at what annual area are the two alternatives equal in cost?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
At break-even, . Therefore .
Incorrect! Try again.
59A harvesting machine has a theoretical travel speed of , wheel slip of , and field efficiency of . How long will it take to cover ?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Actual speed is . Capacity is , so time is .
Incorrect! Try again.
60A crop yields . Sampling indicates preharvest loss of , an additional header loss of , and an additional separator-cleaning loss of . What percentage of potential yield is lost in total?
Numerical problems based on farm power and machinery
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Total loss is . Relative to , the loss is .
Incorrect! Try again.
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