Unit 3: Classification of Nematodes - Practice Quiz

1 Which family contains the root-knot nematode genus Meloidogyne?

2 The cyst nematode genus Heterodera belongs to which family?

3 Which family includes the lesion nematode genus Pratylenchus?

4 The citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans belongs to which family?

5 Which family contains the seed-gall nematode genus Anguina?

6 The burrowing nematode genus Radopholus is placed in which family?

7 Which family includes the economically important lance nematode genus Hoplolaimus?

8 The dagger nematode genus Xiphinema belongs to which family?

9 Which family contains the stubby-root nematode genus Trichodorus?

10 The foliar nematode genus Aphelenchoides belongs to which family?

11 Root-knot, cyst, and lesion nematodes are traditionally grouped under which important order?

12 The dagger nematode genus Xiphinema is classified under which order?

13 The foliar nematode genus Aphelenchoides is traditionally placed in which order?

14 Which order includes many plant-parasitic nematodes possessing a tylenchoid stylet?

15 What is a nematode called when it feeds on plant roots while remaining outside the root tissue?

16 What is a nematode called when its entire body enters plant tissue for feeding?

17 Which term describes a nematode that moves through plant tissue while feeding?

18 Adult females of root-knot nematodes are classified by parasitic habit as:

19 Nematodes that obtain food mainly from fungi are known as:

20 Nematodes that feed mainly on bacteria are classified as:

21 A nematode that forms permanent feeding sites inside plant roots and induces giant cells is most likely associated with which family?

22 Which family includes the cyst-forming nematodes that produce durable egg-filled cysts from the female body?

23 A nematode recovered from roots causes cortical lesions while continuing to migrate through the tissue. Which family is the most likely classification?

24 Which family is most closely associated with dagger and needle nematodes that can transmit some plant viruses?

25 A nematode has a heavily annulated body and feeds mainly from outside young roots using a short, robust stylet. Which family best fits this description?

26 Which family contains important nematodes that feed on fungi and may also damage leaves, buds, or stems of plants?

27 A nematode population includes lance nematodes with a large, strong stylet and mostly migratory feeding behavior in roots. Which family should be considered?

28 Which family includes nematodes such as Ditylenchus, some of which invade stems, bulbs, and seeds?

29 A plant-parasitic nematode has a well-developed stylet and belongs to the order that contains root-knot, cyst, lesion, and many other major plant parasites. Which order is most likely?

30 Which order is most relevant when identifying dagger, needle, and stubby-root nematodes that may act as virus vectors?

31 A nematode isolated from leaves feeds on plant cells and has features typical of Aphelenchoides. Which order should be assigned?

32 Which order is most commonly associated with free-living bacterial feeders rather than the major stylet-bearing plant parasites?

33 A nematode is identified as a predatory dorylaim with a large buccal cavity and teeth. Which order and feeding role combination is most appropriate?

34 Which pairing correctly matches an economically important plant-parasitic genus with its order?

35 A nematode remains outside the root, inserts its stylet into root cells, and feeds without entering the plant tissue. How should its parasitic habit be classified?

36 A nematode enters the root, moves through the cortex, and feeds at multiple sites during its life. Which classification best describes it?

37 A female nematode becomes swollen and remains at one feeding site inside the root for most of its life. Which habit is indicated?

38 A nematode has only its anterior portion embedded in the root while the posterior body remains outside. Which parasitic category applies?

39 A nematode consumes bacteria in decomposing organic matter and lacks a stylet. Which feeding group does it represent?

40 A nematode feeds on fungal hyphae in soil and helps regulate fungal populations. Which feeding category is most appropriate?

41 A sedentary female extracted from a root is lemon-shaped, retains eggs within its body, and eventually develops into a resistant brown cyst. Which family-genus association best fits the specimen?

42 A nematode population causes root lesions in banana. Females and juveniles remain vermiform, move through the cortex, and produce extensive necrosis. Which classification is most consistent with these observations?

43 An ectoparasitic nematode has an odontostyle, odontophore, posteriorly located guiding ring, and amphidial apertures shaped as broad pouches. It also transmits a nepovirus. To which family should it be assigned?

44 Which combination correctly distinguishes an economically important genus of Trichodoridae from members of Longidoridae?

45 A female nematode becomes kidney-shaped after partially entering a root, while the posterior body remains outside and produces an egg mass. Which family-genus combination is correct?

46 A plant-parasitic nematode from citrus has a sedentary female with only the anterior portion embedded in the root, an elongated posterior outside the root, and males that do not feed. Which identification is best supported?

47 Stem swelling, distorted leaves, and bulb decay are associated with a vermiform nematode that migrates through plant tissues and can survive desiccation in aggregated masses. Which family contains the most likely genus?

48 A nematode recovered from pine wood has a strong median bulb, feeds on fungi during part of its life cycle, and is transported by cerambycid beetles. Which family-genus placement is appropriate?

49 A specimen possesses a protrusible stomatostylet with basal knobs, a muscular median bulb, and a dorsal esophageal gland opening close to the stylet base. Which order is most strongly indicated?

50 Which diagnostic pairing most reliably separates Dorylaimida from Tylenchida among economically important plant parasites?

51 An unknown ectoparasite causes stubby roots and vectors Tobacco rattle virus. Its feeding apparatus is a curved solid spear rather than a stomatostylet or odontostyle. Which order is represented?

52 Two nematodes both possess stomatostylets. In specimen I, the dorsal esophageal gland opens into the median bulb; in specimen II, it opens near the stylet base. Under the traditional order-level scheme, how should they be assigned?

53 A quarantine sample contains Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Heterodera, and Ditylenchus. Under the traditional plant-nematology classification, what is the lowest order-level taxon shared by all four genera?

54 Which order-to-economically-important-group mapping is entirely correct under the traditional order-level framework?

55 A nematode enters a root as a vermiform juvenile, induces multinucleate giant cells, becomes sedentary and swollen, and lays eggs in a gelatinous matrix outside its body. Which feeding-parasitic category applies?

56 A nematode repeatedly enters and exits cortical tissue, and all active stages can feed while moving through the root. No permanent feeding site is induced. How should its parasitic habit be classified?

57 A nematode remains entirely in soil but inserts a long feeding spear into root cells from outside. It moves to new feeding sites and does not induce a permanent nurse-cell system. Which category is most accurate?

58 During community analysis, an unknown nematode has a wide buccal cavity armed with a large dorsal tooth and contains recognizable nematode fragments in its intestine. Which trophic group is best supported?

59 A slender soil nematode has a narrow stoma without a plant-piercing stylet, proliferates rapidly after organic amendment, and feeds by ingesting bacterial cells. Which combined ecological classification is most appropriate?

60 Which observation most decisively distinguishes a sedentary semi-endoparasite from a sedentary endoparasite?