13What is an important benefit of natural farming for soil?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Easy
A.Higher chemical accumulation
B.Greater biological activity
C.Lower moisture retention
D.Faster topsoil removal
Correct Answer: Greater biological activity
Explanation:
Natural inputs and reduced disturbance encourage earthworms, microbes, and other beneficial soil organisms.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Why is natural farming important for sustainable agriculture?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Easy
A.It depends on increasing chemical doses
B.It requires continuous residue burning
C.It supports long-term resource conservation
D.It promotes excessive groundwater use
Correct Answer: It supports long-term resource conservation
Explanation:
Natural farming conserves soil, water, and biodiversity, supporting agricultural productivity over the long term.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Natural farming can contribute to safer food mainly by reducing the use of what?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Easy
A.Organic farm residues
B.Traditional crop varieties
C.Beneficial soil microbes
D.Synthetic agrochemicals
Correct Answer: Synthetic agrochemicals
Explanation:
Reduced use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers can lower the risk of unwanted chemical residues in food.
Incorrect! Try again.
16In Indian natural farming, what is Beejamrit mainly used for?
Main pillars of natural farming
Easy
A.Harvesting crops
B.Storing grain
C.Treating seeds
D.Covering soil
Correct Answer: Treating seeds
Explanation:
Beejamrit is a natural preparation applied to seeds or planting material before sowing.
Incorrect! Try again.
17What is the primary role of Jeevamrit in natural farming?
Main pillars of natural farming
Easy
A.Removing crop residues
B.Drying harvested grain
C.Increasing soil salinity
D.Supporting microbial activity
Correct Answer: Supporting microbial activity
Explanation:
Jeevamrit is used to stimulate beneficial microbial activity and nutrient cycling in the soil.
Incorrect! Try again.
18In natural farming, the practice called Acchadana refers to what?
Main pillars of natural farming
Easy
A.Crop harvesting
B.Soil mulching
C.Seed treatment
D.Grain storage
Correct Answer: Soil mulching
Explanation:
Acchadana means covering the soil with crop residues, living plants, or other suitable mulch.
Incorrect! Try again.
19Who is widely associated with the development of Zero Budget Natural Farming in India?
Methods, types and schools of natural farming
Easy
A.Norman Borlaug
B.J. C. Bose
C.Subhash Palekar
D.M. S. Swaminathan
Correct Answer: Subhash Palekar
Explanation:
Subhash Palekar developed and promoted Zero Budget Natural Farming, now often called Subhash Palekar Natural Farming.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Which natural farming school is associated with Masanobu Fukuoka?
Methods, types and schools of natural farming
Easy
A.Precision farming
B.Plantation farming
C.Do-nothing farming
D.Hydroponic farming
Correct Answer: Do-nothing farming
Explanation:
Masanobu Fukuoka's approach is commonly called do-nothing farming because it emphasizes minimal intervention in natural processes.
Incorrect! Try again.
21Greek accounts described parts of ancient India as producing more than one crop annually. Which combination most directly explains this observation?
Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers
Medium
A.Single cropping and prolonged fallowing
B.Imported seed and synthetic fertilizer
C.Permanent snow cover and terrace walls
D.Seasonal rainfall and irrigation facilities
Correct Answer: Seasonal rainfall and irrigation facilities
Explanation:
Greek observers linked India's multiple harvests with seasonal rainfall, fertile soils, and access to irrigation.
Incorrect! Try again.
22Megasthenes reported that cultivators generally continued farming even during conflicts. What does this observation most strongly indicate?
Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers
Medium
A.Agriculture received social and political protection
B.Farms were located only inside fortified cities
C.Agricultural production depended on imported labour
D.Cultivators served mainly as military personnel
Correct Answer: Agriculture received social and political protection
Explanation:
The reported protection of cultivators suggests that food production was regarded as essential to society and the state.
Incorrect! Try again.
23A historian compares travellers' reports of tanks, wells, canals, and seasonal crops from different regions of India. Which conclusion is most appropriate?
Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers
Medium
A.Rainfall had no influence on traditional agriculture
B.Indian agriculture used locally adapted water-management systems
C.Every region followed an identical irrigation system
D.Cultivation was limited to areas beside major rivers
Correct Answer: Indian agriculture used locally adapted water-management systems
Explanation:
The diversity of water structures indicates adaptation to regional rainfall, terrain, soils, and available water.
Incorrect! Try again.
24A farmer replaces synthetic fertilizer with purchased organic fertilizer but otherwise maintains an input-intensive monoculture. Why is this not fully consistent with natural farming?
Concept of natural farming
Medium
A.It necessarily prevents all biological pest control
B.It requires cultivation without any crop residues
C.It substitutes inputs without redesigning the farm ecosystem
D.It completely eliminates nutrient recycling within the field
Correct Answer: It substitutes inputs without redesigning the farm ecosystem
Explanation:
Natural farming emphasizes ecological processes, diversity, recycling, and low external dependence rather than merely replacing one purchased input with another.
Incorrect! Try again.
25Which farm decision best represents the concept of natural farming?
Concept of natural farming
Medium
A.Recycling biomass and supporting soil organisms
B.Depending on routine pesticide sprays for prevention
C.Maximizing soluble fertilizer application each season
D.Removing all non-crop organisms from the field
Correct Answer: Recycling biomass and supporting soil organisms
Explanation:
Natural farming works with biological cycles by recycling farm biomass and maintaining an active soil food web.
Incorrect! Try again.
26A smallholder faces rising prices of fertilizer and pesticides. Which natural-farming objective most directly addresses this problem?
Objectives of natural farming
Medium
A.Replacing family labour with imported machinery
B.Increasing the frequency of chemical applications
C.Standardizing production through a single crop
D.Reducing dependence on purchased external inputs
Correct Answer: Reducing dependence on purchased external inputs
Explanation:
Using local biological resources and on-farm recycling can lower cultivation costs and reduce exposure to input-price increases.
Incorrect! Try again.
27A farm maintains yields during a dry year because its soil stores more water and its cropping system contains several species. Which objective of natural farming is demonstrated?
Objectives of natural farming
Medium
A.Achieving complete control over seasonal rainfall
B.Promoting uniformity across the entire landscape
C.Improving ecological resilience to climate stress
D.Eliminating the need for all farm management
Correct Answer: Improving ecological resilience to climate stress
Explanation:
Improved soil condition and crop diversity help farms withstand drought, rainfall variability, and other climatic stresses.
Incorrect! Try again.
28Which indicator would best evaluate whether natural farming is improving both farmer welfare and environmental health?
Objectives of natural farming
Medium
A.Tractor use together with field size
B.Net income together with soil biological activity
C.Market price together with seed colour
D.Gross yield together with pesticide expenditure
Correct Answer: Net income together with soil biological activity
Explanation:
Net income reflects economic welfare, while soil biological activity reflects improvement in ecological functioning.
Incorrect! Try again.
29Crop residues are available after harvest, but the farmer usually burns them. Which alternative is most consistent with natural-farming principles?
Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming
Medium
A.Retain them as mulch or recycle them biologically
B.Remove them permanently from the farm ecosystem
C.Burn them before every irrigation event
D.Mix them with a persistent chemical herbicide
Correct Answer: Retain them as mulch or recycle them biologically
Explanation:
Residue retention returns organic matter, protects the soil surface, conserves moisture, and supports decomposer organisms.
Incorrect! Try again.
30A pest appears in one section of a naturally managed field. Which response best follows the principle of ecological balance?
Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming
Medium
A.Monitor damage and encourage biological regulation
B.Apply a broad-spectrum pesticide to every field
C.Remove every flowering plant from field borders
D.Destroy all insects without identifying their roles
Correct Answer: Monitor damage and encourage biological regulation
Explanation:
Natural farming favors observation, prevention, habitat management, and biological regulation instead of routine broad-spectrum control.
Incorrect! Try again.
31Why is crop diversity considered an essential characteristic of natural farming?
Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming
Medium
A.It removes the need to observe field conditions
B.It guarantees equal yields from every crop
C.It makes all soils chemically identical
D.It spreads risk and supports ecological interactions
Correct Answer: It spreads risk and supports ecological interactions
Explanation:
Diverse crops can use resources differently, support beneficial organisms, interrupt pest cycles, and reduce production risk.
Incorrect! Try again.
32Which situation offers the strongest scope for natural farming in a rainfed village?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Medium
A.Farms have local biomass but limited cash for inputs
B.Fields remain permanently waterlogged throughout the year
C.Farms rely on assured imports of soluble nutrients
D.Farmers aim to eliminate all crop and livestock diversity
Correct Answer: Farms have local biomass but limited cash for inputs
Explanation:
Natural farming can use locally available biomass and biological resources, making it relevant where purchased inputs are costly or inaccessible.
Incorrect! Try again.
33Natural farming is proposed for a watershed suffering from runoff and soil erosion. Which practice would provide the most direct benefit?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Medium
A.Keeping soil bare between widely spaced crops
B.Maintaining mulch and continuous ground cover
C.Increasing deep tillage along the slope
D.Burning residues before the rainy season
Correct Answer: Maintaining mulch and continuous ground cover
Explanation:
Ground cover reduces raindrop impact, slows runoff, improves infiltration, and protects topsoil from erosion.
Incorrect! Try again.
34A farmer wants to treat seeds with a locally prepared microbial formulation before sowing. Which main pillar should be selected?
Main pillars of natural farming
Medium
A.Waaphasa
B.Acchadana
C.Jivamrita
D.Bijamrita
Correct Answer: Bijamrita
Explanation:
Bijamrita is primarily used as a biological treatment for seeds and other planting materials before sowing.
Incorrect! Try again.
35Which main pillar is applied mainly to stimulate microbial activity in the soil using a fermented preparation?
Main pillars of natural farming
Medium
A.Acchadana
B.Waaphasa
C.Jivamrita
D.Bijamrita
Correct Answer: Jivamrita
Explanation:
Jivamrita is a fermented microbial culture applied to soil or through irrigation to promote biological activity.
Incorrect! Try again.
36A field loses moisture rapidly and develops a hard surface after irrigation. Which pillar most directly addresses these problems?
Main pillars of natural farming
Medium
A.Waaphasa
B.Acchadana
C.Bijamrita
D.Jivamrita
Correct Answer: Acchadana
Explanation:
Acchadana means soil covering or mulching, which limits evaporation, moderates temperature, and protects soil structure.
Incorrect! Try again.
37In natural farming, Waaphasa is best promoted by which irrigation strategy?
Main pillars of natural farming
Medium
A.Drying the soil until plants permanently wilt
B.Keeping the root zone continuously flooded
C.Applying limited water while preserving soil aeration
D.Sealing soil pores after every irrigation
Correct Answer: Applying limited water while preserving soil aeration
Explanation:
Waaphasa refers to maintaining a favorable balance of air and water vapour in soil pores rather than saturating the root zone.
Incorrect! Try again.
38A contemporary natural farmer integrates trees, crops, animals, water harvesting, and habitat zones according to their relationships. Which approach does this most closely represent?
Contemporary ways of natural farming
Medium
A.Input-substitution farming
B.Permaculture design
C.Hydroponic production
D.Continuous monocropping
Correct Answer: Permaculture design
Explanation:
Permaculture designs integrated systems by arranging farm elements so that their functions and outputs support one another.
Incorrect! Try again.
39Which feature most clearly distinguishes Fukuoka's natural farming approach from an intensive tillage system?
Methods, types and schools of natural farming
Medium
A.Frequent ploughing and complete residue removal
B.Minimal soil disturbance and reliance on natural cycles
C.Routine use of soluble fertilizers and pesticides
D.Exclusive production under controlled indoor conditions
Correct Answer: Minimal soil disturbance and reliance on natural cycles
Explanation:
Fukuoka emphasized minimal intervention, including little or no tillage, soil cover, and cooperation with natural ecological processes.
Incorrect! Try again.
40A farmer uses Bijamrita, Jivamrita, mulching, and moisture management as an integrated package. This package is most closely associated with which school?
Methods, types and schools of natural farming
Medium
A.Subhash Palekar Natural Farming
B.Hydroponic farming
C.Homa farming
D.Biodynamic farming
Correct Answer: Subhash Palekar Natural Farming
Explanation:
These four practices are widely presented as the main pillars of Subhash Palekar Natural Farming, formerly called Zero Budget Natural Farming.
Incorrect! Try again.
41A historian uses Megasthenes' account to claim that ancient Indian agriculture was uniformly prosperous and free from crop failure. Which evaluation is methodologically strongest?
Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers
Hard
A.Accept the claim because an ambassador's account is necessarily representative
B.Treat the account as evidence but compare it with regional, archaeological, and climatic records
C.Reject the claim because foreign travellers never observed agricultural practices directly
D.Generalize the claim only to regions that cultivated two crops in every recorded year
Correct Answer: Treat the account as evidence but compare it with regional, archaeological, and climatic records
Explanation:
Traveller accounts are valuable but selective. Triangulation with material and regional evidence is necessary before converting an observation into a claim about all of Indian agriculture.
Incorrect! Try again.
42Greek accounts associated agricultural abundance in India with seasonal rainfall, river irrigation, and the possibility of more than one harvest. Which inference best connects these observations?
Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers
Hard
A.Seasonal rainfall made irrigation institutions economically unnecessary in cultivated regions
B.Multiple water sources reduced seasonal constraints and supported intensive cropping
C.River irrigation eliminated the agricultural significance of monsoon variability
D.Two harvests implied that every field remained continuously flooded throughout the year
Correct Answer: Multiple water sources reduced seasonal constraints and supported intensive cropping
Explanation:
The combination of monsoon rainfall, rivers, and irrigation could extend the effective growing period and permit multiple crops, without eliminating climatic risk or requiring continuous flooding.
Incorrect! Try again.
43A later traveller describes both highly productive irrigated tracts and severe burdens on cultivators. What does this combination most clearly demonstrate?
Indian agriculture as described by Greek historians and later travellers
Hard
A.Irrigation automatically transfers all agricultural surplus to village cultivators
B.Cultivator hardship proves that reported agricultural productivity was entirely fabricated
C.Productive landscapes cannot coexist with unequal systems of revenue extraction
D.High biological productivity does not necessarily imply secure cultivator livelihoods
Correct Answer: High biological productivity does not necessarily imply secure cultivator livelihoods
Explanation:
Agronomic output and cultivator welfare are distinct. Productive land can coexist with insecure tenure, taxation, debt, or unequal appropriation of the surplus.
Incorrect! Try again.
44Two farms eliminate synthetic fertilizers. Farm X imports large quantities of certified organic manure, while Farm Y relies mainly on on-farm biomass, diverse crops, microbial preparations, and minimal soil disturbance. Which distinction is most defensible?
Contemporary ways of natural farming
Hard
A.Both systems are identical because neither applies synthetic fertilizer
B.Farm Y more closely reflects natural farming's emphasis on ecological self-reliance
C.Farm X better reflects natural farming because certification requires purchased manure
D.Farm Y cannot be natural because microbial preparations involve deliberate management
Correct Answer: Farm Y more closely reflects natural farming's emphasis on ecological self-reliance
Explanation:
Natural farming generally emphasizes locally regenerated fertility, biological processes, diversity, and reduced dependence on external inputs. Merely replacing synthetic inputs with purchased organic inputs may not achieve that goal.
Incorrect! Try again.
45A farmer adopts natural farming on one hectare but retains conventional production on another. Which comparison would best isolate the effect of the farming system?
Contemporary ways of natural farming
Hard
A.Compare adjacent matched plots using replicated measurements across several seasons
B.Compare produce prices from different markets while ignoring yield and input expenditure
C.Compare total farm income before and after adoption without recording crop composition
D.Compare one natural plot this year with the conventional plot's best historical yield
Correct Answer: Compare adjacent matched plots using replicated measurements across several seasons
Explanation:
Matched plots, replication, and multi-season observations reduce bias from soil variation, weather, crop choice, and unusual years, allowing a stronger system-level comparison.
Incorrect! Try again.
46A contemporary natural-farming programme reports lower purchased-input costs but also lower yield during conversion. Which indicator best evaluates short-term economic viability?
Contemporary ways of natural farming
Hard
A.Market price alone, because production costs remain fixed during conversion
B.Yield alone, because input savings do not affect household returns
C.Net return after accounting for yield, price, labour, and purchased inputs
D.Input cost alone, because natural farming is defined by expenditure reduction
Correct Answer: Net return after accounting for yield, price, labour, and purchased inputs
Explanation:
Economic viability depends on the combined effects of output, price, labour requirements, and input costs. Neither yield nor cost alone measures the farmer's actual return.
Incorrect! Try again.
47Which statement most accurately distinguishes natural farming from simple input substitution?
Concept of natural farming
Hard
A.It redesigns farm processes so ecological interactions perform more production functions
B.It requires a universal package that remains unchanged across agroecological regions
C.It avoids all human intervention and allows crops to compete without management
D.It replaces every synthetic input with an externally purchased biological equivalent
Correct Answer: It redesigns farm processes so ecological interactions perform more production functions
Explanation:
Natural farming is a system redesign approach: nutrient cycling, soil biology, diversity, and ecological regulation increasingly replace dependence on externally supplied inputs.
Incorrect! Try again.
48A farm uses no synthetic agrochemicals but repeatedly removes crop residues, maintains bare soil, grows a single crop, and imports all nutrients. Why is its classification as natural farming questionable?
Concept of natural farming
Hard
A.Monoculture qualifies as natural farming whenever pesticide residues remain undetectable
B.Imported nutrients are prohibited only when they originate from plant materials
C.Natural farming requires synthetic fertilizers whenever residues are removed
D.Chemical exclusion alone does not establish recycling, diversity, or soil-cover principles
Correct Answer: Chemical exclusion alone does not establish recycling, diversity, or soil-cover principles
Explanation:
Absence of synthetic chemicals is only one feature. Natural farming also emphasizes living soil, biomass recycling, cover, diversity, and reliance on ecological processes.
Incorrect! Try again.
49A proposed intervention increases first-year yield by 8% but raises external-input dependence, reduces soil organic matter, and increases debt exposure. Under natural-farming objectives, how should it be assessed?
Objectives of natural farming
Hard
A.Questioned only if the harvested produce fails statutory food-safety standards
B.Accepted because immediate yield overrides ecological and financial considerations
C.Questioned because short-term yield conflicts with resilience and self-reliance objectives
D.Accepted because external inputs are compatible whenever crop output increases
Correct Answer: Questioned because short-term yield conflicts with resilience and self-reliance objectives
Explanation:
Natural farming pursues multiple objectives, including soil health, reduced dependence, resilience, and viable livelihoods. A yield gain does not automatically compensate for deterioration in these dimensions.
Incorrect! Try again.
50Which outcome set provides the strongest evidence that a natural-farming transition is meeting both ecological and livelihood objectives?
Objectives of natural farming
Hard
A.Stable net income, improved soil cover, lower input dependence, and greater diversity
C.Lower labour use, higher irrigation demand, greater specialization, and stable yield
D.Premium prices, declining soil carbon, greater pest outbreaks, and higher borrowing
Correct Answer: Stable net income, improved soil cover, lower input dependence, and greater diversity
Explanation:
This combination jointly addresses livelihood viability, resource conservation, self-reliance, and agroecosystem resilience rather than optimizing a single indicator.
Incorrect! Try again.
51After heavy rain, two comparable fields show different outcomes. The mulched, minimally disturbed field has less runoff and retains more plant-available moisture. Which mechanism best explains the difference?
Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming
Hard
A.Minimal disturbance and cover protect aggregates and improve infiltration and storage
B.Mulch increases runoff so that deeper soil layers remain protected from saturation
C.Mulch seals surface pores and therefore accelerates infiltration into compacted soil
D.Minimal disturbance prevents all evaporation and permanently eliminates water stress
Correct Answer: Minimal disturbance and cover protect aggregates and improve infiltration and storage
Explanation:
Soil cover reduces raindrop impact and evaporation, while limited disturbance helps preserve pores and aggregates. Together these processes can reduce runoff and improve water retention.
Incorrect! Try again.
52A farmer observes rising pest damage after replacing a mixed cropping system with a large single-species stand, despite continuing natural pest preparations. Which principle was most directly weakened?
Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming
Hard
A.Permanent soil saturation as a basis for nutrient mineralization
B.Complete residue removal as a basis for disease suppression
C.Uniform crop genetics as a basis for predator conservation
D.Functional biodiversity as a basis for ecological pest regulation
Correct Answer: Functional biodiversity as a basis for ecological pest regulation
Explanation:
Diverse crops and habitats can disrupt pest spread and support predators and parasitoids. Preparations alone may not compensate for the loss of this ecological regulation.
Incorrect! Try again.
53Which management decision best applies the principle that soil should function as a living ecosystem rather than merely as a nutrient-holding medium?
Essential characteristics and principles of natural farming
Hard
A.Remove organic residues to prevent microorganisms from competing with crop roots
B.Apply soluble nutrients according only to the crop's estimated elemental demand
C.Maintain roots, return biomass, limit disturbance, and support microbial activity
D.Sterilize the soil before each crop and then inoculate one selected organism
Correct Answer: Maintain roots, return biomass, limit disturbance, and support microbial activity
Explanation:
Living roots, organic matter, limited disturbance, and microbial activity sustain food webs, aggregation, nutrient cycling, and other functions of living soil.
Incorrect! Try again.
54In a drought-prone district, which finding would most strongly support scaling natural farming as a climate-resilience strategy?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Hard
A.Produce receives a premium in one distant market during the first season
B.Farmers purchase more biological inputs while maintaining their previous crop pattern
C.A single demonstration plot records the district's highest yield in a wet year
D.Participating farms maintain more stable returns across dry and normal seasons
Correct Answer: Participating farms maintain more stable returns across dry and normal seasons
Explanation:
Resilience is demonstrated by stability under stress and across variable conditions, not by exceptional performance in one favourable season or one market.
Incorrect! Try again.
55Which conclusion about the scope of natural farming is most defensible across heterogeneous Indian agroecosystems?
Scope and importance of natural farming
Hard
A.Its value can be established without measuring transition costs or yield risks
B.Its principles can be broad, but practices require location-specific adaptation
C.One fixed protocol should produce identical outcomes in every soil and climate
D.It is relevant only where livestock are continuously housed beside crop fields
Correct Answer: Its principles can be broad, but practices require location-specific adaptation
Explanation:
Core principles may travel across regions, but crop choices, biomass availability, water regimes, livestock access, and transition strategies differ by location.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A field receives Jeevamrit regularly but remains bare between widely spaced crop rows, leading to rapid moisture loss and surface crusting. Which pillar is most directly missing?
Main pillars of natural farming
Hard
A.Whapasa, because continuous flooding is required to maintain soil aeration
B.Acchadana, because soil cover moderates moisture and surface conditions
C.Jeevamrit, because increasing its dose necessarily creates physical soil cover
D.Beejamrit, because seed treatment alone prevents soil-water evaporation
Correct Answer: Acchadana, because soil cover moderates moisture and surface conditions
Explanation:
Acchadana refers to covering the soil with crop residues, live cover, or other biomass. It helps reduce evaporation, erosion, crusting, and temperature fluctuations.
Incorrect! Try again.
57A farmer treats seed with Beejamrit, applies Jeevamrit, and mulches the field, but keeps the root zone continuously waterlogged. Which pillar's intended condition is most clearly violated?
Main pillars of natural farming
Hard
A.Beejamrit, which requires seeds to remain dry throughout germination
B.Acchadana, which permits mulch only under completely dry soil conditions
C.Jeevamrit, which requires the permanent exclusion of water from soil
D.Whapasa, which emphasizes a favourable balance of soil air and moisture
Correct Answer: Whapasa, which emphasizes a favourable balance of soil air and moisture
Explanation:
Whapasa concerns an appropriate air-moisture environment in the root zone. Persistent waterlogging displaces oxygen and undermines that condition.
Incorrect! Try again.
58Which mapping of the commonly described natural-farming pillars to their primary functions is correct?
The conventional mapping is Beeja-based seed treatment, Jeevamrit for stimulating biological activity, Acchadana for soil cover, and Whapasa for a suitable soil air-moisture balance.
Incorrect! Try again.
59Which comparison correctly distinguishes Masanobu Fukuoka's natural farming from a preparation-centred natural-farming package?
Methods, types and schools of natural farming
Hard
A.Fukuoka depended on soluble fertilizers, while preparation-centred systems depend on imported compost
B.Fukuoka excluded crop diversity, while preparation-centred systems require permanent monoculture
C.Fukuoka emphasized intensive tillage, while preparation-centred systems prohibit biological soil activity
D.Fukuoka emphasized minimal intervention, while preparation-centred systems prescribe selected farm-made formulations
Correct Answer: Fukuoka emphasized minimal intervention, while preparation-centred systems prescribe selected farm-made formulations
Explanation:
Fukuoka's approach is associated with minimal disturbance and restrained intervention. Other natural-farming schools may more explicitly prescribe microbial or botanical preparations.
Incorrect! Try again.
60A researcher compares Zero Budget Natural Farming, Rishi Kheti, and Fukuoka-style farming. Which analytical framework avoids falsely treating them as identical?
Methods, types and schools of natural farming
Hard
A.Classify them only by whether their practitioners use the term "natural"
B.Compare their input sources, intervention levels, soil practices, and ecological assumptions
C.Assume their methods are interchangeable because all reject synthetic fertilizers
D.Rank them solely by first-season yield under one irrigated crop
Correct Answer: Compare their input sources, intervention levels, soil practices, and ecological assumptions
Explanation:
Natural-farming schools overlap but differ in prescribed preparations, reliance on livestock, degree of intervention, and theories of soil and crop management. Multiple dimensions are therefore needed for comparison.
Incorrect! Try again.
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