Unit 3: Memory - Practice Quiz

PSY103 — Foundations Of Psychology 60 Questions
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1 What is memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Easy
A. The ability to solve every problem
B. The ability to store and use information
C. The process of changing physical growth
D. The process of controlling body movement

2 Which activity mainly involves memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Easy
A. Blinking when light is bright
B. Breathing during sleep
C. Remembering a telephone number
D. Digesting a meal

3 Memory allows people to do which of the following?

Meaning and definition of memory Easy
A. Increase their height instantly
B. Avoid all emotions
C. Control the weather
D. Recall past experiences

4 Which memory process involves putting information into memory?

Memory processes Easy
A. Forgetting
B. Encoding
C. Retrieval
D. Recognition

5 Which process involves keeping information over time?

Memory processes Easy
A. Encoding
B. Retrieval
C. Attention
D. Storage

6 What is retrieval in memory?

Memory processes Easy
A. Changing information into a code
B. Removing information from the senses
C. Bringing stored information to mind
D. Repeating information without understanding

7 Recognizing a familiar face is an example of which process?

Memory processes Easy
A. Motivation
B. Retrieval
C. Encoding
D. Storage

8 Which process usually comes first when learning new information?

Memory processes Easy
A. Encoding
B. Forgetting
C. Reconstruction
D. Retrieval

9 Which model describes memory as sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?

Models of memory Easy
A. Atkinson–Shiffrin model
B. Behaviorist learning model
C. Levels-of-processing model
D. Working-memory model

10 Which memory store briefly holds information received through the senses?

Models of memory Easy
A. Short-term memory
B. Long-term memory
C. Procedural memory
D. Sensory memory

11 Which memory store holds information for a short period and has limited capacity?

Models of memory Easy
A. Short-term memory
B. Semantic memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Sensory memory

12 Which type of memory can store information for a long time?

Models of memory Easy
A. Echoic memory
B. Immediate memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Sensory memory

13 Working memory is mainly used for what purpose?

Models of memory Easy
A. Storing all experiences permanently
B. Removing unwanted memories
C. Recording every sensory detail
D. Holding and using information briefly

14 Which technique involves reviewing information at increasing time intervals?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. Spaced practice
B. Massed practice
C. Sensory adaptation
D. Free association

15 What is a mnemonic?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. A treatment for vision problems
B. A condition that causes sleep
C. A test of physical strength
D. A method that aids remembering

16 Which study method involves explaining information in your own words?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. Passive listening
B. Random guessing
C. Elaborative rehearsal
D. Visual masking

17 Why can grouping items into categories improve memory?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. It prevents information from being encoded
B. It makes every memory permanent
C. It makes information easier to organize
D. It removes the need for attention

18 What is forgetting?

Causes of forgetting Easy
A. The ability to store new information
B. The inability to retrieve stored information
C. The process of improving concentration
D. The act of repeating information aloud

19 Which factor can cause forgetting by competing with other memories?

Causes of forgetting Easy
A. Rehearsal
B. Interference
C. Motivation
D. Attention

20 Forgetting information because it was never properly learned is most closely related to what?

Causes of forgetting Easy
A. Deep processing
B. Repeated rehearsal
C. Successful retrieval
D. Poor encoding

21 A student remembers how to operate a familiar bicycle even after not riding for several months. Which aspect of memory is best illustrated?

Meaning and definition of memory Medium
A. The ability to store and later use information
B. The temporary registration of sensory input
C. The conscious rehearsal of every movement
D. The loss of information through interference

22 When a person recognizes a song but cannot recall where they first heard it, which memory function is operating most clearly?

Meaning and definition of memory Medium
A. Removal of unrelated information from awareness
B. Recognition of previously encountered information
C. Permanent storage of every surrounding detail
D. Complete reconstruction of an original event

23 A learner connects a new psychology concept to an example from daily life. Which memory process is being used most directly?

Memory processes Medium
A. Retrieval
B. Decay
C. Storage
D. Encoding

24 During an examination, a student brings previously studied definitions into conscious awareness. This is an example of:

Memory processes Medium
A. Stimulus generalization
B. Sensory registration
C. Memory consolidation
D. Memory retrieval

25 A student studies vocabulary shortly before sleeping and remembers it better the next day. Which process most likely contributed to this improvement?

Memory processes Medium
A. Replacement of old memories by new ones
B. Reduction of attention during learning
C. Conversion of explicit memories into reflexes
D. Consolidation of newly learned information

26 A witness initially remembers a red car but later reports it as blue after discussing the event with others. Which process best explains this change?

Memory processes Medium
A. Automatic transfer from sensory to short-term memory
B. Complete elimination of the original memory trace
C. Memory reconstruction influenced by later information
D. Improved encoding caused by repeated questioning

27 In the multistore model, information about a flashing light is briefly registered before attention determines whether it enters short-term memory. Which sequence is correct?

Models of memory Medium
A. Long-term memory, sensory memory, short-term memory
B. Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory
C. Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
D. Sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory

28 A person repeats a telephone number silently while searching for a pen. In Baddeley and Hitch's working-memory model, which component is most directly involved?

Models of memory Medium
A. Episodic buffer
B. Central executive
C. Visuospatial sketchpad
D. Phonological loop

29 While following a map, a traveler mentally rotates streets and remembers their locations. Which working-memory component is primarily being used?

Models of memory Medium
A. Visuospatial sketchpad
B. Central executive
C. Phonological loop
D. Episodic buffer

30 A learner combines facts from a lecture with personal experiences to understand a new story. Which working-memory component best integrates these sources?

Models of memory Medium
A. Phonological loop
B. Visuospatial sketchpad
C. Episodic buffer
D. Sensory register

31 A person plans a complex route while shifting attention between a map, traffic signs, and time limits. Which working-memory component coordinates these activities?

Models of memory Medium
A. Sensory register
B. Central executive
C. Procedural memory
D. Phonological loop

32 A pianist can perform a familiar sequence smoothly but has difficulty explaining each finger movement. This performance mainly depends on:

Models of memory Medium
A. Procedural memory
B. Episodic memory
C. Sensory memory
D. Semantic memory

33 Remembering the date of a historical event differs from remembering a personal birthday celebration because the first is primarily semantic and the second is primarily:

Models of memory Medium
A. Implicit
B. Episodic
C. Procedural
D. Sensory

34 A student reviews material over several short sessions instead of studying for one long session. Which technique is being applied?

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Spacing
B. Free association
C. Response suppression
D. Massed practice

35 After reading a chapter, a student closes the book and writes everything remembered before checking the text. Which technique is this?

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Retrieval practice
B. Passive rereading
C. Sensory adaptation
D. Progressive relaxation

36 To remember the order of operations, a learner creates a meaningful sentence using the initial letters of the steps. This strategy is called:

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Chunking
B. Acronym-based mnemonics
C. Retroactive inhibition
D. Habituation

37 A learner groups a ten-digit telephone number into three meaningful sections. Which memory technique is illustrated?

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Chunking
B. Directed forgetting
C. State-dependent learning
D. Elaborative rehearsal

38 After learning a new password, a person can no longer remember the old password. Which explanation best fits this example?

Causes of forgetting Medium
A. Proactive interference
B. Context-dependent retrieval
C. Sensory decay
D. Retroactive interference

39 A student continues to type an old computer shortcut after learning a new shortcut for the same function. Which cause of forgetting is most likely?

Causes of forgetting Medium
A. Proactive interference
B. Motivated forgetting
C. Decay of sensory memory
D. Retroactive interference

40 A student knows the answer to a question but recalls it only after returning to the classroom where it was studied. Which explanation is most appropriate?

Causes of forgetting Medium
A. Complete memory erasure
B. Overlearning without encoding
C. Retroactive interference
D. Context-dependent retrieval

41 A student recalls a childhood event, but later evidence shows that some details were suggested by family members. Which conclusion best reflects the psychological definition of memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Hard
A. Memory is accurate whenever confidence is high
B. Memory is a reconstructed process influenced by encoding and retrieval
C. Memory is limited to information stored consciously
D. Memory is a permanent recording of experienced events

42 A learner studies a concept by connecting it to prior knowledge, later recalls it without prompts, and then applies it to a new problem. Which sequence best identifies the dominant processes involved?

Memory processes Hard
A. Elaborative encoding, retrieval, and transfer
B. Sensory registration, maintenance rehearsal, and recognition
C. Storage, recognition, and rehearsal
D. Chunking, implicit learning, and relearning

43 A person can repeat a seven-digit number immediately but remembers little of a competing conversation heard at the same time. Which interpretation most directly follows from working-memory theory?

Models of memory Hard
A. Long-term memory prevents all unattended information from fading
B. Sensory memory stores verbal information for several minutes
C. Working memory uses limited-capacity systems for active processing
D. Short-term memory stores unlimited information briefly

44 Which study plan would most likely produce the strongest long-term retention of unfamiliar concepts?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Use spaced retrieval with explanations and varied examples
B. Reread the chapter repeatedly in one sitting
C. Highlight definitions and review them once before testing
D. Memorize isolated terms immediately before the examination

45 Students learn List A, then List B, and later recall fewer words from List A than students who studied no second list. This result most strongly demonstrates:

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. Retroactive interference from List B
B. Proactive interference from List A
C. Decay caused by sensory register limits
D. State-dependent forgetting during retrieval

46 A witness initially reports a red jacket, but after hearing repeated descriptions of a blue jacket, later remembers seeing blue. Which process best explains the change?

Memory processes Hard
A. Procedural consolidation
B. Post-event memory updating
C. Maintenance rehearsal
D. Encoding specificity

47 A patient can improve at mirror tracing without consciously recalling previous practice sessions. Which distinction is most clearly illustrated?

Models of memory Hard
A. Sensory memory versus short-term memory
B. Prospective memory versus prospective rehearsal
C. Implicit memory versus explicit memory
D. Episodic memory versus semantic memory

48 Why can a person recognize a familiar face yet be unable to recall the person’s name?

Meaning and definition of memory Hard
A. Recall is always less accurate than recognition
B. Names are stored only in sensory memory
C. Recognition and recall rely on identical retrieval demands
D. Recognition provides cues that recall may lack

49 A researcher finds that participants remember a word better when tested in the same room where they studied it. Which model-based principle does this finding support?

Models of memory Hard
A. Encoding specificity
B. Levels of processing
C. Working-memory displacement
D. Serial-position effect

50 A student answers practice questions without looking at notes, checks errors, and repeats the test several days later. Why is this method superior to rereading alone?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Repeated questioning converts all facts into procedural memories
B. Testing eliminates interference by removing older memories
C. Retrieval practice strengthens access pathways and reveals gaps
D. Rereading prevents any information from entering long-term memory

51 A learner knows a fact during practice but cannot recall it during an exam held after unusually poor sleep. Which explanation is most defensible?

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. Sleep loss guarantees retroactive interference
B. The fact moved from long-term to sensory memory
C. Reduced attention and retrieval efficiency impaired access
D. The fact was permanently erased during sleep loss

52 During studying, a learner organizes terms into categories, links each category to a vivid image, and later reconstructs the list from those links. Which process is most central?

Memory processes Hard
A. Meaningless repetition
B. Automatic proceduralization
C. Elaborative organization
D. Sensory habituation

53 A participant recalls the first and last items of a list better than middle items. If the final items are tested after a delay, their advantage disappears. Which account best explains the pattern?

Models of memory Hard
A. Recency reflects deeper encoding than primacy
B. Primacy reflects rehearsal, whereas recency reflects temporary accessibility
C. Both effects result exclusively from semantic similarity
D. Primacy depends only on sensory persistence

54 A medical student studies symptoms by explaining why each symptom follows from a physiological mechanism rather than memorizing symptom lists. Which principle is being applied?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Simple maintenance rehearsal
B. Semantic elaboration
C. Uncued recognition training
D. Shallow structural encoding

55 A person repeatedly fails to recall a rarely used password but recognizes it immediately when shown several alternatives. Which explanation best fits this pattern?

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. Retrieval failure occurred because available cues were insufficient
B. The password was converted into procedural memory
C. Recognition proves that forgetting was caused by decay alone
D. The password was never encoded because recognition is easier

56 Two people experience the same lecture but later remember different examples because they focused on different details. What does this demonstrate about memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Hard
A. Memory differences occur only after retrieval begins
B. Memory preserves every experienced detail equally
C. Memory is independent of personal interpretation
D. Memory depends partly on selective attention during encoding

57 A learner studies material while mildly anxious and recalls it better when experiencing similar anxiety, although performance is poorer in both conditions than when calm. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

Memory processes Hard
A. State-dependent cues can aid retrieval without improving learning quality
B. Anxiety always improves both encoding and retrieval
C. Emotional states affect only sensory memory
D. Matching states guarantee accurate recollection

58 A person can hold a phone number in mind while simultaneously calculating a tip, but performance declines when both tasks require verbal information. Which model best predicts this result?

Models of memory Hard
A. A long-term system in which capacity is unlimited
B. A working-memory system with partially distinct resources
C. A sensory register that stores all inputs indefinitely
D. A unitary short-term store with no specialized components

59 Which revision strategy best balances desirable difficulty with protection against ineffective struggle?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Reread difficult sections continuously without interruption
B. Avoid testing until every detail feels familiar
C. Use increasingly delayed retrieval with feedback after attempts
D. Practice only in the exact format used on the exam

60 A student learns Spanish vocabulary and later finds that earlier French vocabulary disrupts recall of Spanish translations. This is an example of:

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. Context reinstatement
B. Proactive interference
C. Encoding failure
D. Retroactive interference