Unit 5: Disaster management - Practice Quiz

CHE110 — Environmental Studies 60 Questions
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1 Which of the following is a natural disaster?

Natural disasters Easy
A. Earthquake
B. Oil spill
C. Factory fire
D. Train collision

2 Which disaster is directly related to the overflow of water?

Water-related disasters Easy
A. Drought
B. Earthquake
C. Flood
D. Heat wave

3 What is a drought?

Floods and drought Easy
A. A strong rotating wind
B. A large sea wave
C. A sudden movement of the ground
D. A long period with little rainfall

4 Which of the following is an air-related disaster?

Air-related disasters Easy
A. Volcanic eruption
B. Flood
C. Tornado
D. Landslide

5 A cyclone is mainly characterized by:

Cyclones and storms Easy
A. Sudden shaking of the ground
B. Spiraling winds around low pressure
C. Lack of rainfall for years
D. Falling rocks from a mountain

6 Which disaster involves the sudden movement of rocks and soil down a slope?

Earth-related disasters Easy
A. Drought
B. Landslide
C. Cyclone
D. Tsunami

7 What instrument is used to record earthquake vibrations?

Earthquakes Easy
A. Barometer
B. Rain gauge
C. Thermometer
D. Seismograph

8 Which condition can increase the risk of a landslide?

Landslides Easy
A. Heavy rainfall
B. Low humidity
C. Clear skies
D. Gentle sunshine

9 What is an avalanche?

Avalanches Easy
A. A rapid flow of snow down a slope
B. A release of volcanic gases
C. A rotating column of air
D. A sudden rise in sea level

10 What may come out of a volcano during an eruption?

Volcanic eruptions Easy
A. Freshwater and ice
B. Wind and dew
C. Lava and ash
D. Sand and cotton

11 Which of the following is a manmade disaster?

Manmade disasters Easy
A. Industrial accident
B. Drought
C. Cyclone
D. Earthquake

12 A nuclear disaster may release harmful:

Nuclear disasters Easy
A. Sunlight
B. Rainwater
C. Radiation
D. Oxygen

13 What is a chemical disaster?

Chemical disasters Easy
A. An accidental release of hazardous chemicals
B. A natural movement of tectonic plates
C. A seasonal change in temperature
D. A shortage of food caused by drought

14 Which event is an example of a biological disaster?

Biological disasters Easy
A. Volcanic eruption
B. Bridge collapse
C. Disease outbreak
D. Cyclone landfall

15 Which of the following is a transport accident?

Transport accidents Easy
A. Mountain avalanche
B. River drought
C. Train derailment
D. Volcanic eruption

16 What is the main purpose of a national disaster management framework?

National disaster management framework Easy
A. To increase traffic in cities
B. To guide disaster risk reduction and response
C. To control daily school activities
D. To regulate ordinary market prices

17 Which is an important role of governmental agencies during a disaster?

Role of governmental agencies in disaster response Easy
A. Organizing rescue and relief
B. Ignoring affected communities
C. Blocking emergency services
D. Spreading unverified rumors

18 How can NGOs help during a disaster?

Role of NGOs in disaster response Easy
A. Damaging emergency shelters
B. Stopping all communication
C. Creating false warnings
D. Providing food and medical aid

19 Why are community-based organizations important during disasters?

Role of community-based organizations in disaster response Easy
A. They understand local needs
B. They control weather conditions
C. They prevent emergency alerts
D. They replace all hospitals

20 What is a responsible role of the media during a disaster?

Role of media in disaster response Easy
A. Hiding official warnings
B. Sharing accurate safety information
C. Encouraging unsafe behavior
D. Broadcasting unverified rumors

21 A town lies near a river, a fault line, and a steep hillside. Which planning approach best addresses its overall disaster risk?

Natural disasters Medium
A. Focus mainly on post-disaster relief
B. Build shelters only on the hillside
C. Use a multi-hazard risk assessment
D. Prepare only for river flooding

22 After heavy rain, a village's drinking-water sources become contaminated. What should be done first?

Water-related disasters Medium
A. Boil or disinfect drinking water
B. Resume normal water collection
C. Increase water storage outdoors
D. Add untreated river water

23 A district alternates between flash floods and long dry periods. Which measure would best reduce both risks?

Floods and drought Medium
A. Remove vegetation from slopes
B. Depend only on emergency food supplies
C. Improve watershed and water storage management
D. Build houses beside drainage channels

24 During a severe air-pollution episode, which action most directly protects people with asthma?

Air-related disasters Medium
A. Exercise outdoors at midday
B. Burn waste to clear nearby vegetation
C. Keep windows open continuously
D. Reduce outdoor exposure and follow health advisories

25 A coastal warning predicts a powerful cyclone will arrive within 24 hours. Which action should authorities prioritize?

Cyclones and storms Medium
A. Send residents to low-lying beaches
B. Open windows to equalize pressure
C. Evacuate vulnerable coastal communities
D. Wait until winds become destructive

26 Which combination most clearly indicates elevated earth-related hazard in a settlement?

Earth-related disasters Medium
A. Flat land and stable bedrock
B. Low rainfall and deep soil
C. Wide roads and strong bridges
D. Steep slopes and active faults

27 During an earthquake inside a classroom, which response is safest?

Earthquakes Medium
A. Drop, cover, and hold on
B. Run toward the staircase immediately
C. Stand beside a glass window
D. Use the elevator to leave

28 A road cuts across a steep, rain-soaked slope. Which measure would most effectively reduce landslide risk?

Landslides Medium
A. Install drainage and stabilize the slope
B. Block all drainage channels
C. Remove supporting vegetation
D. Increase slope loading

29 A mountain trail has received heavy snowfall followed by rapid warming. What is the safest decision?

Avalanches Medium
A. Remove warning signs from trails
B. Travel across steep open slopes
C. Avoid avalanche-prone routes
D. Gather below unstable snowfields

30 During an ash-producing volcanic eruption, which action best reduces respiratory exposure?

Volcanic eruptions Medium
A. Open all doors and windows
B. Drive toward the ash plume
C. Sweep ash into open drains
D. Wear suitable masks and stay indoors

31 A factory stores flammable chemicals near a densely populated neighborhood. Which prevention measure is most appropriate?

Manmade disasters Medium
A. Strengthen inspections and emergency planning
B. Restrict information about hazards
C. Increase storage near residential areas
D. Ignore minor safety violations

32 Following a nuclear release warning, authorities advise residents to shelter indoors. Why is this recommended?

Nuclear disasters Medium
A. Buildings can reduce exposure to radiation
B. Outdoor air always neutralizes radiation
C. Radiation affects only vehicles
D. Sheltering increases radioactive exposure

33 A toxic gas leak occurs upwind of a residential area. Which immediate action is generally safest for residents?

Chemical disasters Medium
A. Remain beside the leaking container
B. Use flames to identify the gas
C. Follow official instructions and move crosswind or upwind
D. Move toward the visible cloud

34 During an outbreak of a contagious disease, which measure most directly interrupts transmission?

Biological disasters Medium
A. Use isolation, hygiene, and vaccination when available
B. Increase crowding in public places
C. Share unverified remedies
D. Ignore symptomatic individuals

35 After a tanker collision, an unknown liquid is leaking onto the road. What should bystanders do first?

Transport accidents Medium
A. Light a match to test flammability
B. Touch the liquid with bare hands
C. Keep away and alert emergency services
D. Approach to identify the liquid

36 Why does a national disaster management framework assign responsibilities before disasters occur?

National disaster management framework Medium
A. To eliminate the need for local planning
B. To delay decisions during emergencies
C. To replace hazard monitoring systems
D. To clarify coordination and accountability

37 A flood has displaced thousands of people. Which governmental action should be prioritized during the initial response?

Role of governmental agencies in disaster response Medium
A. Provide search, rescue, shelter, and essential services
B. Wait for private donations before acting
C. Suspend all emergency communications
D. Begin long-term tourism promotion

38 A local health system is overwhelmed after an earthquake. How can an experienced NGO contribute most effectively?

Role of NGOs in disaster response Medium
A. Prevent coordination with local authorities
B. Distribute supplies without needs assessment
C. Provide specialized medical and relief support
D. Duplicate every government activity

39 Why are community-based organizations valuable during the first hours after a disaster?

Role of community-based organizations in disaster response Medium
A. They can replace all technical agencies
B. They usually understand local needs and resources
C. They work without communicating with residents
D. They should control national warning systems

40 Which media practice best supports public safety during a rapidly developing disaster?

Role of media in disaster response Medium
A. Share verified warnings and protective instructions
B. Broadcast unverified rumors quickly
C. Publish victims' private details without consent
D. Hide evacuation routes from the public

41 A hazard becomes a disaster primarily when it:

Natural disasters Hard
A. Produces measurable environmental change
B. Exceeds the coping capacity of an exposed community
C. Occurs in an uninhabited region
D. Is officially classified by a government

42 After intense rainfall, a downstream town faces contamination of its drinking-water wells. Which factor most directly increases the health risk?

Water-related disasters Hard
A. Infiltration of untreated floodwater
B. Higher groundwater recharge
C. Reduced surface-water velocity
D. Lower atmospheric humidity

43 A basin experiences alternating flash floods and seasonal droughts. Which strategy best addresses both risks without simply maximizing reservoir storage?

Floods and drought Hard
A. Drain wetlands and deepen channels
B. Restrict all irrigation during rainy months
C. Combine watershed restoration with demand management
D. Use only emergency water tankers

44 During a severe urban smog episode, which public-health action is most appropriate for reducing exposure before pollution levels decline?

Air-related disasters Hard
A. Use water sprinklers only on residential roofs
B. Open windows facing major roads
C. Reduce outdoor activity and improve indoor filtration
D. Increase outdoor exercise at dawn

45 A cyclone warning is issued for a densely populated coastal district. Which decision best reflects risk-based evacuation planning?

Cyclones and storms Hard
A. Wait until rainfall becomes heavier than normal
B. Evacuate the entire state regardless of exposure
C. Evacuate only after landfall is confirmed
D. Evacuate low-lying zones using forecast and vulnerability data

46 Why can the same magnitude earthquake produce very different levels of damage in two nearby cities?

Earth-related disasters Hard
A. Magnitude changes after crossing borders
B. Population density has no effect on losses
C. Earthquake duration is identical everywhere
D. Damage depends on exposure, building vulnerability, and local ground conditions

47 During strong shaking inside a multistory building, which action generally offers the best immediate protection?

Earthquakes Hard
A. Drop, cover, and hold until shaking stops
B. Use the elevator before power fails
C. Stand beside a glass window
D. Run toward the nearest staircase

48 A hillside shows tension cracks after prolonged rain, and a road-cut has removed toe support. Which intervention most directly reduces immediate slope failure risk?

Landslides Hard
A. Add water to compact the upper soil
B. Restore toe support and control surface water
C. Remove drainage channels from the slope
D. Increase traffic vibration near the cracks

49 A snowpack contains a weak layer beneath a recently deposited slab. Which condition most increases the likelihood of a slab avalanche?

Avalanches Hard
A. Removal of all loose snow from the surface
B. Uniform melting over several weeks
C. Rapid loading by wind-drifted snow
D. A gradual decrease in slope angle

50 A community lies downwind of an explosive volcano. Which preparedness measure is most specifically aimed at reducing ash-related respiratory impacts?

Volcanic eruptions Hard
A. Remove warning sirens from public buildings
B. Construct seawalls along the coastline
C. Increase aircraft operations near the crater
D. Stockpile masks and protect ventilation systems

51 A factory accident releases toxic gas into a nearby settlement. Which initial response principle is most appropriate?

Manmade disasters Hard
A. Rely on unverified social-media instructions
B. Enter the plume to identify the odor
C. Wash all exposed materials into local drains
D. Establish a hazard zone and follow protective-action guidance

52 After a suspected radioactive release, why is sheltering indoors sometimes preferred over immediate evacuation?

Nuclear disasters Hard
A. Indoor walls can reduce exposure while plume conditions are assessed
B. Sheltering permanently removes radioactive contamination
C. Evacuation always increases radiation dose
D. Radiation cannot travel through outdoor air

53 A tanker overturns and releases an unknown chemical near a school. Which action should untrained bystanders avoid?

Chemical disasters Hard
A. Approaching the spill to identify its smell
B. Keeping people away from the release area
C. Calling emergency services from a safe location
D. Moving upwind and uphill

54 During an outbreak with limited laboratory capacity, which surveillance approach best supports early detection of expanding transmission?

Biological disasters Hard
A. Count only cases from major hospitals
B. Report only laboratory-confirmed deaths
C. Suspend all case reporting until certainty is reached
D. Combine syndromic surveillance with targeted testing

55 Following a train derailment involving an unknown substance, which rescue priority best follows incident-safety principles?

Transport accidents Hard
A. Protect responders and establish zones before rescue operations
B. Allow bystanders to assist without protective equipment
C. Begin mass entry before identifying the cargo
D. Move all injured people through the visible vapor

56 Which feature most improves coordination in a national disaster management framework when responsibilities overlap across agencies?

National disaster management framework Hard
A. Predefined roles, interoperable communication, and unified coordination
B. Complete centralization of every local decision
C. Separate emergency plans for each department
D. Independent decisions without shared terminology

57 A government agency receives conflicting damage reports from several districts. What should it do first to allocate scarce rescue resources fairly?

Role of governmental agencies in disaster response Hard
A. Use verified needs assessments and life-safety priorities
B. Select the district with the loudest media coverage
C. Distribute resources equally regardless of severity
D. Wait for complete data before any deployment

58 An NGO plans to distribute food after a flood. Which practice most reduces the risk of creating dependency or inequity?

Role of NGOs in disaster response Hard
A. Coordinate with authorities and involve affected groups
B. Replace local suppliers with imported goods permanently
C. Distribute identical packages without assessing needs
D. Serve only communities that are easiest to reach

59 Why are community-based organizations often crucial during the first hours after a disaster?

Role of community-based organizations in disaster response Hard
A. They eliminate the need for governmental coordination
B. They can replace all technical emergency services
C. They have unlimited supplies and legal authority
D. They possess local trust, knowledge, and networks

60 A media outlet receives an unverified claim that a dam has failed. What is the most responsible response?

Role of media in disaster response Hard
A. Suppress all disaster-related information
B. Repeat the claim with anonymous certainty
C. Verify the claim and label uncertainty clearly
D. Publish immediately to maximize attention