Unit 2: Emerging technologies and future of the discipline - Practice Quiz

SSC100M — Program Orientation-I 60 Questions
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1 Which technology allows researchers to collect information from connected devices in real time?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Easy
A. Word processing
B. Desktop publishing
C. Email messaging
D. Internet of Things

2 What is virtual reality mainly used to create?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Easy
A. A physical laboratory
B. A printed document
C. A simulated environment
D. A handwritten survey

3 Which technology is commonly used to analyze very large datasets?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Easy
A. Big data analytics
B. Manual typing
C. Typewriter editing
D. Paper filing

4 What does artificial intelligence enable computers to do?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Easy
A. Work without any data
B. Replace every human decision
C. Perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence
D. Avoid all possible errors

5 What is machine learning?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Easy
A. Printing data on paper
B. Learning patterns from data
C. Repairing machines by hand
D. Storing files without analysis

6 In social sciences, digital transformation refers to the use of digital tools to improve what?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Easy
A. Research and professional practice
B. Only traditional lectures
C. Only paper-based filing
D. Only physical transportation

7 Which AI application can help identify common themes in interview transcripts?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Easy
A. Text analysis
B. Image printing
C. File compression
D. Battery charging

8 Which method collects responses through an online questionnaire?

Digital Research Methods Easy
A. Archival restoration
B. Online survey
C. Field excavation
D. Laboratory testing

9 What is social media analysis?

Digital Research Methods Easy
A. Measuring rainfall in rural areas
B. Studying content and interactions on social platforms
C. Repairing computers in offices
D. Designing buildings for public use

10 Which tool is commonly used to organize and analyze numerical research data?

Digital Research Methods Easy
A. Music software
B. Video game software
C. Drawing software
D. Statistical software

11 What is digital ethnography?

Digital Research Methods Easy
A. Studying culture through online spaces
B. Measuring distances with rulers
C. Studying rocks through microscopes
D. Recording weather with sensors

12 What is social innovation?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Easy
A. A method for increasing personal luxury
B. A new type of computer screen
C. A new solution to a social problem
D. A change in office decoration

13 Sustainable development aims to meet present needs while protecting what?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Easy
A. Only private businesses
B. Only historical buildings
C. Future generations
D. Only short-term profits

14 Which example best represents a sustainable social innovation?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Easy
A. Community solar energy
B. Unplanned urban expansion
C. Single-use plastic promotion
D. Wasteful water consumption

15 Which area is included in sustainable development?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Easy
A. Only fashion design
B. Only personal branding
C. Social well-being
D. Only entertainment

16 Which skill is important for professionals working with emerging technologies?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Easy
A. Digital literacy
B. Ignoring new information
C. Avoiding all technology
D. Using only handwritten records

17 Why is lifelong learning important in the future of the social sciences?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Easy
A. Research tools are becoming unnecessary
B. Professional knowledge never changes
C. Education is useful only at school
D. Technologies and methods keep changing

18 Which competency helps a researcher work effectively with people from different fields?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Easy
A. Technical isolation
B. Unplanned decision-making
C. Independent guessing
D. Interdisciplinary collaboration

19 What does data privacy protect?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Easy
A. Office furniture
B. People's personal information
C. Computer screen brightness
D. Internet connection speed

20 What is algorithmic bias?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Easy
A. A faster internet connection
B. Unfair patterns in automated decisions
C. A method of charging devices
D. A secure password system

21 A social researcher wants to understand how residents use a newly developed digital platform to report neighborhood problems. Which emerging technology would be most useful for identifying patterns in the locations and frequency of reports?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Medium
A. Three-dimensional printing
B. Geographic information systems
C. Virtual reality simulations
D. Biometric attendance systems

22 A university uses virtual reality to help students experience how inaccessible a public building may be for a wheelchair user. What is the primary research or educational value of this application?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Medium
A. Creating simulated experiential learning
B. Increasing the speed of data entry
C. Replacing all field observations
D. Eliminating the need for participant consent

23 Researchers analyze public posts, online discussions, and digital interactions to examine how a social movement develops. Which feature of emerging technologies most directly supports this study?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Medium
A. Complete anonymity of every participant
B. Removal of all researcher interpretation
C. Guaranteed representativeness of online users
D. Access to digitally generated behavioral traces

24 A researcher uses a natural language processing tool to classify thousands of interview transcripts by major themes. What is the most appropriate way to use the tool?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Medium
A. Remove ambiguous transcripts from the dataset
B. Use it to support coding and human review
C. Assume frequently used words represent key themes
D. Treat its classifications as final findings

25 An automated system recommends social assistance eligibility using historical administrative data. If past decisions disadvantaged a particular group, what is the most likely risk?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Medium
A. The system will prevent all data errors
B. The system will automatically improve fairness
C. The system may reproduce historical bias
D. The system will eliminate policy disagreement

26 A public policy organization introduces an AI chatbot to answer citizens' questions. Which practice best reflects responsible digital transformation?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Medium
A. Providing human escalation for complex cases
B. Collecting unlimited personal information
C. Hiding the chatbot's limitations from users
D. Allowing the chatbot to make all final decisions

27 A researcher studies online harassment using social media posts collected through a public application programming interface. Which issue should be addressed before analysis?

Digital Research Methods Medium
A. Whether public access permits unrestricted ethical use
B. Whether usernames automatically confirm identity
C. Whether online data require no documentation
D. Whether every post has identical social meaning

28 A survey is distributed through a popular social media platform, and most respondents are young adults with regular internet access. Which limitation is most important?

Digital Research Methods Medium
A. The sample must represent the entire population
B. The sample may have coverage and selection bias
C. The platform guarantees random participant selection
D. The responses cannot contain useful information

29 A researcher combines online survey responses with interview data and platform activity logs to examine digital learning. What is this approach called?

Digital Research Methods Medium
A. Unstructured archival sampling
B. Experimental randomization
C. Single-source content analysis
D. Triangulation using mixed digital data

30 A study of online communities removes usernames but retains detailed quotations that could be searched to identify users. What additional protection is needed?

Digital Research Methods Medium
A. Increasing the number of direct quotations
B. Assessing and reducing re-identification risks
C. Assuming pseudonyms guarantee anonymity
D. Publishing the original account links

31 A community creates a low-cost solar cooling system managed by local cooperatives to preserve agricultural products. Why is this an example of social innovation?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Medium
A. It replaces sustainability with short-term consumption
B. It focuses only on maximizing private profit
C. It avoids participation from affected communities
D. It applies a new solution to a social need

32 A city plans a smart waste-management project that uses sensors to optimize collection routes. Which evaluation measure best reflects sustainable development?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Medium
A. Increased data collection without public benefit
B. Reduced fuel use with equitable service access
C. Faster collection only in wealthy neighborhoods
D. Higher equipment costs without environmental gains

33 A nonprofit pilots a digital platform connecting surplus food from restaurants with local shelters. Which action would best strengthen the initiative's sustainability?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Medium
A. Involving users in design and evaluation
B. Ignoring local food safety regulations
C. Depending permanently on one volunteer
D. Measuring success only by downloads

34 A development project installs internet centers in rural communities but does not provide training or affordable access. What major problem is most likely to result?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Medium
A. A persistent digital divide
B. An automatic improvement in local governance
C. A complete reduction in social inequality
D. An immediate increase in digital inclusion

35 A social science graduate is asked to evaluate an algorithm used by a public agency. Which combination of competencies would be most useful?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Medium
A. Memorization, speed, and independent guessing
B. Graphic design, sales, and informal networking
C. Data literacy, ethics, and domain knowledge
D. Public speaking, advertising, and equipment repair

36 A research team includes sociologists, software developers, and community representatives. Why can this interdisciplinary structure improve a technology-based project?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Medium
A. It combines technical, social, and lived expertise
B. It ensures that technical goals always dominate
C. It guarantees that disagreements will disappear
D. It makes ethical review unnecessary

37 A researcher regularly updates skills in data visualization, privacy protection, and AI assessment. Which professional quality does this behavior demonstrate?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Medium
A. Commitment to continuous professional learning
B. Avoidance of collaboration with specialists
C. Preference for technology without evaluation
D. Dependence on outdated disciplinary routines

38 A university uses an AI system to flag students who may need academic support. Which action most directly supports transparency?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Medium
A. Publishing students' individual risk scores
B. Using the score without any appeal process
C. Keeping the system's existence unknown to students
D. Explaining the system's purpose and major limitations

39 Before using facial-recognition software to identify participants in a public demonstration, what is the most important initial consideration?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Medium
A. Whether the images are available online
B. Whether the software produces results quickly
C. Whether the system has an attractive interface
D. Whether the use is lawful, necessary, and proportionate

40 An AI model performs less accurately for speakers of a minority language. Which responsible response is most appropriate?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Medium
A. Exclude the minority-language speakers from services
B. Report only the average accuracy score
C. Deploy the model unchanged for all users
D. Audit performance across groups and improve the data

41 A research team uses virtual reality to study how bystanders respond to public harassment. Which design choice most directly strengthens the study's ecological validity without eliminating experimental control?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Hard
A. Allow participants to create entirely unstructured virtual encounters
B. Use a fully scripted laboratory interaction with fixed responses
C. Use immersive scenarios based on field observations with controlled variation
D. Replace participants with behavioral data from an online platform

42 A municipality proposes using digital twins to model housing displacement after a transit expansion. Which limitation should researchers treat as most consequential when interpreting the model?

Emerging Technologies in Social Sciences Hard
A. The model may represent residents as stable rather than adaptive actors
B. The model may display results through maps instead of tables
C. The model may require more computing power than a spreadsheet
D. The model may include more variables than a traditional survey

43 An institution introduces an AI system to prioritize students for academic advising. Historical data reflect unequal access to advising. Which intervention best addresses the resulting risk of reproducing disadvantage?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Hard
A. Audit outcomes against protected and access-related groups
B. Use only the students with complete records
C. Increase the model's prediction speed
D. Remove socioeconomic variables from the dataset

44 A language model classifies interview excerpts by political ideology, but its accuracy is lower for multilingual participants. Which response is methodologically strongest?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Hard
A. Translate all excerpts automatically and retain the same threshold
B. Exclude multilingual participants to protect classification reliability
C. Report aggregate accuracy because language is only a technical issue
D. Validate performance separately across languages and revise the training data

45 Researchers use an AI-generated summary of policy consultations to advise legislators. Which governance arrangement best preserves accountability?

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Social Sciences Hard
A. Replace public consultation with repeated model-generated prompts
B. Publish the summary without the source responses
C. Have analysts verify claims against a documented audit trail
D. Allow the model to select which communities require follow-up

46 A study estimates public opinion from social media posts collected through an API. Which combination most directly addresses coverage error?

Digital Research Methods Hard
A. Restrict the sample to verified accounts with visible profiles
B. Increase the number of posts and remove duplicate text
C. Use sentiment analysis and report the most frequent emotion
D. Weight observations using known population benchmarks and document exclusions

47 A researcher studies online discussions about suicide. Posts are publicly visible, but users may not expect academic reuse. Which approach best reflects contextual privacy?

Digital Research Methods Hard
A. Minimize traceability and assess consent expectations before reuse
B. Treat public visibility as blanket research consent
C. Copy the entire discussion to preserve its original context
D. Quote identifiable posts because usernames are technically public

48 A digital ethnographer changes the wording of community posts to protect participants while preserving their meaning. What is the main methodological trade-off?

Digital Research Methods Hard
A. Greater confidentiality always increases the sample's external validity
B. Paraphrasing converts qualitative evidence into experimental evidence
C. Altered wording eliminates the need for participant consultation
D. Greater confidentiality may reduce searchability and evidentiary transparency

49 A platform changes its recommendation algorithm midway through a longitudinal study. Which design best supports causal interpretation of changes in users' political exposure?

Digital Research Methods Hard
A. Discard the post-change observations to preserve baseline consistency
B. Compare all observations before and after the change without adjustment
C. Treat the algorithm change as random for every observed user
D. Use a difference-in-differences design with an appropriate comparison group

50 A network study finds that highly connected users spread misinformation more rapidly. Which inference is least justified without additional evidence?

Digital Research Methods Hard
A. Diffusion patterns may differ across network structures
B. Network position may help explain exposure pathways
C. Highly connected users are the primary cause of misinformation
D. Connectivity is associated with faster observed diffusion

51 A social enterprise distributes low-cost solar devices but increases household debt through mandatory financing. Which evaluation conclusion is most defensible?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Hard
A. The intervention is innovative because it uses a market mechanism
B. Environmental gains must be assessed alongside distributional and financial effects
C. The intervention failed because all financing creates dependency
D. The intervention is sustainable because emissions declined

52 A community-led water project succeeds in one village but fails after replication elsewhere. Which explanation most appropriately challenges simplistic scaling assumptions?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Hard
A. The original project probably used insufficient technology
B. Community participation is generally unsuitable for larger programs
C. Replication may have transferred the model without its institutional conditions
D. Successful innovations should avoid adaptation during expansion

53 A city evaluates a circular-economy initiative only by counting tons of material diverted from landfills. Which criticism is strongest?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Hard
A. A single output measure may conceal rebound effects and unequal benefits
B. Material diversion is unrelated to sustainability
C. Landfill data are always less reliable than interview data
D. Circular initiatives should be evaluated only through financial returns

54 A participatory climate-adaptation project gives every stakeholder an equal vote, but technical infrastructure decisions affect low-income residents most. Which improvement best advances procedural justice?

Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Hard
A. Provide targeted capacity support and assess unequal decision impacts
B. Use identical information materials for every participant
C. Transfer all decisions to technical experts for efficiency
D. Keep equal voting but shorten the consultation period

55 A social science professional must decide whether to deploy a predictive model for child-welfare referrals. Which competency combination is most appropriate?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Hard
A. Policy familiarity, automated reporting, and confidence in historical data
B. Statistical literacy, domain knowledge, ethical judgment, and stakeholder communication
C. Programming skill, rapid deployment, and persuasive presentation
D. Visualization skill, model complexity, and institutional authority

56 An employer values applicants who can use generative AI for literature reviews. Which portfolio evidence most convincingly demonstrates responsible competence?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Hard
A. A polished review with no disclosure of tool use
B. A transparent workflow showing verification, source checking, and limits
C. A collection of model outputs ranked by stylistic quality
D. A long bibliography generated from a single prompt

57 A research organization adopts open science practices, but community partners fear that raw data publication could expose them. What is the most appropriate professional response?

Future Directions and Professional Competencies Hard
A. Publish all data because openness overrides local concerns
B. Abandon transparency because community data cannot be shared
C. Transfer ownership to the organization to simplify publication
D. Use proportionate access controls with documented reasons and alternatives

58 A facial-recognition system has equal overall accuracy across two demographic groups, but false-positive rates are much higher for one group. Which ethical conclusion is most accurate?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Hard
A. The system is fair because overall accuracy is equal
B. The system is unbiased if its training images were publicly available
C. The system may impose unequal burdens despite similar aggregate accuracy
D. The disparity is irrelevant when the system assists human reviewers

59 A university uses an opaque vendor model to detect student distress and automatically alerts administrators. Which safeguard is most essential before deployment?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Hard
A. Increase the number of automated alerts per student
B. Require a more attractive interface for administrators
C. Limit access to the model's output to senior administrators
D. Establish notice, appeal, human review, and independent impact testing

60 A generative AI tool produces a persuasive but fabricated citation in a policy report. Which control most directly prevents this failure from reaching publication?

Ethical issues in AI and responsible use of emerging technologies Hard
A. Require manual verification of every cited source before submission
B. Ask the tool to use a more academic writing style
C. Use only citations that appear frequently in model outputs
D. Increase the model's temperature to generate alternatives