Unit 1: The rise of sociology and social anthropology in India - Practice Quiz

SOC113 — Sociology Of India 60 Questions
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1 Which subject studies society, social relationships, and social institutions?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Easy
A. Psychology
B. Economics
C. Geography
D. Sociology

2 In which Indian university was sociology formally introduced as a subject in 1919?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Easy
A. University of Delhi
B. University of Bombay
C. University of Calcutta
D. University of Madras

3 Who is widely regarded as the founder of sociology in India?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Easy
A. M. N. Srinivas
B. D. P. Mukerji
C. G. S. Ghurye
D. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown

4 Social anthropology mainly focuses on the study of:

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Easy
A. Physical landforms
B. Chemical substances
C. Human societies and cultures
D. Planetary movements

5 Which colonial institution encouraged early studies of Indian society and culture?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Easy
A. Reserve Bank of India
B. Planning Commission
C. Election Commission
D. Asiatic Society

6 Early anthropological studies in India were closely connected with the study of:

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Easy
A. Stock markets
B. Ocean currents
C. Industrial machines
D. Tribes and castes

7 What does professionalization of a discipline mean?

the early phase of professionalization Easy
A. Study of only personal opinions
B. Development of formal training and institutions
C. Replacement of research with journalism
D. Removal of all academic departments

8 Which scholar is associated with the development of sociology at the University of Bombay?

the early phase of professionalization Easy
A. G. S. Ghurye
B. S. C. Dube
C. N. K. Bose
D. Verrier Elwin

9 Which method became important in social anthropology for studying communities directly?

the early phase of professionalization Easy
A. Participant observation
B. Textile production
C. Laboratory testing
D. Satellite mapping

10 Which organization helped promote anthropological research in India after the 1940s?

the early phase of professionalization Easy
A. National Stock Exchange
B. Indian Olympic Association
C. Film Federation of India
D. Indian Anthropological Society

11 Which of the following was a major feature of the early professionalization of sociology in India?

the early phase of professionalization Easy
A. End of field studies
B. University departments
C. Separation from social issues
D. Decline of academic research

12 Who is known for important studies of caste and social change in India?

the early phase of professionalization Easy
A. Charles Darwin
B. Bronislaw Malinowski
C. M. N. Srinivas
D. Max Weber

13 The post-independence period in India began after:

post-independence period Easy
A. 1969
B. 1905
C. 1919
D. 1947

14 After independence, Indian sociology increasingly focused on:

post-independence period Easy
A. Only ancient languages
B. Only foreign societies
C. Social change and development
D. Only biological evolution

15 Which institution was established in 1969 to support social science research in India?

post-independence period Easy
A. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
B. Indian Council of Social Science Research
C. University Grants Commission
D. Indian Council of Medical Research

16 Which area became important in post-independence anthropological research?

post-independence period Easy
A. Rocket engineering
B. Marine navigation
C. Astronomical calculation
D. Tribal development

17 Which concept is associated with M. N. Srinivas's study of social mobility in India?

post-independence period Easy
A. Sanskritization
B. Secularization
C. Globalization
D. Industrialization

18 A major future area for sociology and social anthropology in India is the study of:

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Easy
A. Planet formation
B. Urbanization
C. Chemical reactions
D. Machine design

19 How can sociology and social anthropology contribute to public policy?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Easy
A. By replacing all elected governments
B. By focusing only on laboratory experiments
C. By studying social needs
D. By avoiding community experiences

20 Which contemporary issue is especially relevant to the future of Indian sociology?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Easy
A. Mineral composition
B. Digital inequality
C. Dinosaur classification
D. Planetary distance

21 A researcher uses colonial census reports, district gazetteers, and ethnographic surveys to examine how communities were classified. Which feature of the origin of sociology and anthropology in India does this approach best illustrate?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Medium
A. The rejection of empirical records
B. The separation of social research from governance
C. The influence of administrative knowledge
D. The dominance of laboratory experimentation

22 Why did the study of caste become central to early social research in India?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Medium
A. Caste existed only in urban industrial settings
B. Caste studies avoided questions of hierarchy and identity
C. Caste was treated as unrelated to political administration
D. Caste shaped social organization and colonial classification

23 An early Indian scholar combines textual analysis of classical sources with observations of contemporary village life. What does this combination indicate about the development of Indian sociology?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Medium
A. It treated contemporary society as irrelevant to analysis
B. It rejected indigenous concepts as sources of knowledge
C. It connected historical interpretation with empirical research
D. It replaced fieldwork with purely philosophical speculation

24 A scholar criticizes a colonial description of a tribe by comparing it with the community's own accounts of kinship and customary practices. Which methodological concern is being addressed?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Medium
A. The belief that communities have identical institutions
B. The problem of outsider-centered representation
C. The need to eliminate all comparative research
D. The assumption that fieldwork lacks analytical value

25 Which situation best explains why sociology and social anthropology initially developed along partly different lines in India?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Medium
A. They avoided studying communities and social institutions
B. They used completely unrelated concepts of society
C. They addressed different institutional and research traditions
D. They were established only after economic liberalization

26 The establishment of a sociology department at the University of Bombay in 1919 was significant primarily because it:

the early phase of professionalization Medium
A. Institutionalized sociology as a university discipline
B. Made village studies unnecessary for sociologists
C. Ended all anthropological research in India
D. Transferred social research entirely to administrators

27 A university appoints specialized teachers, introduces degree courses, and creates research seminars in sociology. Which aspect of professionalization is most directly represented?

the early phase of professionalization Medium
A. Creation of disciplinary institutions
B. Removal of sociology from higher education
C. Replacement of research by social reform
D. Decline of academic specialization

28 G. S. Ghurye's work is often associated with the development of Indian sociology because he:

the early phase of professionalization Medium
A. Limited sociology to statistical population measurement
B. Focused exclusively on biological classification
C. Linked caste, tribe, culture, and social change in research
D. Rejected comparative studies of Indian institutions

29 A researcher studies a village through repeated visits, household interviews, participant observation, and local genealogies. This approach reflects the growing importance of:

the early phase of professionalization Medium
A. Laboratory testing of social behavior
B. Fieldwork-based social anthropology
C. Administrative reporting without interpretation
D. Purely text-based social philosophy

30 Why were village studies important in the professionalization of Indian sociology after the early institutional phase?

the early phase of professionalization Medium
A. They replaced analysis with informal personal impressions
B. They demonstrated that villages were socially unchanging
C. They connected sociological concepts with observed social relations
D. They made urban and industrial research impossible

31 A sociologist compares Sanskrit texts about caste with evidence from contemporary village interactions and finds significant differences. What conclusion is most appropriate?

the early phase of professionalization Medium
A. Village evidence cannot contribute to sociological theory
B. Contemporary practices are unrelated to historical institutions
C. Texts always provide complete descriptions of practice
D. Social institutions may differ from textual ideals

32 After independence, sociologists increasingly studied land reform, urbanization, education, and industrialization. This shift mainly reflected:

post-independence period Medium
A. Engagement with nation-building and social transformation
B. Withdrawal from public and developmental concerns
C. The disappearance of inequality from Indian society
D. A return to exclusively colonial administrative questions

33 A post-independence study examines how a development project changes displacement, employment, and kinship relations in a rural community. Which feature of the period does it represent?

post-independence period Medium
A. Exclusive attention to ancient religious texts
B. Study of planned change and its social consequences
C. Focus on biological variation rather than social change
D. Rejection of development as a sociological issue

34 M. N. Srinivas used the concept of Sanskritization to explain a process in which a lower-status group:

post-independence period Medium
A. Receives status only through constitutional amendment
B. Moves permanently from rural areas to cities
C. Rejects all cultural practices of neighboring groups
D. Adopts practices associated with a higher-status group

35 A study finds that electoral democracy changes local leadership but does not eliminate caste-based networks. Which conclusion best fits post-independence sociological analysis?

post-independence period Medium
A. Modern institutions can coexist with traditional social structures
B. Political change occurs independently of social organization
C. Democracy automatically removes all forms of hierarchy
D. Caste has no relevance in contemporary political life

36 The expansion of women's studies, Dalit studies, and tribal studies after independence contributed most directly to:

post-independence period Medium
A. Replacing empirical research with official opinions
B. Removing inequality from sociological investigation
C. Narrowing sociology to elite institutions
D. Broadening the subjects and perspectives of sociology

37 A researcher combines digital media analysis, interviews, and neighborhood observation to study migrant networks. Which prospect of the discipline does this illustrate?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Medium
A. Return to colonial categories as the sole framework
B. Abandonment of fieldwork in favor of speculation
C. Methodological adaptation to new social realities
D. Restriction of sociology to rural communities

38 Climate migration, public health, and platform-based employment are studied jointly by sociologists, economists, and environmental researchers. What does this collaboration demonstrate?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Medium
A. The impossibility of studying complex social problems
B. The value of interdisciplinary social research
C. The replacement of social analysis by natural science
D. The loss of sociology's connection with society

39 When studying an indigenous community, a researcher obtains informed consent, protects confidential information, and shares findings with participants. These practices primarily strengthen:

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Medium
A. The objectification of research participants
B. Ethical and collaborative research
C. The separation of knowledge from public responsibility
D. Administrative control over communities

40 Which research agenda would best demonstrate the future relevance of sociology and social anthropology in India?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Medium
A. Examining society without involving affected communities
B. Limiting research to fixed classifications from the colonial period
C. Avoiding policy questions and contemporary social problems
D. Studying inequality, technology, identity, and environmental change

41 Which combination best explains why sociology and social anthropology in India developed through both colonial knowledge systems and indigenous intellectual traditions?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Hard
A. Missionary education combined with rejection of indigenous categories
B. Industrialization combined with exclusively European university curricula
C. Nationalist politics combined with the disappearance of ethnographic research
D. Census classification combined with reformist and classical social thought

42 What is the most defensible interpretation of colonial censuses for the history of Indian sociology?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Hard
A. They made village-level ethnography unnecessary for social analysis
B. They produced administrative categories that also reshaped social identities
C. They eliminated local understandings of caste and ethnic difference
D. They supplied neutral measurements of pre-existing communities

43 Why is the study of caste by early Indian sociologists best understood as an analytical negotiation rather than a simple adoption of Western sociology?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Hard
A. They applied universal theories without modifying their conceptual vocabulary
B. They combined comparative concepts with textual, historical, and ethnographic materials
C. They treated caste as identical to race in every institutional context
D. They rejected empirical research in favor of philosophical speculation

44 Which research design would most directly correct the weakness of explaining Indian social institutions only through classical texts?

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Hard
A. A legal analysis of colonial statutes without local evidence
B. A philosophical reconstruction of an idealized village community
C. A philological comparison of additional Sanskrit manuscripts
D. A survey linking textual ideals with observed practices across regions

45 The contribution of colonial ethnography to Indian anthropology is most accurately characterized as:

origin of sociology and anthropology in India Hard
A. Entirely irrelevant because Indian scholars never used its materials
B. Methodologically identical to later participatory fieldwork
C. Empirically useful but shaped by administrative and evolutionary assumptions
D. Scientifically objective because it avoided political classifications

46 Why was the establishment of university departments more significant than the mere presence of individual social thinkers for professionalization?

the early phase of professionalization Hard
A. Departments transformed anthropology into a purely laboratory science
B. Departments created durable training, research, and disciplinary recruitment structures
C. Departments ensured that sociology remained independent of political debates
D. Departments replaced fieldwork with standardized examination practices

47 Which development most clearly illustrates the distinctive role of Patrick Geddes in the early institutionalization of sociology in India?

the early phase of professionalization Hard
A. He restricted sociology to the interpretation of ancient religious texts
B. He emphasized social surveys connected with urban planning and civic reform
C. He established a genetic classification of Indian tribal populations
D. He rejected interdisciplinary connections between sociology and geography

48 G. S. Ghurye's position in the development of Indian sociology is best evaluated as:

the early phase of professionalization Hard
A. A complete substitution of economic analysis for cultural interpretation
B. A rejection of comparative sociology in favor of laboratory experimentation
C. A purely colonial administrative approach to caste classification
D. A synthesis of Indological interpretation, comparative analysis, and empirical social study

49 Why should the early growth of sociology and anthropology in India not be described simply as a diffusion of European disciplines?

the early phase of professionalization Hard
A. European scholars had no influence on Indian curricula or research methods
B. The disciplines developed without colonial archives, surveys, or ethnographies
C. Indian institutions adapted imported concepts to local problems and intellectual traditions
D. Indian scholars worked only outside universities and professional associations

50 A researcher claims that the first generation of Indian sociologists was either wholly nationalist or wholly colonial. What is the strongest criticism of this claim?

the early phase of professionalization Hard
A. It overlooks how scholars could critique colonialism while using colonial data
B. It ignores that no Indian scholar studied institutions before independence
C. It confuses sociology with economics in every early university
D. It assumes intellectual positions were internally consistent and politically isolated

51 Why did village studies become especially influential in Indian sociology after independence?

post-independence period Hard
A. They replaced all macro-level analysis with purely descriptive anthropology
B. They confirmed that rural communities had uniform institutions across India
C. They demonstrated that villages were isolated from markets and state institutions
D. They offered a manageable site for examining planned change, caste, and democracy

52 What methodological limitation can arise when post-independence village studies treat the village as a self-contained social unit?

post-independence period Hard
A. They necessarily produce nationally representative statistical estimates
B. They may understate migration, markets, state programs, and wider political networks
C. They make caste analysis impossible because villages contain no status groups
D. They prevent researchers from conducting participant observation

53 Which shift best represents the broadening of Indian sociology after the early post-independence period?

post-independence period Hard
A. From empirical research toward the exclusive study of canonical texts
B. From analyses of inequality toward the assumption of social consensus
C. From caste and village studies toward gender, class, ethnicity, urbanity, and power
D. From interdisciplinary work toward strict separation from political economy

54 How did the expansion of development planning affect the post-independence relationship between sociology and the state?

post-independence period Hard
A. It ensured that sociological findings were automatically implemented as policy
B. It created opportunities for policy research while raising questions about disciplinary autonomy
C. It made ethnographic methods unacceptable in government-sponsored studies
D. It removed sociologists from applied research because planning was purely economic

55 A study of affirmative action examines official policy, caste associations, household narratives, and electoral campaigns. Which post-independence methodological tendency does this best represent?

post-independence period Hard
A. A textualist approach that treats administrative categories as social facts
B. A structural-functionalist approach that excludes conflict and mobilization
C. A diffusionist approach that explains caste only through cultural borrowing
D. A multi-level approach linking institutions, identities, lived experience, and politics

56 Why did feminist and Dalit scholarship significantly challenge established approaches in Indian sociology?

post-independence period Hard
A. They demonstrated that caste and gender were unrelated to economic institutions
B. They replaced empirical research with personal opinion and political advocacy
C. They rejected historical analysis in favor of biological explanations
D. They questioned whose experiences defined social theory and whose knowledge counted

57 Which research strategy best reflects a decolonizing prospect for sociology and social anthropology in India?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Hard
A. Using local concepts critically while retaining reflexive comparison and methodological rigor
B. Abandoning all comparative concepts in favor of isolated local description
C. Treating indigenous knowledge as authentic and therefore beyond critical examination
D. Replacing English-language scholarship with one standardized regional vocabulary

58 What is the principal sociological risk of relying on large digital datasets to study Indian society?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Hard
A. Digital methods cannot identify patterns of inequality or political participation
B. Quantitative data prevent researchers from studying historical change
C. Digital data automatically eliminate sampling and measurement problems
D. Digitally visible populations may be mistaken for the whole population

59 Which combination most strengthens the future relevance of sociology and social anthropology in India?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Hard
A. Interdisciplinary research, public engagement, methodological pluralism, and ethical reflexivity
B. Narrow specialization, archival closure, theoretical uniformity, and administrative dependence
C. Exclusive survey research, disciplinary isolation, urban bias, and data extraction
D. Universal models, standardized categories, technological determinism, and policy compliance

60 A future research project studies climate displacement by combining satellite data, oral histories, community mapping, and analysis of state compensation rules. What is its strongest disciplinary advantage?

prospects for sociology and social anthropology in India Hard
A. It connects material processes, lived experience, spatial relations, and institutions
B. It assumes state categories accurately represent displaced communities
C. It treats environmental change as a purely technological problem
D. It substitutes local testimony for all forms of measurable evidence