Unit 3: Memory - Practice Quiz

PSY103 — Foundations Of Psychology 60 Questions
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1 What is memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Easy
A. The process of controlling body movement
B. The process of changing physical growth
C. The ability to solve every problem
D. The ability to store and use information

2 Which activity mainly involves memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Easy
A. Remembering a telephone number
B. Digesting a meal
C. Blinking when light is bright
D. Breathing during sleep

3 Memory allows people to do which of the following?

Meaning and definition of memory Easy
A. Avoid all emotions
B. Control the weather
C. Increase their height instantly
D. Recall past experiences

4 Which memory process involves putting information into memory?

Memory processes Easy
A. Retrieval
B. Recognition
C. Encoding
D. Forgetting

5 Which process involves keeping information over time?

Memory processes Easy
A. Storage
B. Encoding
C. Attention
D. Retrieval

6 What is retrieval in memory?

Memory processes Easy
A. Bringing stored information to mind
B. Repeating information without understanding
C. Removing information from the senses
D. Changing information into a code

7 Recognizing a familiar face is an example of which process?

Memory processes Easy
A. Motivation
B. Encoding
C. Retrieval
D. Storage

8 Which process usually comes first when learning new information?

Memory processes Easy
A. Forgetting
B. Reconstruction
C. Retrieval
D. Encoding

9 Which model describes memory as sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?

Models of memory Easy
A. Levels-of-processing model
B. Behaviorist learning model
C. Working-memory model
D. Atkinson–Shiffrin model

10 Which memory store briefly holds information received through the senses?

Models of memory Easy
A. Procedural memory
B. Sensory memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Short-term memory

11 Which memory store holds information for a short period and has limited capacity?

Models of memory Easy
A. Semantic memory
B. Sensory memory
C. Short-term memory
D. Long-term memory

12 Which type of memory can store information for a long time?

Models of memory Easy
A. Echoic memory
B. Immediate memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Sensory memory

13 Working memory is mainly used for what purpose?

Models of memory Easy
A. Recording every sensory detail
B. Holding and using information briefly
C. Removing unwanted memories
D. Storing all experiences permanently

14 Which technique involves reviewing information at increasing time intervals?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. Sensory adaptation
B. Spaced practice
C. Massed practice
D. Free association

15 What is a mnemonic?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. A treatment for vision problems
B. A test of physical strength
C. A condition that causes sleep
D. A method that aids remembering

16 Which study method involves explaining information in your own words?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. Random guessing
B. Visual masking
C. Passive listening
D. Elaborative rehearsal

17 Why can grouping items into categories improve memory?

Techniques to improve memory Easy
A. It removes the need for attention
B. It prevents information from being encoded
C. It makes every memory permanent
D. It makes information easier to organize

18 What is forgetting?

Causes of forgetting Easy
A. The ability to store new information
B. The act of repeating information aloud
C. The inability to retrieve stored information
D. The process of improving concentration

19 Which factor can cause forgetting by competing with other memories?

Causes of forgetting Easy
A. Attention
B. Motivation
C. Rehearsal
D. Interference

20 Forgetting information because it was never properly learned is most closely related to what?

Causes of forgetting Easy
A. Poor encoding
B. Successful retrieval
C. Deep processing
D. Repeated rehearsal

21 A student remembers how to operate a familiar bicycle even after not riding for several months. Which aspect of memory is best illustrated?

Meaning and definition of memory Medium
A. The loss of information through interference
B. The ability to store and later use information
C. The temporary registration of sensory input
D. The conscious rehearsal of every movement

22 When a person recognizes a song but cannot recall where they first heard it, which memory function is operating most clearly?

Meaning and definition of memory Medium
A. Recognition of previously encountered information
B. Permanent storage of every surrounding detail
C. Complete reconstruction of an original event
D. Removal of unrelated information from awareness

23 A learner connects a new psychology concept to an example from daily life. Which memory process is being used most directly?

Memory processes Medium
A. Decay
B. Encoding
C. Storage
D. Retrieval

24 During an examination, a student brings previously studied definitions into conscious awareness. This is an example of:

Memory processes Medium
A. Memory consolidation
B. Sensory registration
C. Stimulus generalization
D. Memory retrieval

25 A student studies vocabulary shortly before sleeping and remembers it better the next day. Which process most likely contributed to this improvement?

Memory processes Medium
A. Consolidation of newly learned information
B. Replacement of old memories by new ones
C. Conversion of explicit memories into reflexes
D. Reduction of attention during learning

26 A witness initially remembers a red car but later reports it as blue after discussing the event with others. Which process best explains this change?

Memory processes Medium
A. Memory reconstruction influenced by later information
B. Improved encoding caused by repeated questioning
C. Automatic transfer from sensory to short-term memory
D. Complete elimination of the original memory trace

27 In the multistore model, information about a flashing light is briefly registered before attention determines whether it enters short-term memory. Which sequence is correct?

Models of memory Medium
A. Sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory
B. Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory
C. Long-term memory, sensory memory, short-term memory
D. Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

28 A person repeats a telephone number silently while searching for a pen. In Baddeley and Hitch's working-memory model, which component is most directly involved?

Models of memory Medium
A. Phonological loop
B. Episodic buffer
C. Visuospatial sketchpad
D. Central executive

29 While following a map, a traveler mentally rotates streets and remembers their locations. Which working-memory component is primarily being used?

Models of memory Medium
A. Central executive
B. Episodic buffer
C. Phonological loop
D. Visuospatial sketchpad

30 A learner combines facts from a lecture with personal experiences to understand a new story. Which working-memory component best integrates these sources?

Models of memory Medium
A. Sensory register
B. Phonological loop
C. Episodic buffer
D. Visuospatial sketchpad

31 A person plans a complex route while shifting attention between a map, traffic signs, and time limits. Which working-memory component coordinates these activities?

Models of memory Medium
A. Phonological loop
B. Sensory register
C. Procedural memory
D. Central executive

32 A pianist can perform a familiar sequence smoothly but has difficulty explaining each finger movement. This performance mainly depends on:

Models of memory Medium
A. Sensory memory
B. Semantic memory
C. Procedural memory
D. Episodic memory

33 Remembering the date of a historical event differs from remembering a personal birthday celebration because the first is primarily semantic and the second is primarily:

Models of memory Medium
A. Procedural
B. Implicit
C. Episodic
D. Sensory

34 A student reviews material over several short sessions instead of studying for one long session. Which technique is being applied?

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Response suppression
B. Free association
C. Massed practice
D. Spacing

35 After reading a chapter, a student closes the book and writes everything remembered before checking the text. Which technique is this?

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Retrieval practice
B. Passive rereading
C. Progressive relaxation
D. Sensory adaptation

36 To remember the order of operations, a learner creates a meaningful sentence using the initial letters of the steps. This strategy is called:

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. Habituation
B. Acronym-based mnemonics
C. Retroactive inhibition
D. Chunking

37 A learner groups a ten-digit telephone number into three meaningful sections. Which memory technique is illustrated?

Techniques to improve memory Medium
A. State-dependent learning
B. Elaborative rehearsal
C. Chunking
D. Directed forgetting

38 After learning a new password, a person can no longer remember the old password. Which explanation best fits this example?

Causes of forgetting Medium
A. Context-dependent retrieval
B. Proactive interference
C. Retroactive interference
D. Sensory decay

39 A student continues to type an old computer shortcut after learning a new shortcut for the same function. Which cause of forgetting is most likely?

Causes of forgetting Medium
A. Decay of sensory memory
B. Retroactive interference
C. Proactive interference
D. Motivated forgetting

40 A student knows the answer to a question but recalls it only after returning to the classroom where it was studied. Which explanation is most appropriate?

Causes of forgetting Medium
A. Context-dependent retrieval
B. Complete memory erasure
C. Overlearning without encoding
D. Retroactive interference

41 A student recalls a childhood event, but later evidence shows that some details were suggested by family members. Which conclusion best reflects the psychological definition of memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Hard
A. Memory is a reconstructed process influenced by encoding and retrieval
B. Memory is accurate whenever confidence is high
C. Memory is limited to information stored consciously
D. Memory is a permanent recording of experienced events

42 A learner studies a concept by connecting it to prior knowledge, later recalls it without prompts, and then applies it to a new problem. Which sequence best identifies the dominant processes involved?

Memory processes Hard
A. Storage, recognition, and rehearsal
B. Elaborative encoding, retrieval, and transfer
C. Chunking, implicit learning, and relearning
D. Sensory registration, maintenance rehearsal, and recognition

43 A person can repeat a seven-digit number immediately but remembers little of a competing conversation heard at the same time. Which interpretation most directly follows from working-memory theory?

Models of memory Hard
A. Working memory uses limited-capacity systems for active processing
B. Sensory memory stores verbal information for several minutes
C. Long-term memory prevents all unattended information from fading
D. Short-term memory stores unlimited information briefly

44 Which study plan would most likely produce the strongest long-term retention of unfamiliar concepts?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Reread the chapter repeatedly in one sitting
B. Memorize isolated terms immediately before the examination
C. Highlight definitions and review them once before testing
D. Use spaced retrieval with explanations and varied examples

45 Students learn List A, then List B, and later recall fewer words from List A than students who studied no second list. This result most strongly demonstrates:

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. Retroactive interference from List B
B. Decay caused by sensory register limits
C. Proactive interference from List A
D. State-dependent forgetting during retrieval

46 A witness initially reports a red jacket, but after hearing repeated descriptions of a blue jacket, later remembers seeing blue. Which process best explains the change?

Memory processes Hard
A. Post-event memory updating
B. Procedural consolidation
C. Maintenance rehearsal
D. Encoding specificity

47 A patient can improve at mirror tracing without consciously recalling previous practice sessions. Which distinction is most clearly illustrated?

Models of memory Hard
A. Prospective memory versus prospective rehearsal
B. Sensory memory versus short-term memory
C. Episodic memory versus semantic memory
D. Implicit memory versus explicit memory

48 Why can a person recognize a familiar face yet be unable to recall the person’s name?

Meaning and definition of memory Hard
A. Recognition provides cues that recall may lack
B. Recall is always less accurate than recognition
C. Names are stored only in sensory memory
D. Recognition and recall rely on identical retrieval demands

49 A researcher finds that participants remember a word better when tested in the same room where they studied it. Which model-based principle does this finding support?

Models of memory Hard
A. Levels of processing
B. Encoding specificity
C. Serial-position effect
D. Working-memory displacement

50 A student answers practice questions without looking at notes, checks errors, and repeats the test several days later. Why is this method superior to rereading alone?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Rereading prevents any information from entering long-term memory
B. Repeated questioning converts all facts into procedural memories
C. Retrieval practice strengthens access pathways and reveals gaps
D. Testing eliminates interference by removing older memories

51 A learner knows a fact during practice but cannot recall it during an exam held after unusually poor sleep. Which explanation is most defensible?

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. The fact moved from long-term to sensory memory
B. Sleep loss guarantees retroactive interference
C. The fact was permanently erased during sleep loss
D. Reduced attention and retrieval efficiency impaired access

52 During studying, a learner organizes terms into categories, links each category to a vivid image, and later reconstructs the list from those links. Which process is most central?

Memory processes Hard
A. Meaningless repetition
B. Automatic proceduralization
C. Elaborative organization
D. Sensory habituation

53 A participant recalls the first and last items of a list better than middle items. If the final items are tested after a delay, their advantage disappears. Which account best explains the pattern?

Models of memory Hard
A. Both effects result exclusively from semantic similarity
B. Primacy depends only on sensory persistence
C. Recency reflects deeper encoding than primacy
D. Primacy reflects rehearsal, whereas recency reflects temporary accessibility

54 A medical student studies symptoms by explaining why each symptom follows from a physiological mechanism rather than memorizing symptom lists. Which principle is being applied?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Semantic elaboration
B. Simple maintenance rehearsal
C. Uncued recognition training
D. Shallow structural encoding

55 A person repeatedly fails to recall a rarely used password but recognizes it immediately when shown several alternatives. Which explanation best fits this pattern?

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. The password was never encoded because recognition is easier
B. The password was converted into procedural memory
C. Recognition proves that forgetting was caused by decay alone
D. Retrieval failure occurred because available cues were insufficient

56 Two people experience the same lecture but later remember different examples because they focused on different details. What does this demonstrate about memory?

Meaning and definition of memory Hard
A. Memory depends partly on selective attention during encoding
B. Memory preserves every experienced detail equally
C. Memory is independent of personal interpretation
D. Memory differences occur only after retrieval begins

57 A learner studies material while mildly anxious and recalls it better when experiencing similar anxiety, although performance is poorer in both conditions than when calm. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

Memory processes Hard
A. Emotional states affect only sensory memory
B. Matching states guarantee accurate recollection
C. State-dependent cues can aid retrieval without improving learning quality
D. Anxiety always improves both encoding and retrieval

58 A person can hold a phone number in mind while simultaneously calculating a tip, but performance declines when both tasks require verbal information. Which model best predicts this result?

Models of memory Hard
A. A long-term system in which capacity is unlimited
B. A sensory register that stores all inputs indefinitely
C. A working-memory system with partially distinct resources
D. A unitary short-term store with no specialized components

59 Which revision strategy best balances desirable difficulty with protection against ineffective struggle?

Techniques to improve memory Hard
A. Avoid testing until every detail feels familiar
B. Practice only in the exact format used on the exam
C. Reread difficult sections continuously without interruption
D. Use increasingly delayed retrieval with feedback after attempts

60 A student learns Spanish vocabulary and later finds that earlier French vocabulary disrupts recall of Spanish translations. This is an example of:

Causes of forgetting Hard
A. Retroactive interference
B. Encoding failure
C. Context reinstatement
D. Proactive interference