Unit 2: Natural resources and ecosystem - Practice Quiz

1 What are natural resources?

2 Which of the following is a renewable resource?

3 Which resource is non-renewable?

4 What is soil erosion?

5 Which practice helps prevent soil erosion?

6 Which activity commonly causes water pollution?

7 Which method helps conserve water at home?

8 What is deforestation?

9 Which action is a remedial measure for forest loss?

10 Which of the following is a fossil fuel?

11 Which energy source produces electricity without burning a fuel?

12 Which action shows responsible conservation?

13 Which practice follows the principle of the three Rs?

14 Which group forms the biotic components of an ecosystem?

15 What is the main function of producers in an ecosystem?

16 Which of the following is a natural ecosystem?

17 What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

18 Which sequence is a correct food chain?

19 What does an ecological pyramid represent?

20 What is ecological succession?

21 A village depends on groundwater, fertile soil, sunlight, and nearby forests. Which statement best explains why these are called natural resources?

22 A town replaces diesel pumps with solar-powered pumps but continues using coal for its electricity backup. Which classification is correct?

23 A sloping agricultural field loses topsoil during heavy rain. Which measure would most directly reduce this problem?

24 An irrigated agricultural region develops white crusts on the soil surface and declining crop yields. Which combination is most likely responsible and useful for correction?

25 A city experiences falling groundwater levels despite receiving normal annual rainfall. Which action would most effectively address the problem?

26 Fish deaths occur downstream from a town after untreated sewage enters a river. Which process most directly explains the deaths?

27 A forested watershed is cleared for roads, and the nearby reservoir soon receives more sediment. Which forest function was reduced?

28 A community forest program allows villagers to collect limited fuelwood while protecting young trees and monitoring regeneration. What principle does this illustrate?

29 A household wants to reduce both electricity costs and carbon emissions. Which change would provide the most direct benefit?

30 Why is energy conservation considered an important remedy for problems caused by fossil-fuel use?

31 Which household practice best follows the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle?

32 In a pond ecosystem, algae capture solar energy, zooplankton eat algae, and bacteria decompose dead matter. Which statement correctly identifies their roles?

33 A wetland is drained and converted into a crop field. Which change is most likely to occur?

34 A reservoir contains water, fish, algae, microbes, dissolved minerals, and sunlight interacting with one another. Why is it considered an ecosystem?

35 If plants in an ecosystem capture units of energy and approximately passes to herbivores, how much energy is available to herbivores?

36 Why does energy decrease at successive trophic levels in an ecosystem?

37 In the food chain grass → grasshopper → frog → snake, pesticide use sharply reduces grasshoppers. What is the most immediate likely effect?

38 Why is a food web generally more stable than a single food chain?

39 A single large tree supports many insects and birds. Which ecological pyramid could be inverted in this community?

40 After a volcanic eruption leaves bare rock, lichens appear first, followed by mosses, grasses, shrubs, and trees. This sequence represents:

41 A groundwater basin receives 100 units of recharge annually. Agricultural pumping is 70 units, natural discharge is 20 units, and industrial pumping is 25 units. Which conclusion is best supported?

42 Which statement most accurately explains why a renewable resource can become functionally non-renewable for a human population?

43 A sloping agricultural field experiences severe runoff despite annual ploughing. Which intervention would most directly reduce both soil erosion and nutrient loss?

44 A region has productive soil but declining yields, surface crusting, and rising electrical conductivity in irrigation wells. Which diagnosis and remedy are most appropriate?

45 A lake receives nutrient-rich agricultural runoff. After algal decomposition, fish mortality increases mainly because of which sequence?

46 A city reduces leakage by 20% but continues to experience falling groundwater levels. Which policy would most effectively address the remaining problem?

47 A forest plantation has high tree density but supports fewer native birds than a nearby natural forest. Which explanation is most defensible?

48 A watershed loses forest cover on upper slopes. Which combined change is most likely during intense rainfall?

49 Two electricity systems provide equal annual output. System A has lower carbon emissions but produces hazardous waste requiring long-term isolation. System B has higher emissions but readily recyclable components. Which assessment is most appropriate?

50 A solar-powered irrigation system is installed in a water-stressed region. Which policy package best prevents one environmental problem from intensifying another?

51 Which household action generally has the greatest conservation value when it prevents the need to produce and transport a replacement product?

52 If decomposers are removed from an ecosystem while producers and consumers initially remain, which change is most likely over time?

53 A wetland is drained and replaced by an agricultural field. Which ecosystem-level function is most likely to decline immediately, even if food production increases?

54 If producers capture kJ of energy and transfer 12% to primary consumers, while secondary consumers receive 15% of primary-consumer energy, how much reaches secondary consumers?

55 Why can an ecosystem contain substantial energy in detritus even when energy transfer through grazing food chains is relatively low?

56 In a food web, a pesticide sharply reduces a top predator. Herbivore abundance rises and plant biomass falls. This pattern best illustrates which process?

57 A biomass pyramid in a pond is inverted, with phytoplankton biomass smaller than zooplankton biomass. Which explanation resolves this apparent contradiction?

58 After a volcanic eruption leaves exposed rock with no soil, which sequence best represents primary succession?

59 A grassland abandoned after cultivation develops into shrubland and later woodland. Compared with succession on bare rock, this process is generally faster because it begins with which feature?

60 Why is a pyramid of energy always upright, whereas pyramids of biomass or numbers may be inverted?