Unit 6: Embedded system and its application - Practice Quiz

1 What is an embedded system?

2 Which of the following is an example of an embedded system?

3 Which feature is commonly associated with an embedded system?

4 Which device usually contains a CPU, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip?

5 Which device generally requires external memory and input/output components to form a complete system?

6 For a simple battery-operated control application, which device is generally preferred?

7 What is Arduino primarily used for?

8 What is the main function of a sensor in an Arduino project?

9 Which sensor is used to measure the temperature of the surroundings?

10 What is the main role of IoT sensors in plant condition monitoring?

11 How does cloud computing support condition monitoring in a plant?

12 Which is a common healthcare application of IoT?

13 Where can data from a wearable health sensor be stored for remote access?

14 Which sensor is especially useful for deciding when a field needs irrigation?

15 What is a major benefit of IoT-based smart irrigation?

16 How can IoT improve maintenance in manufacturing?

17 Which automobile feature commonly uses IoT connectivity?

18 What can cloud computing store for a connected automobile?

19 What is a smart grid?

20 Which device records electricity consumption and can communicate the data automatically?

21 A washing machine must read water-level sensors, control the motor, and respond within fixed time limits. Which embedded-system characteristic is most important for this application?

22 An embedded controller repeatedly resets when a motor starts, even though its software works correctly during bench testing. What is the most likely cause?

23 A battery-powered temperature logger requires low cost, low power consumption, timers, ADC channels, and limited memory. Which device is generally more suitable?

24 Why is a microprocessor often selected instead of a microcontroller for a high-performance embedded system running a full operating system and complex graphical applications?

25 An Arduino with a 10-bit ADC and a reference reads an analog sensor value of 512. Approximately what input voltage does this represent?

26 A push button connected to an Arduino digital input produces random HIGH and LOW readings when the button is open. Which modification best solves the problem?

27 A sensor generates short pulses that may occur while the Arduino is performing other calculations. Which technique is most suitable for counting every pulse reliably?

28 Vibration sensors on several plant motors send readings to a cloud platform. Which cloud function is most useful for predicting bearing failure?

29 A safety-critical plant must shut down a pump within milliseconds when pressure becomes excessive, but its cloud connection has variable delay. Where should the shutdown decision be made?

30 A wearable heart-rate monitor temporarily loses internet connectivity. Which design best prevents loss of patient measurements?

31 An IoT healthcare system sends patient data from bedside sensors to cloud storage. Which measure most directly protects the data from being read during transmission?

32 A smart irrigation system measures soil moisture in four field zones. What control strategy uses water most efficiently?

33 A cloud-based farm system predicts rain within two hours while soil moisture is slightly below its irrigation threshold. What is the most reasonable action?

34 An IoT-enabled production line shows that one machine's cycle time is gradually increasing while product demand remains constant. How can cloud analytics best support production?

35 A factory wants to track each component from raw material to final assembly using IoT tags. Which benefit is most directly achieved?

36 A connected vehicle detects an obstacle requiring immediate emergency braking. Why should the braking decision be processed inside the vehicle rather than in the cloud?

37 A fleet operator receives engine temperature, fuel consumption, and fault-code data from connected vehicles. Which application provides the greatest operational value?

38 Smart meters report household demand to a utility every few minutes. How can the utility use this IoT data to reduce peak load?

39 A distribution transformer reports rising temperature and increasing load over several weeks. What should a cloud-based smart-grid system do first?

40 Voltage sensors across a smart grid produce large data streams, but only abnormal voltage events need immediate cloud transmission. Which architecture is most efficient?

41 A battery-powered embedded controller must sample a sensor every 10 ms, enter a low-power state between samples, and respond to an emergency input within 50 microseconds. Which architecture best satisfies these requirements?

42 An embedded motor controller occasionally misses a safety deadline because a low-priority diagnostic task delays a shared communication routine. Which design change most directly improves worst-case timing predictability?

43 A controller must continue maintaining a safe actuator state after its main application software crashes. Which mechanism provides the strongest direct protection against this failure?

44 A system requires multiple ADC channels, PWM outputs, timers, and deterministic control while using minimal external components. Why is a microcontroller generally preferable to a microprocessor?

45 A vision system must process large images using an operating system, external high-speed memory, and a graphics accelerator, while precise motor control is handled separately. Which partition is most appropriate?

46 An Arduino uses a 10-bit ADC with a 5.0 V reference. A sensor output is 2.50 V, but its source impedance is high enough to cause ADC acquisition error. Which change most reliably improves measurement accuracy?

47 An Arduino reads a slowly varying analog signal, but the readings fluctuate because of electromagnetic interference. Which software and hardware combination is most appropriate?

48 A normally open limit switch is connected to an Arduino input using the internal pull-up resistor. Which interpretation is correct when the switch is pressed and the wiring is intact?

49 A plant condition-monitoring system sends vibration data to the cloud, but network outages must not hide a developing bearing fault. Which architecture is most suitable?

50 A predictive-maintenance model reports many false alarms because vibration levels differ among otherwise identical machines. Which cloud-IoT strategy best addresses this issue?

51 A wearable health device loses connectivity while monitoring a patient at home. Which design provides the safest response for a critical physiological threshold?

52 A hospital wants to share IoT data for research while minimizing patient re-identification risk. Which approach is strongest?

53 An irrigation system uses soil-moisture sensors, weather forecasts, and a cloud platform. Heavy rain is forecast, but one sensor reports extremely dry soil. What is the most robust control decision?

54 A farm has intermittent connectivity and solar-powered sensor nodes. Which communication strategy best balances data usefulness and energy consumption?

55 A factory connects legacy machines to a cloud analytics system. Which gateway design best reduces operational risk?

56 A cloud model predicts tool wear accurately only when spindle speed and material type are included. What does this indicate about the monitoring system?

57 An autonomous vehicle must apply emergency braking even when cellular service is unavailable. Which allocation is most appropriate?

58 A connected vehicle receives an over-the-air software update. Which control most directly prevents installation of a malicious or corrupted update?

59 A smart-grid demand-response controller receives delayed measurements during a communication disturbance. Which strategy best limits unstable control behavior?

60 A utility aggregates millions of smart-meter readings in the cloud. It needs detailed load forecasting but wants to reduce privacy exposure. Which approach is most appropriate?