1Which of the following nitrogenous fertilizers has the highest percentage of nitrogen?
A.Anhydrous Ammonia
B.Ammonium Sulphate
C.Urea
D.Ammonium Nitrate
Correct Answer: Anhydrous Ammonia
Explanation:
Anhydrous ammonia contains the highest percentage of nitrogen () among all nitrogenous fertilizers. Urea contains N, Ammonium Nitrate contains N, and Ammonium Sulphate contains N.
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2What is the chemical formula of Urea?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Urea is an organic amide with the chemical formula (Carbamide).
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3Single Super Phosphate (SSP) contains which of the following secondary nutrients in addition to Phosphorus?
A.Sulphur and Zinc
B.Calcium and Sulphur
C.Calcium and Magnesium
D.Magnesium and Sulphur
Correct Answer: Calcium and Sulphur
Explanation:
SSP typically contains , Calcium, and Sulphur.
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4Which potassic fertilizer is most suitable for chloride-sensitive crops like tobacco and potato?
A.Sylvite
B.Muriate of Potash (MOP)
C.Sulphate of Potash (SOP)
D.Potassium Chloride
Correct Answer: Sulphate of Potash (SOP)
Explanation:
Sulphate of Potash () is preferred for chloride-sensitive crops because Muriate of Potash () contains chloride ions which can adversely affect the quality (burning quality in tobacco, starch content in potato).
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5According to the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), what is the maximum permissible limit of biuret in Urea?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The FCO specifies that the biuret content in urea should not exceed by weight, as high biuret concentrations can be toxic to plants.
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6Which fertilizer is commonly known as 'Kisan Khad'?
A.Diammonium Phosphate
B.Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
C.Urea
D.Ammonium Sulphate
Correct Answer: Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
Explanation:
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) is neutral in reaction and is widely referred to as 'Kisan Khad' (Farmer's Manure) due to its safety and suitability for various soils.
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7Identify the complex fertilizer from the following list.
A.Single Super Phosphate
B.Muriate of Potash
C.Urea
D.Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
Correct Answer: Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
Explanation:
DAP is a complex fertilizer because it supplies two primary nutrients: Nitrogen () and Phosphorus ().
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8What is the conversion factor to calculate elemental Phosphorus () from Phosphate ()?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
To convert the oxide form () to the elemental form (), multiply by . Conversely, .
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9Which soil amendment is primarily used to reclaim Alkali (Sodic) soils?
A.Dolomite
B.Gypsum ()
C.Basic Slag
D.Lime ()
Correct Answer: Gypsum ()
Explanation:
Gypsum is used to reclaim alkali soils by replacing exchangeable Sodium () on the soil complex with Calcium (), improving soil structure and permeability.
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10Rock phosphate is most effective when applied to which type of soil?
A.Saline soil
B.Strongly Acidic soil
C.Alkaline soil
D.Neutral soil
Correct Answer: Strongly Acidic soil
Explanation:
Rock phosphate is water-insoluble but citrate soluble. It requires acidity to dissolve and release phosphorus, making it suitable for acidic soils.
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11What is the Critical Relative Humidity (CRH) of a fertilizer usually an indicator of?
A.Hygroscopicity
B.Nutrient content
C.Acidity
D.Particle size
Correct Answer: Hygroscopicity
Explanation:
CRH is the humidity level at which a fertilizer begins to absorb moisture from the atmosphere. A lower CRH indicates higher hygroscopicity.
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12Which of the following is a water-soluble phosphatic fertilizer?
A.Basic Slag
B.Dicalcium Phosphate
C.Single Super Phosphate (SSP)
D.Rock Phosphate
Correct Answer: Single Super Phosphate (SSP)
Explanation:
SSP contains monocalcium phosphate, which is water-soluble, making the phosphorus immediately available to plants. Rock phosphate and Basic slag are insoluble, and Dicalcium Phosphate is citrate soluble.
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13What is the approximate size range of particles in Nano-fertilizers?
A. nm
B. nm
C. microns
D. mm
Correct Answer: nm
Explanation:
Nano-fertilizers utilize particles within the nanoscale range, typically defined as to nanometers, which increases surface area and nutrient use efficiency.
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14Which chemical is commonly used as a nitrification inhibitor to reduce nitrogen losses from Urea?
A.Neem Oil
B.DAP
C.Formaldehyde
D.Gypsum
Correct Answer: Neem Oil
Explanation:
Neem oil coating on urea inhibits the activity of nitrifying bacteria, slowing down the conversion of ammonium to nitrate (nitrification), thus reducing leaching and denitrification losses.
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15Basic Slag is a byproduct of which industry?
A.Paper industry
B.Sugar industry
C.Steel industry
D.Textile industry
Correct Answer: Steel industry
Explanation:
Basic slag is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing industry (open-hearth method) and is used as a phosphatic fertilizer and liming material.
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16What is the nutrient composition of Muriate of Potash (MOP)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Muriate of Potash () typically contains . Sulphate of Potash usually contains .
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17The Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) was promulgated in India in which year?
A.1955
B.1985
C.1990
D.1966
Correct Answer: 1985
Explanation:
The current Fertilizer (Control) Order was enacted in 1985 under the Essential Commodities Act to regulate the trade, price, quality, and distribution of fertilizers.
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18Which of the following is an example of a 'Straight Fertilizer'?
A.Nitrophosphate
B.DAP
C.NPK 19:19:19
D.Urea
Correct Answer: Urea
Explanation:
A straight fertilizer supplies only one primary nutrient. Urea supplies only Nitrogen. The others are complex or mixed fertilizers supplying two or more primary nutrients.
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19In the context of micronutrient fertilizers, what does 'EDTA' stand for?
A.Elemental Dust Treatment Agent
B.Ethylene Di-amine Tri-Ammonium
C.Ethyl Diamine Tetra Acetic acid
D.Ethyl Di-Phosphate Acid
Correct Answer: Ethyl Diamine Tetra Acetic acid
Explanation:
EDTA is a synthetic chelating agent used to keep micronutrients like Zinc, Iron, and Manganese in a soluble form available to plants.
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20Which material is used to treat Acid soils?
A.Iron Pyrite
B.Sulphur
C.Gypsum
D.Limestone ()
Correct Answer: Limestone ()
Explanation:
Limestone (Calcium Carbonate) neutralizes soil acidity by reacting with hydrogen ions. Gypsum, Pyrite, and Sulphur are generally used to treat alkaline/sodic soils or reduce pH.
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21Customized fertilizers are defined as fertilizers that are:
A.Only available in liquid form
B.Imported from other countries
C.Soil-specific, crop-specific, and area-specific
D.Made entirely of organic matter
Correct Answer: Soil-specific, crop-specific, and area-specific
Explanation:
Customized fertilizers are multi-nutrient carriers designed to contain macro and micronutrients based on specific soil capability and crop requirements in a specific region.
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22Which fertilizer is extremely hygroscopic and can become explosive under certain conditions?
A.Super Phosphate
B.Urea
C.Potassium Chloride
D.Ammonium Nitrate
Correct Answer: Ammonium Nitrate
Explanation:
Ammonium Nitrate is highly hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) and is an oxidizing agent that can be explosive, which leads to strict regulations on its storage and handling.
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23What is the equivalent acidity of Ammonium Sulphate?
A.80
B.110
C.93
D.60
Correct Answer: 110
Explanation:
Equivalent acidity represents the amount of required to neutralize the acid produced by a fertilizer. Ammonium Sulphate has a high equivalent acidity of .
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24Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate has the chemical formula:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Heptahydrate indicates 7 water molecules. The formula is , commonly containing about Zinc.
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25Press mud (Filter cake) is a soil amendment obtained from:
A.Distilleries
B.Sewage treatment
C.Coal mines
D.Sugar factories
Correct Answer: Sugar factories
Explanation:
Press mud is a solid waste byproduct from the sugar industry (filtration of sugarcane juice) used as an organic soil amendment, rich in organic matter and nutrients.
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26Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) contains approximately what percentage of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
TSP is a concentrated phosphatic fertilizer containing , which is roughly three times the phosphorus content of Single Super Phosphate ().
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27Which of the following is a citrate-soluble phosphatic fertilizer?
A.Dicalcium Phosphate
B.Monoammonium Phosphate
C.Rock Phosphate
D.Single Super Phosphate
Correct Answer: Dicalcium Phosphate
Explanation:
Dicalcium Phosphate is insoluble in water but soluble in citric acid/ammonium citrate, making it suitable for long-duration crops and slightly acidic to neutral soils.
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28Amide fertilizers contain Nitrogen in the form of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Amide fertilizers, such as Urea and Calcium Cyanamide, contain nitrogen in the amide () form, which must be converted to ammonium and then nitrate for plant uptake.
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29What is the primary advantage of Nano-Urea over conventional Urea?
A.It contains more nitrogen by weight
B.Higher Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)
C.It is cheaper to produce
D.It is solid and easier to transport
Correct Answer: Higher Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)
Explanation:
Nano-urea has a very high surface-area-to-volume ratio, allowing for better absorption and translocation, resulting in significantly higher Nitrogen Use Efficiency compared to bulk urea.
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30Iron Pyrite () is chemically oxidized in the soil to form:
A.Acetic Acid
B.Sulphuric Acid
C.Hydrochloric Acid
D.Nitric Acid
Correct Answer: Sulphuric Acid
Explanation:
When applied to soil, Iron Pyrite reacts with oxygen and water (oxidizes) to produce weak Sulphuric acid (), which helps in reclaiming alkali soils by lowering pH and dissolving calcium carbonate.
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31Which of the following describes 'Caking' of fertilizers?
A.Change of color due to sunlight
B.Loss of nitrogen as gas
C.Dissolution in water
D.Formation of hard lumps during storage
Correct Answer: Formation of hard lumps during storage
Explanation:
Caking is a physical problem where fertilizer particles stick together to form hard lumps due to moisture absorption, pressure, and temperature changes during storage.
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32Borax () is a common fertilizer used to supply:
A.Copper
B.Boron
C.Manganese
D.Iron
Correct Answer: Boron
Explanation:
Borax is the most common source of the micronutrient Boron, typically containing about Boron.
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33Which nitrogenous fertilizer is most prone to leaching losses?
A.Sodium Nitrate
B.Urea (Neem Coated)
C.Ammonium Sulphate
D.Organic Manure
Correct Answer: Sodium Nitrate
Explanation:
Fertilizers containing nitrogen in the Nitrate () form (like Sodium Nitrate) are highly soluble and not adsorbed by soil colloids (which are negatively charged), making them highly susceptible to leaching.
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34Dolomite is a soil amendment that supplies:
A.Magnesium only
B.Potassium and Calcium
C.Calcium only
D.Calcium and Magnesium
Correct Answer: Calcium and Magnesium
Explanation:
Dolomite is a double carbonate of Calcium and Magnesium (), used to correct soil acidity and supply both Ca and Mg.
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35What is the approximate Nitrogen content in Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
CAN generally contains to Nitrogen, with half in the ammoniacal form and half in the nitrate form.
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36Which of the following is considered a '100% Water Soluble Fertilizer' grade commonly used for fertigation?
A.Rock Phosphate
B.SSP
C.Urea Super Granules
D.NPK 19:19:19
Correct Answer: NPK 19:19:19
Explanation:
NPK 19:19:19 is a popular grade of completely water-soluble complex fertilizer used for foliar spray and fertigation (drip irrigation).
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37The term 'Tolerance Limit' in the FCO refers to:
A.The maximum toxicity a plant can handle
B.The expiry date of the fertilizer
C.The maximum amount of fertilizer a farmer can buy
D.The permissible deviation in nutrient content from the guaranteed analysis
Correct Answer: The permissible deviation in nutrient content from the guaranteed analysis
Explanation:
Tolerance limits define the acceptable range of negative deviation between the actual nutrient content found upon analysis and the guaranteed content stated on the bag.
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38Schoenite is a fertilizer supplying which nutrients?
A.Zinc and Iron
B.Calcium and Sulphur
C.Nitrogen and Phosphorus
D.Potassium and Magnesium
Correct Answer: Potassium and Magnesium
Explanation:
Potassium Schoenite is a double sulphate of potassium and magnesium, used as a fertilizer.
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39Which enzyme hydrolyzes Urea into Ammonium Carbonate in the soil?
A.Phosphatase
B.Urease
C.Nitrogenase
D.Dehydrogenase
Correct Answer: Urease
Explanation:
Urease is the soil enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of Urea () into ammonium () and carbonate forms.
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40Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) generally has the grade:
A.18-46-0
B.46-0-0
C.11-52-0
D.0-0-60
Correct Answer: 11-52-0
Explanation:
MAP typically has the analysis 11-52-0 ( and ) or sometimes 11-48-0.
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41Neutralizing Value (NV) relates to the quality of:
A.Potassic fertilizers
B.Liming materials
C.Micronutrient chelates
D.Nitrogen fertilizers
Correct Answer: Liming materials
Explanation:
Neutralizing Value (or Calcium Carbonate Equivalent) measures the effectiveness of a liming material in neutralizing soil acidity compared to pure Calcium Carbonate (which is 100).
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42Which bag material is most suitable for storing hygroscopic fertilizers to prevent moisture ingress?
A.HDPE/PP bags with liners
B.Paper bags
C.Jute bags
D.Cotton bags
Correct Answer: HDPE/PP bags with liners
Explanation:
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) bags with inner polythene liners are used to make the storage moisture-proof.
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43Fertilizers containing Molybdenum are most commonly applied via:
A.Broadcasting in large quantities
B.Mixing with Urea only
C.Deep placement
D.Seed treatment or foliar spray
Correct Answer: Seed treatment or foliar spray
Explanation:
Since Molybdenum is required in very minute quantities (micronutrient), it is most efficiently applied through seed treatment or foliar spray to ensure uniform distribution.
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44Which reaction does Ammonium Sulphate undergo in the soil?
A.Base forming
B.Neutral
C.Volatile only
D.Acid forming
Correct Answer: Acid forming
Explanation:
Ammonium Sulphate is an acid-forming fertilizer. The ammonium ions are nitrified, releasing hydrogen ions (), and the sulphate ions remain, lowering soil pH.
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45Bone meal is classified as which type of fertilizer?
A.Inorganic Nitrogenous
B.Synthetic Complex
C.Inorganic Potassic
D.Organic Phosphatic
Correct Answer: Organic Phosphatic
Explanation:
Bone meal is an organic source of phosphorus derived from animal bones.
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46Liquid ammonia must be stored in:
A.Wooden boxes
B.Open containers
C.High-pressure steel tanks
D.Plastic drums
Correct Answer: High-pressure steel tanks
Explanation:
Anhydrous ammonia is a gas at room temperature and pressure; it must be stored as a liquid under high pressure in specialized steel tanks.
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47Calcium Cyanamide () is unique because:
A.It acts as a herbicide and fertilizer
B.It is 100% water insoluble
C.It is a liquid fertilizer
D.It contains Phosphorus
Correct Answer: It acts as a herbicide and fertilizer
Explanation:
Calcium Cyanamide has toxic intermediate products during its decomposition that can kill weed seeds and soil-borne pathogens, acting as a herbicide/sterilant before providing Nitrogen.
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48The term 'Filler' in fertilizer mixtures refers to:
A.The acidic component
B.The coloring agent
C.Inert material added to make weight/bulk
D.The nutrient component
Correct Answer: Inert material added to make weight/bulk
Explanation:
Fillers (like sand, sawdust, or gypsum) are inert materials added to mixed fertilizers to adjust the nutrient grade or improve physical condition.
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49Sulphur containing fertilizers are particularly beneficial for which crop quality?
A.Starch in potatoes
B.Oil content in oilseeds
C.Sugar content in sugarcane
D.Fiber strength in cotton
Correct Answer: Oil content in oilseeds
Explanation:
Sulphur is a constituent of amino acids (cysteine, methionine) and enzymes required for oil synthesis, making it crucial for oilseed crops.
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50Potassium Nitrate () is widely used in:
A.Reclamation of saline soil
B.Weed control
C.Foliar spray for high-value crops
D.Basal application for paddy
Correct Answer: Foliar spray for high-value crops
Explanation:
Potassium Nitrate (13-0-45) is a high-grade, fully soluble fertilizer often used as a foliar spray to boost fruit quality in high-value crops.