Unit 3 - Practice Quiz

HRT108 50 Questions
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1 Which of the following is a primary merit of sexual propagation?

A. Shorter juvenile phase
B. Development of new varieties through hybridization
C. Production of true-to-type plants
D. Avoidance of viral transmission

2 Plants raised from seeds usually have a longer juvenile phase compared to vegetatively propagated plants. This is a known:

A. Merit of sexual propagation
B. Demerit of asexual propagation
C. Demerit of sexual propagation
D. Merit of asexual propagation

3 Which type of dormancy is caused by an impermeable or hard seed coat?

A. Double dormancy
B. Physical dormancy
C. Morphological dormancy
D. Physiological dormancy

4 The process of mechanically or chemically altering a hard seed coat to make it permeable to water is called:

A. Stratification
B. Vernalization
C. Hardening
D. Scarification

5 Moist-chilling treatment given to seeds to overcome physiological dormancy is known as:

A. Stratification
B. Scarification
C. Pasteurization
D. Fumigation

6 In which type of germination do the cotyledons remain below the soil surface?

A. Precocious germination
B. Epigeal germination
C. Viviparous germination
D. Hypogeal germination

7 Which plant hormone is most commonly used to induce rooting in stem cuttings?

A. Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)
B. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
C. Cytokinin
D. Gibberellic Acid ()

8 What is the primary function of a Mist Chamber in propagation?

A. To provide carbon dioxide
B. To reduce light intensity
C. To increase temperature
D. To maintain high humidity and reduce transpiration

9 Which propagation method involves removing a ring of bark from a branch while it is still attached to the parent plant and wrapping it with moist media?

A. Trench Layering
B. Tip Layering
C. Air Layering (Gootee)
D. Mound Layering

10 The alignment of which tissue is most critical for a successful graft union?

A. Cortex
B. Vascular Cambium
C. Epidermis
D. Pith

11 Which of the following is a potential demerit of asexual (vegetative) propagation?

A. Plants tend to be larger and more vigorous
B. It is slower than sexual propagation
C. It creates genetic diversity
D. Systemic viral infections can be transmitted to the progeny

12 Polyembryony, where a single seed produces multiple seedlings, is commonly observed in:

A. Banana
B. Citrus
C. Apple
D. Grape

13 Which chemical is primarily used for the Tetrazolium (TTC) test?

A. Sodium hypochlorite
B. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
C. Potassium nitrate
D. Indole acetic acid

14 A seed that cannot withstand drying and low temperatures, and must be planted immediately after extraction, is called:

A. Orthodox seed
B. Quiescent seed
C. Recalcitrant seed
D. Dormant seed

15 What is the term for the plant part that provides the root system in grafting?

A. Cambium
B. Interstock
C. Scion
D. Stock (Rootstock)

16 Which grafting method is typically used to repair trees that have been damaged at the base (e.g., by rodents)?

A. Bridge grafting
B. Veneer grafting
C. Cleft grafting
D. Whip grafting

17 Stooling or Mound Layering is the commercial method of propagation for:

A. Guava
B. Mango
C. Banana
D. Papaya

18 In the context of propagation media, Vermiculite is best known for:

A. High cation exchange capacity and water retention
B. Providing nutrients
C. Improving drainage only
D. Low pH

19 What is Top Working?

A. Applying fertilizer to the soil surface
B. Grafting a new cultivar onto the branches of an established tree
C. Pruning the top of the tree
D. Harvesting fruit from the top branches

20 Which type of budding is most successful when the bark 'slips' easily (i.e., active growth)?

A. Cleft grafting
B. Chip budding
C. Whip grafting
D. T-budding (Shield budding)

21 When a scion overgrows the rootstock or vice versa, resulting in a distinct difference in diameter at the union, it is often a sign of:

A. Successful perfect union
B. Nutrient deficiency
C. Localized incompatibility
D. Pathogen attack

22 The use of an Interstock is primarily to:

A. Increase fruit size
B. Overcome incompatibility between stock and scion
C. Speed up the grafting process
D. Save scion material

23 Which of the following is a characteristic of plants grown from seeds (sexual propagation)?

A. Identical to the parent
B. Shallow adventitious root system
C. Deep taproot system
D. High risk of viral transmission

24 What is the primary role of Perlite in a propagation mix?

A. pH buffering
B. Water retention
C. Nutrient supply
D. Aeration and drainage

25 Which substance is often responsible for chemical inhibition in seeds (Physiological dormancy)?

A. Cytokinins
B. Gibberellins
C. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
D. Auxins

26 The 'East Malling' (e.g., M9) series of apple rootstocks became famous for introducing what characteristic to the scion?

A. Gigantism
B. Red fruit color
C. Dwarfing
D. Thornlessness

27 Which method of layering involves bending a branch to the ground and covering a portion of it with soil while the tip remains exposed?

A. Serpentine layering
B. Trench layering
C. Simple layering
D. Air layering

28 In micropropagation (tissue culture), the explant is sterilized and placed on a nutrient medium in conditions that are:

A. High temperature ()
B. Aseptic (Sterile)
C. Septic
D. Anaerobic

29 Which of the following describes Epigeal Germination?

A. Cotyledons remain below ground
B. Seed germinates inside the fruit
C. Cotyledons are pushed above the soil surface
D. Radicle fails to emerge

30 Which grafting technique is also known as 'Tongue Grafting' due to the interlocking cut?

A. Splice grafting
B. Approach grafting
C. Whip and Tongue grafting
D. Saddle grafting

31 The gradual process of transitioning tissue-cultured or greenhouse plants to outdoor environmental conditions is called:

A. Etiolation
B. Vernalization
C. Hardening off
D. Stratification

32 What is the phenomenon called when the stock and scion fail to form a successful union or the tree dies prematurely?

A. Chimera
B. Graft Incompatibility
C. Graft Compatibility
D. Stock-Scion Synergy

33 Which propagation structure utilizes decomposing organic matter (like manure) to generate heat?

A. Hot bed
B. Lath house
C. Mist chamber
D. Cold frame

34 In Approach Grafting, what is the unique requirement compared to other methods?

A. Both stock and scion remain on their own roots during the union process
B. It must be done in winter
C. The scion is detached before grafting
D. It requires no binding material

35 A Lath House is primarily used for:

A. Micropropagation
B. Protecting plants from frost
C. Providing shade to young plants
D. Increasing temperature

36 The breaking of the graft union due to strong wind several years after grafting is a symptom of:

A. Improper wrapping
B. Delayed incompatibility
C. Virus infection
D. Nitrogen excess

37 Which of the following is a structural modification of a stem used for natural propagation?

A. Runner (Stolon)
B. Taproot
C. Anther
D. Petiole

38 In cutting propagation, Bottom Heat is applied to:

A. Kill pathogens in the soil
B. Increase photosynthesis
C. Stimulate bud break
D. Stimulate root formation

39 The ability of a single plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant is known as:

A. Pluripotency
B. Multipotency
C. Viability
D. Totipotency

40 Chip Budding is often preferred over T-budding when:

A. The rootstock is very thick
B. High humidity is unavailable
C. The bark is not slipping (dormant season)
D. The scion has flowers

41 Which seed viability test involves floating seeds in water?

A. Floatation Test
B. Excised Embryo Test
C. X-ray analysis
D. TTC Test

42 What is the effect of the scion on the rootstock?

A. It changes the genetic makeup of the roots
B. It has no effect
C. It prevents root diseases
D. It can influence the vigor and root development of the stock

43 Which propagation structure is specifically designed to trap solar radiation to create a warmer environment (Greenhouse effect)?

A. Lath house
B. Shade net house
C. Open nursery
D. Greenhouse / Polyhouse

44 Serpentine Layering is a modification of simple layering suitable for plants with:

A. No leaves
B. Long, flexible vines
C. Short, stiff branches
D. Thick bark

45 The time required for a seed to germinate is heavily influenced by temperature. The specific temperature range at which the highest percentage of seeds germinate in the shortest time is called:

A. Maximum temperature
B. Cardinal temperature
C. Minimum temperature
D. Optimum temperature

46 Which of the following is an example of Translocated Incompatibility?

A. Mechanical breakage at the union
B. Different growth rates
C. Phloem degeneration leading to a brown line at the union
D. Suckering of the rootstock

47 When collecting scion wood for grafting, it is generally recommended to use wood that is:

A. Several years old
B. Dormant and one year old
C. Succulent and actively growing
D. Flowering

48 Sphagnum moss is widely used in air layering because:

A. It acts as a rooting hormone
B. It is rich in nitrogen
C. It holds 10-20 times its weight in water and has antifungal properties
D. It heats up the branch

49 Polyethylene sheets used in polyhouses are primarily stabilized against:

A. Rain water
B. Insects
C. Infrared radiation
D. UV radiation

50 Rooting of cuttings is often more successful if the cuttings are taken from:

A. Mature, flowering branches
B. Old, thick trunks
C. Juvenile phase tissues
D. Branches with fruit