1 $Which of the following is a primary merit of sexual propagation ?$

A.

Production of true-to-type plants

B.

Shorter juvenile phase

C.

Development of new varieties through hybridization

D.

Avoidance of viral transmission

2 $Plants raised from seeds usually have a longer juvenile phase compared to vegetatively propagated plants. This is a known:$

A.

Merit of sexual propagation

B.

Demerit of sexual propagation

C.

Merit of asexual propagation

D.

Demerit of asexual propagation

3 $Which type of dormancy is caused by an impermeable or hard seed coat?$

A.

Physiological dormancy

B.

Morphological dormancy

C.

Physical dormancy

D.

Double dormancy

4 $The process of mechanically or chemically altering a hard seed coat to make it permeable to water is called:$

A.

Stratification

B.

Scarification

C.

Vernalization

D.

Hardening

5 $Moist-chilling treatment given to seeds to overcome physiological dormancy is known as:$

A.

Scarification

B.

Stratification

C.

Fumigation

D.

Pasteurization

6 $In which type of germination do the cotyledons remain below the soil surface ?$

A.

Epigeal germination

B.

Hypogeal germination

C.

Viviparous germination

D.

Precocious germination

7 $Which plant hormone is most commonly used to induce rooting in stem cuttings?$

A.

Gibberellic Acid ()

B.

Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)

C.

Cytokinin

D.

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

8 $What is the primary function of a Mist Chamber in propagation?$

A.

To increase temperature

B.

To reduce light intensity

C.

To maintain high humidity and reduce transpiration

D.

To provide carbon dioxide

9 $Which propagation method involves removing a ring of bark from a branch while it is still attached to the parent plant and wrapping it with moist media?$

A.

Mound Layering

B.

Air Layering (Gootee)

C.

Tip Layering

D.

Trench Layering

10 $The alignment of which tissue is most critical for a successful graft union?$

A.

Epidermis

B.

Cortex

C.

Vascular Cambium

D.

Pith

11 $Which of the following is a potential demerit of asexual (vegetative) propagation?$

A.

It is slower than sexual propagation

B.

It creates genetic diversity

C.

Systemic viral infections can be transmitted to the progeny

D.

Plants tend to be larger and more vigorous

12 $Polyembryony, where a single seed produces multiple seedlings, is commonly observed in:$

A.

Apple

B.

Citrus

C.

Grape

D.

Banana

13 $Which chemical is primarily used for the Tetrazolium (TTC) test ?$

A.

2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

B.

Indole acetic acid

C.

Potassium nitrate

D.

Sodium hypochlorite

14 $A seed that cannot withstand drying and low temperatures, and must be planted immediately after extraction, is called:$

A.

Orthodox seed

B.

Recalcitrant seed

C.

Dormant seed

D.

Quiescent seed

15 $What is the term for the plant part that provides the root system in grafting?$

A.

Scion

B.

Stock (Rootstock)

C.

Interstock

D.

Cambium

16 $Which grafting method is typically used to repair trees that have been damaged at the base (e.g., by rodents)?$

A.

Whip grafting

B.

Bridge grafting

C.

Cleft grafting

D.

Veneer grafting

17 $Stooling or Mound Layering is the commercial method of propagation for:$

A.

Mango

B.

Guava

C.

Banana

D.

Papaya

18 $In the context of propagation media, Vermiculite is best known for:$

A.

Providing nutrients

B.

High cation exchange capacity and water retention

C.

Improving drainage only

D.

Low pH

19 $What is Top Working ?$

A.

Pruning the top of the tree

B.

Grafting a new cultivar onto the branches of an established tree

C.

Harvesting fruit from the top branches

D.

Applying fertilizer to the soil surface

20 $Which type of budding is most successful when the bark 'slips' easily (i.e., active growth)?$

A.

Chip budding

B.

T-budding (Shield budding)

C.

Cleft grafting

D.

Whip grafting

21 $When a scion overgrows the rootstock or vice versa, resulting in a distinct difference in diameter at the union, it is often a sign of:$

A.

Successful perfect union

B.

Localized incompatibility

C.

Pathogen attack

D.

Nutrient deficiency

22 $The use of an Interstock is primarily to:$

A.

Save scion material

B.

Overcome incompatibility between stock and scion

C.

Increase fruit size

D.

Speed up the grafting process

23 $Which of the following is a characteristic of plants grown from seeds (sexual propagation)?$

A.

Shallow adventitious root system

B.

Deep taproot system

C.

Identical to the parent

D.

High risk of viral transmission

24 $What is the primary role of Perlite in a propagation mix?$

A.

Water retention

B.

Nutrient supply

C.

Aeration and drainage

D.

pH buffering

25 $Which substance is often responsible for chemical inhibition in seeds (Physiological dormancy)?$

A.

Auxins

B.

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

C.

Cytokinins

D.

Gibberellins

26 $The 'East Malling' (e.g., M9) series of apple rootstocks became famous for introducing what characteristic to the scion?$

A.

Dwarfing

B.

Gigantism

C.

Red fruit color

D.

Thornlessness

27 $Which method of layering involves bending a branch to the ground and covering a portion of it with soil while the tip remains exposed?$

A.

Air layering

B.

Simple layering

C.

Trench layering

D.

Serpentine layering

28 $In micropropagation (tissue culture), the explant is sterilized and placed on a nutrient medium in conditions that are:$

A.

Septic

B.

Aseptic (Sterile)

C.

Anaerobic

D.

High temperature ()

29 $Which of the following describes Epigeal Germination ?$

A.

Cotyledons remain below ground

B.

Cotyledons are pushed above the soil surface

C.

Seed germinates inside the fruit

D.

Radicle fails to emerge

30 $Which grafting technique is also known as 'Tongue Grafting' due to the interlocking cut?$

A.

Splice grafting

B.

Whip and Tongue grafting

C.

Approach grafting

D.

Saddle grafting

31 $The gradual process of transitioning tissue-cultured or greenhouse plants to outdoor environmental conditions is called:$

A.

Vernalization

B.

Stratification

C.

Hardening off

D.

Etiolation

32 $What is the phenomenon called when the stock and scion fail to form a successful union or the tree dies prematurely?$

A.

Graft Compatibility

B.

Graft Incompatibility

C.

Stock-Scion Synergy

D.

Chimera

33 $Which propagation structure utilizes decomposing organic matter (like manure) to generate heat?$

A.

Cold frame

B.

Hot bed

C.

Lath house

D.

Mist chamber

34 $In Approach Grafting, what is the unique requirement compared to other methods?$

A.

The scion is detached before grafting

B.

Both stock and scion remain on their own roots during the union process

C.

It must be done in winter

D.

It requires no binding material

35 $A Lath House is primarily used for:$

A.

Increasing temperature

B.

Protecting plants from frost

C.

Providing shade to young plants

D.

Micropropagation

36 $The breaking of the graft union due to strong wind several years after grafting is a symptom of:$

A.

Delayed incompatibility

B.

Virus infection

C.

Improper wrapping

D.

Nitrogen excess

37 $Which of the following is a structural modification of a stem used for natural propagation?$

A.

Runner (Stolon)

B.

Taproot

C.

Petiole

D.

Anther

38 $In cutting propagation, Bottom Heat is applied to:$

A.

Stimulate bud break

B.

Stimulate root formation

C.

Kill pathogens in the soil

D.

Increase photosynthesis

39 $The ability of a single plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant is known as:$

A.

Pluripotency

B.

Totipotency

C.

Multipotency

D.

Viability

40 $Chip Budding is often preferred over T-budding when:$

A.

The bark is not slipping (dormant season)

B.

The rootstock is very thick

C.

High humidity is unavailable

D.

The scion has flowers

41 $Which seed viability test involves floating seeds in water?$

A.

TTC Test

B.

Excised Embryo Test

C.

Floatation Test

D.

X-ray analysis

42 $What is the effect of the scion on the rootstock ?$

A.

It has no effect

B.

It can influence the vigor and root development of the stock

C.

It changes the genetic makeup of the roots

D.

It prevents root diseases

43 $Which propagation structure is specifically designed to trap solar radiation to create a warmer environment (Greenhouse effect)?$

A.

Greenhouse / Polyhouse

B.

Shade net house

C.

Lath house

D.

Open nursery

44 $Serpentine Layering is a modification of simple layering suitable for plants with:$

A.

Short, stiff branches

B.

Long, flexible vines

C.

Thick bark

D.

No leaves

45 $The time required for a seed to germinate is heavily influenced by temperature. The specific temperature range at which the highest percentage of seeds germinate in the shortest time is called:$

A.

Minimum temperature

B.

Maximum temperature

C.

Optimum temperature

D.

Cardinal temperature

46 $Which of the following is an example of Translocated Incompatibility ?$

A.

Mechanical breakage at the union

B.

Phloem degeneration leading to a brown line at the union

C.

Different growth rates

D.

Suckering of the rootstock

47 $When collecting scion wood for grafting, it is generally recommended to use wood that is:$

A.

Succulent and actively growing

B.

Dormant and one year old

C.

Several years old

D.

Flowering

48 $Sphagnum moss is widely used in air layering because:$

A.

It is rich in nitrogen

B.

It holds 10-20 times its weight in water and has antifungal properties

C.

It acts as a rooting hormone

D.

It heats up the branch

49 $Polyethylene sheets used in polyhouses are primarily stabilized against:$

A.

UV radiation

B.

Infrared radiation

C.

Rain water

D.

Insects

50 $Rooting of cuttings is often more successful if the cuttings are taken from:$

A.

Mature, flowering branches

B.

Juvenile phase tissues

C.

Old, thick trunks

D.

Branches with fruit

Unit 3 - Practice Quiz