Unit 3 - Practice Quiz

HRT108 50 Questions
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1 Which of the following is a primary merit of sexual propagation?

A. Production of true-to-type plants
B. Shorter juvenile phase
C. Development of new varieties through hybridization
D. Avoidance of viral transmission

2 Plants raised from seeds usually have a longer juvenile phase compared to vegetatively propagated plants. This is a known:

A. Merit of asexual propagation
B. Merit of sexual propagation
C. Demerit of sexual propagation
D. Demerit of asexual propagation

3 Which type of dormancy is caused by an impermeable or hard seed coat?

A. Morphological dormancy
B. Double dormancy
C. Physical dormancy
D. Physiological dormancy

4 The process of mechanically or chemically altering a hard seed coat to make it permeable to water is called:

A. Stratification
B. Vernalization
C. Hardening
D. Scarification

5 Moist-chilling treatment given to seeds to overcome physiological dormancy is known as:

A. Scarification
B. Fumigation
C. Pasteurization
D. Stratification

6 In which type of germination do the cotyledons remain below the soil surface?

A. Viviparous germination
B. Hypogeal germination
C. Epigeal germination
D. Precocious germination

7 Which plant hormone is most commonly used to induce rooting in stem cuttings?

A. Gibberellic Acid ()
B. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
C. Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)
D. Cytokinin

8 What is the primary function of a Mist Chamber in propagation?

A. To maintain high humidity and reduce transpiration
B. To reduce light intensity
C. To provide carbon dioxide
D. To increase temperature

9 Which propagation method involves removing a ring of bark from a branch while it is still attached to the parent plant and wrapping it with moist media?

A. Mound Layering
B. Trench Layering
C. Tip Layering
D. Air Layering (Gootee)

10 The alignment of which tissue is most critical for a successful graft union?

A. Vascular Cambium
B. Cortex
C. Pith
D. Epidermis

11 Which of the following is a potential demerit of asexual (vegetative) propagation?

A. It creates genetic diversity
B. Plants tend to be larger and more vigorous
C. It is slower than sexual propagation
D. Systemic viral infections can be transmitted to the progeny

12 Polyembryony, where a single seed produces multiple seedlings, is commonly observed in:

A. Grape
B. Apple
C. Citrus
D. Banana

13 Which chemical is primarily used for the Tetrazolium (TTC) test?

A. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
B. Sodium hypochlorite
C. Potassium nitrate
D. Indole acetic acid

14 A seed that cannot withstand drying and low temperatures, and must be planted immediately after extraction, is called:

A. Quiescent seed
B. Orthodox seed
C. Recalcitrant seed
D. Dormant seed

15 What is the term for the plant part that provides the root system in grafting?

A. Scion
B. Cambium
C. Interstock
D. Stock (Rootstock)

16 Which grafting method is typically used to repair trees that have been damaged at the base (e.g., by rodents)?

A. Veneer grafting
B. Bridge grafting
C. Cleft grafting
D. Whip grafting

17 Stooling or Mound Layering is the commercial method of propagation for:

A. Papaya
B. Guava
C. Banana
D. Mango

18 In the context of propagation media, Vermiculite is best known for:

A. Improving drainage only
B. Providing nutrients
C. High cation exchange capacity and water retention
D. Low pH

19 What is Top Working?

A. Grafting a new cultivar onto the branches of an established tree
B. Harvesting fruit from the top branches
C. Pruning the top of the tree
D. Applying fertilizer to the soil surface

20 Which type of budding is most successful when the bark 'slips' easily (i.e., active growth)?

A. Cleft grafting
B. T-budding (Shield budding)
C. Whip grafting
D. Chip budding

21 When a scion overgrows the rootstock or vice versa, resulting in a distinct difference in diameter at the union, it is often a sign of:

A. Successful perfect union
B. Nutrient deficiency
C. Localized incompatibility
D. Pathogen attack

22 The use of an Interstock is primarily to:

A. Save scion material
B. Increase fruit size
C. Speed up the grafting process
D. Overcome incompatibility between stock and scion

23 Which of the following is a characteristic of plants grown from seeds (sexual propagation)?

A. High risk of viral transmission
B. Shallow adventitious root system
C. Deep taproot system
D. Identical to the parent

24 What is the primary role of Perlite in a propagation mix?

A. Aeration and drainage
B. Water retention
C. Nutrient supply
D. pH buffering

25 Which substance is often responsible for chemical inhibition in seeds (Physiological dormancy)?

A. Auxins
B. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
C. Gibberellins
D. Cytokinins

26 The 'East Malling' (e.g., M9) series of apple rootstocks became famous for introducing what characteristic to the scion?

A. Dwarfing
B. Gigantism
C. Thornlessness
D. Red fruit color

27 Which method of layering involves bending a branch to the ground and covering a portion of it with soil while the tip remains exposed?

A. Trench layering
B. Air layering
C. Serpentine layering
D. Simple layering

28 In micropropagation (tissue culture), the explant is sterilized and placed on a nutrient medium in conditions that are:

A. Aseptic (Sterile)
B. High temperature ()
C. Septic
D. Anaerobic

29 Which of the following describes Epigeal Germination?

A. Seed germinates inside the fruit
B. Radicle fails to emerge
C. Cotyledons remain below ground
D. Cotyledons are pushed above the soil surface

30 Which grafting technique is also known as 'Tongue Grafting' due to the interlocking cut?

A. Approach grafting
B. Whip and Tongue grafting
C. Splice grafting
D. Saddle grafting

31 The gradual process of transitioning tissue-cultured or greenhouse plants to outdoor environmental conditions is called:

A. Etiolation
B. Hardening off
C. Vernalization
D. Stratification

32 What is the phenomenon called when the stock and scion fail to form a successful union or the tree dies prematurely?

A. Graft Compatibility
B. Graft Incompatibility
C. Stock-Scion Synergy
D. Chimera

33 Which propagation structure utilizes decomposing organic matter (like manure) to generate heat?

A. Mist chamber
B. Lath house
C. Hot bed
D. Cold frame

34 In Approach Grafting, what is the unique requirement compared to other methods?

A. The scion is detached before grafting
B. Both stock and scion remain on their own roots during the union process
C. It must be done in winter
D. It requires no binding material

35 A Lath House is primarily used for:

A. Protecting plants from frost
B. Providing shade to young plants
C. Increasing temperature
D. Micropropagation

36 The breaking of the graft union due to strong wind several years after grafting is a symptom of:

A. Nitrogen excess
B. Virus infection
C. Improper wrapping
D. Delayed incompatibility

37 Which of the following is a structural modification of a stem used for natural propagation?

A. Petiole
B. Runner (Stolon)
C. Anther
D. Taproot

38 In cutting propagation, Bottom Heat is applied to:

A. Kill pathogens in the soil
B. Increase photosynthesis
C. Stimulate bud break
D. Stimulate root formation

39 The ability of a single plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant is known as:

A. Pluripotency
B. Multipotency
C. Viability
D. Totipotency

40 Chip Budding is often preferred over T-budding when:

A. High humidity is unavailable
B. The bark is not slipping (dormant season)
C. The rootstock is very thick
D. The scion has flowers

41 Which seed viability test involves floating seeds in water?

A. X-ray analysis
B. Excised Embryo Test
C. Floatation Test
D. TTC Test

42 What is the effect of the scion on the rootstock?

A. It prevents root diseases
B. It changes the genetic makeup of the roots
C. It has no effect
D. It can influence the vigor and root development of the stock

43 Which propagation structure is specifically designed to trap solar radiation to create a warmer environment (Greenhouse effect)?

A. Lath house
B. Shade net house
C. Greenhouse / Polyhouse
D. Open nursery

44 Serpentine Layering is a modification of simple layering suitable for plants with:

A. Long, flexible vines
B. Thick bark
C. Short, stiff branches
D. No leaves

45 The time required for a seed to germinate is heavily influenced by temperature. The specific temperature range at which the highest percentage of seeds germinate in the shortest time is called:

A. Optimum temperature
B. Maximum temperature
C. Cardinal temperature
D. Minimum temperature

46 Which of the following is an example of Translocated Incompatibility?

A. Different growth rates
B. Mechanical breakage at the union
C. Suckering of the rootstock
D. Phloem degeneration leading to a brown line at the union

47 When collecting scion wood for grafting, it is generally recommended to use wood that is:

A. Several years old
B. Succulent and actively growing
C. Dormant and one year old
D. Flowering

48 Sphagnum moss is widely used in air layering because:

A. It holds 10-20 times its weight in water and has antifungal properties
B. It acts as a rooting hormone
C. It heats up the branch
D. It is rich in nitrogen

49 Polyethylene sheets used in polyhouses are primarily stabilized against:

A. Insects
B. Infrared radiation
C. UV radiation
D. Rain water

50 Rooting of cuttings is often more successful if the cuttings are taken from:

A. Branches with fruit
B. Mature, flowering branches
C. Juvenile phase tissues
D. Old, thick trunks