A scalar field assigns a single numerical value, such as temperature, to every point in space.
Incorrect! Try again.
2Which quantity is commonly represented as a vector field?
Scalar and vector fields
Easy
A.Mass density
B.Electric field intensity
C.Temperature
D.Electric potential
Correct Answer: Electric field intensity
Explanation:
Electric field intensity has both magnitude and direction at every point in space.
Incorrect! Try again.
3The gradient of a scalar field is a:
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Easy
A.Scalar field
B.Dimensionless quantity
C.Vector field
D.Constant quantity
Correct Answer: Vector field
Explanation:
The gradient is a vector that points in the direction of the maximum increase of the scalar field .
Incorrect! Try again.
4The divergence of a vector field produces a:
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Easy
A.Tensor field
B.Scalar field
C.Vector field
D.Uniform field
Correct Answer: Scalar field
Explanation:
The divergence is a scalar that measures the net outward flow from a point.
Incorrect! Try again.
5What does the curl of a vector field describe?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Easy
A.Local rotational tendency
B.Maximum spatial increase
C.Net outward flow
D.Total field magnitude
Correct Answer: Local rotational tendency
Explanation:
The curl measures the local rotation or circulation of a vector field.
Incorrect! Try again.
6Gauss theorem relates the flux through a closed surface to which quantity?
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Easy
A.Volume integral of curl
B.Surface integral of gradient
C.Volume integral of divergence
D.Line integral of divergence
Correct Answer: Volume integral of divergence
Explanation:
Gauss theorem states that the total outward flux through a closed surface equals the volume integral of the field's divergence.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Stokes theorem relates a line integral around a closed path to a:
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Easy
A.Volume integral of potential
B.Surface integral of curl
C.Volume integral of divergence
D.Surface integral of gradient
Correct Answer: Surface integral of curl
Explanation:
Stokes theorem connects circulation around a closed boundary with the surface integral of curl over the enclosed surface.
Incorrect! Try again.
8Which equation is Poisson's equation for electrostatic potential in a medium of permittivity ?
Poisson and Laplace equations
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Poisson's equation relates electric potential to volume charge density: .
Incorrect! Try again.
9In a charge-free region, the electrostatic potential satisfies:
Poisson and Laplace equations
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
When charge density is zero, Poisson's equation reduces to Laplace's equation, .
Incorrect! Try again.
10Which differential equation expresses conservation of electric charge?
Continuity equation
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The continuity equation states that any decrease in local charge density is accompanied by an outward current.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Which Maxwell equation states that electric charge is a source of electric flux?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Gauss's law in differential form, , relates electric flux density to charge density.
Incorrect! Try again.
12What is the integral form of Gauss's law for electricity?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The total electric flux through a closed surface equals the charge enclosed by that surface.
Incorrect! Try again.
13Which equation expresses the absence of isolated magnetic monopoles?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The equation means magnetic field lines form closed loops and have no isolated sources.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Which differential equation represents Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Faraday's law states that a time-varying magnetic field produces a circulating electric field.
Incorrect! Try again.
15What important phenomenon is predicted by Maxwell's equations?
Physical significance of Maxwell equations
Easy
A.Matter waves
B.Gravitational waves
C.Electromagnetic waves
D.Elastic waves
Correct Answer: Electromagnetic waves
Explanation:
Maxwell's equations predict coupled electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic waves.
Incorrect! Try again.
16For a steady current, Ampere's circuital law is written as:
Ampere Circuital Law
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Ampere's circuital law relates the circulation of the magnetic field intensity to the steady current enclosed by the path.
Incorrect! Try again.
17Maxwell's displacement current density is given by:
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Displacement current density arises from a time-varying electric flux density and equals .
Incorrect! Try again.
18Why did Maxwell add the displacement current term to Ampere's law?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Easy
A.To eliminate magnetic field circulation
B.To include time-varying electric fields
C.To remove steady conduction currents
D.To describe constant electric potentials
Correct Answer: To include time-varying electric fields
Explanation:
The displacement current term extends Ampere's law to situations involving changing electric fields, such as a charging capacitor.
Incorrect! Try again.
19Which equation is the Maxwell-corrected form of Ampere's law?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The corrected law includes both conduction current density and displacement current density .
Incorrect! Try again.
20According to Faraday's law, a changing magnetic field produces a:
Physical significance of Maxwell equations
Easy
A.Circulating electric field
B.Uniform magnetic flux
C.Constant electric potential
D.Stationary charge density
Correct Answer: Circulating electric field
Explanation:
Faraday's law shows that a time-varying magnetic field induces an electric field around it.
Incorrect! Try again.
21Which statement correctly classifies the fields and ?
Scalar and vector fields
Medium
A.Both and are vector
B. is scalar and is vector
C. is vector and is scalar
D.Both and are scalar
Correct Answer: is scalar and is vector
Explanation:
A scalar field assigns one number to each point, while a vector field assigns a vector with magnitude and direction.
Incorrect! Try again.
22For , what is the maximum rate of change of at the point ?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The maximum rate is . Here, , so .
Incorrect! Try again.
23The vector field has what divergence at the point ?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. At , the divergence equals .
Incorrect! Try again.
24What is the curl of ?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Using , the -component is .
Incorrect! Try again.
25For , what is the outward flux through a sphere of radius centered at the origin?
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Since , Gauss theorem gives flux .
Incorrect! Try again.
26Let . A rectangle of sides and lies in the -plane and is traversed counterclockwise as viewed from . What is ?
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Here . By Stokes theorem, the circulation equals the curl flux through the rectangle, which is .
Incorrect! Try again.
27In a region containing a uniform positive volume charge density , which equation is satisfied by the electrostatic potential in vacuum?
Poisson and Laplace equations
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Poisson's equation in vacuum is .
Incorrect! Try again.
28Which spherically symmetric potential satisfies Laplace's equation in a charge-free spherical region that does not include the origin?
Poisson and Laplace equations
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For spherical symmetry, solving gives the general form .
Incorrect! Try again.
29A current density is given by , where is constant. What does the continuity equation predict for ?
Continuity equation
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The continuity equation is . Since , the result is .
Incorrect! Try again.
30A net outward current of flows through a closed surface. At what rate does the charge enclosed by the surface change?
Continuity equation
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The integral continuity equation gives . Thus, the enclosed charge decreases at .
Incorrect! Try again.
31Which differential Maxwell equation relates electric-field divergence to volume charge density in vacuum?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Gauss's law in differential form states that electric charge acts as a source or sink of the electric field.
Incorrect! Try again.
32A uniform magnetic field passes normally through a loop of area and increases at . Taking the loop direction as positive relative to the field direction, what is the induced emf?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Faraday's law gives .
Incorrect! Try again.
33A closed surface is placed in a nonuniform magnetic field. Which result is required by Gauss's law for magnetism?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Medium
A.The net magnetic flux is positive
B.The net magnetic flux equals enclosed current
C.The net magnetic flux is zero
D.The net magnetic flux equals enclosed charge
Correct Answer: The net magnetic flux is zero
Explanation:
Gauss's law for magnetism, , reflects the absence of isolated magnetic monopoles.
Incorrect! Try again.
34In a source-free vacuum, Maxwell's equations predict electromagnetic waves traveling with which speed?
Physical significance of Maxwell equations
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Combining Faraday's law with the Ampere-Maxwell law produces a wave equation with speed .
Incorrect! Try again.
35Which physical conclusion follows directly from Faraday's law ?
Physical significance of Maxwell equations
Medium
A.A changing magnetic field produces a circulating electric field
B.A static electric field produces a circulating magnetic field
C.A static magnetic field produces a radial electric field
D.A changing electric field produces an electrostatic potential
Correct Answer: A changing magnetic field produces a circulating electric field
Explanation:
A time-varying magnetic field gives the electric field a nonzero curl, so the induced electric field circulates around the changing magnetic flux.
Incorrect! Try again.
36What is the magnetic-field magnitude at a distance from a long straight wire carrying in vacuum?
Ampere Circuital Law
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Ampere's law gives . Substitution yields .
Incorrect! Try again.
37An Amperian loop encloses currents and flowing in opposite directions. What is if the positive direction corresponds to ?
Ampere Circuital Law
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The algebraic enclosed current is , so Ampere's law gives .
Incorrect! Try again.
38A capacitor is charged so that its voltage increases at . What is the displacement current between its plates?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For a charging capacitor, .
Incorrect! Try again.
39Which equation is Maxwell's corrected form of Ampere's law in vacuum?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Maxwell added the displacement-current term to account for time-varying electric fields.
Incorrect! Try again.
40Why is the displacement-current term necessary when applying Ampere's law to a charging capacitor?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Medium
A.It makes the magnetic field vanish between the capacitor plates
B.It makes the magnetic circulation independent of the chosen spanning surface
C.It removes the conduction current from the connecting wires
D.It makes the electric flux independent of the capacitor voltage
Correct Answer: It makes the magnetic circulation independent of the chosen spanning surface
Explanation:
A surface cutting the wire encloses conduction current, while one passing between the plates does not. Displacement current makes both surfaces give the same magnetic circulation.
Incorrect! Try again.
41On the punctured plane , consider . Which statement is correct?
Scalar and vector fields
Hard
A. has zero curl on , and its circulation around every closed curve in is zero.
B. has nonzero curl everywhere on , but its circulation around the unit circle is zero.
C. has zero curl on , but its circulation around the unit circle is , so it is not globally conservative.
D. is the gradient of a single-valued scalar field on all of , with circulation .
Correct Answer: has zero curl on , but its circulation around the unit circle is , so it is not globally conservative.
Explanation:
Although away from the origin, is not simply connected. Direct integration around the unit circle gives , preventing a global single-valued potential.
Incorrect! Try again.
42For , what are the maximum directional derivative and its direction at ?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Hard
A. in the direction
B. in the direction
C. in the direction
D. in the direction
Correct Answer: in the direction
Explanation:
At the point, and . The gradient gives both the direction and magnitude of maximum increase.
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43In cylindrical coordinates, . What is ?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Using cylindrical divergence, .
Incorrect! Try again.
44For , which characterization is correct throughout ?
Concept of gradient, divergence and curl
Hard
A., , and is irrotational
B., , and is solenoidal
C., , and is conservative
D., , and
Correct Answer: , , and
Explanation:
All three diagonal derivatives in the divergence vanish, while the paired cross-derivatives in the curl cancel. The field is the gradient of the nonconstant potential .
Incorrect! Try again.
45Let . A closed surface bounds the spherical shell , with the normal defined outward from the shell. What is the total flux through both boundary spheres?
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Hard
A., because the outer and inner boundary fluxes are and
B., because both spherical boundaries enclose the singularity
C., because only the outward normal of the outer sphere contributes
D., because the inner boundary normal points toward the origin
Correct Answer: , because the outer and inner boundary fluxes are and
Explanation:
The singularity at the origin is outside the shell volume, where . The shell's inner outward normal is , so the two fluxes cancel.
Incorrect! Try again.
46For , let be the circle , , traversed counterclockwise as viewed from . What is ?
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Hard
A., because the field has no component in the direction
B., independent of the spanning surface with compatible orientation
C., independent of the spanning surface with compatible orientation
D., because the contour lies in the plane
Correct Answer: , independent of the spanning surface with compatible orientation
Explanation:
Here . Stokes' theorem gives the circulation as the flux through the disk, equal to its area .
Incorrect! Try again.
47Using Gauss' theorem, determine the outward flux of through the cube .
Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (qualitative)
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Since , integrating over the symmetric cube gives .
Incorrect! Try again.
48A solid sphere of radius carries uniform volume charge density . Taking , what is the electrostatic potential at its center?
Poisson and Laplace equations
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Solving inside and matching to the exterior potential gives . Thus .
Incorrect! Try again.
49The charge-free region lies between concentric spherical conductors maintained at and . Which potential satisfies Laplace's equation and both boundary conditions?
Poisson and Laplace equations
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
A spherically symmetric solution of Laplace's equation has the form . Applying the two conductor potentials produces .
Incorrect! Try again.
50Two potentials and satisfy in the same bounded region and have identical prescribed values over the entire boundary. Which conclusion follows?
Poisson and Laplace equations
Hard
A. satisfies Laplace's equation with zero boundary values, so everywhere.
B. may be any nonzero constant because only the electric field is prescribed.
C. satisfies Poisson's equation with source , so uniqueness fails.
D. satisfies Laplace's equation with zero boundary values, so everywhere.
Correct Answer: satisfies Laplace's equation with zero boundary values, so everywhere.
Explanation:
Subtracting the two Poisson equations eliminates the common source. The uniqueness theorem for the resulting homogeneous Dirichlet problem forces their difference to vanish.
Incorrect! Try again.
51A one-dimensional charge and current distribution is described by and . What relation is required by local charge conservation?
Continuity equation
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Substitution into gives .
Incorrect! Try again.
52Inside a fixed sphere of radius , the charge density is spatially uniform and decays as . Assuming a regular, spherically symmetric radial current, which expression satisfies continuity inside and gives the correct outward boundary current?
Continuity equation
Hard
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
Correct Answer: and
Explanation:
Continuity requires . For , spherical divergence gives , yielding and .
Incorrect! Try again.
53Which set gives the four Maxwell equations in vacuum with charge density and current density , using compatible surface and contour orientations?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Hard
A.; ; ;
B.; ; ;
C.; ; ;
D.; ; ;
Correct Answer: ; ; ;
Explanation:
The correct set combines electric Gauss law, magnetic Gauss law, Faraday's law with Lenz's negative sign, and the Ampere–Maxwell law with a positive displacement-current term.
Incorrect! Try again.
54Taking the divergence of and using Gauss' law leads directly to which physical requirement?
Physical significance of Maxwell equations
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Because the divergence of a curl is zero and , the Ampere–Maxwell equation implies the continuity equation and therefore local charge conservation.
Incorrect! Try again.
55A vacuum plane wave has . Which magnetic field is consistent with Maxwell's equations and energy propagation in the direction?
Physical significance of Maxwell equations
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
In vacuum, and . Thus points along , matching the propagation direction.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A long cylindrical conductor of radius carries axial current density . What is the magnetic field magnitude at an interior radius ?
Ampere Circuital Law
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The enclosed current is . Applying gives the result.
Incorrect! Try again.
57During the charging of a capacitor, the same closed contour can bound one surface intersecting the lead wire and another passing between the plates. What inconsistency arises if the original Ampere law is used?
Ampere Circuital Law
Hard
A.It predicts zero for both surfaces because the capacitor prevents steady charge transport.
B.It predicts zero for the wire-cutting surface but for the surface between the plates.
C.It predicts for both surfaces because conduction current crosses both surfaces.
D.It predicts for the wire-cutting surface but zero for the surface between the plates.
Correct Answer: It predicts for the wire-cutting surface but zero for the surface between the plates.
Explanation:
Conduction current crosses the first surface but not the second. Without displacement current, the original law therefore makes the magnetic circulation depend on the arbitrary spanning surface.
Incorrect! Try again.
58An ideal parallel-plate capacitor of area and separation is filled with a linear dielectric of relative permittivity . If , what is the total displacement current through the dielectric?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
With , the displacement current is , giving the stated phase and amplitude.
Incorrect! Try again.
59Suppose Ampere's differential law is corrected to . What must equal for compatibility with Gauss' law and charge conservation in vacuum?
Maxwell displacement current and correction in Ampere Circuital Law
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Taking the divergence and using gives . Matching continuity requires .
Incorrect! Try again.
60A uniform magnetic field exists only inside a long circular region of radius . Assuming cylindrical symmetry, what induced electric field occurs at ?
Maxwell electromagnetic equations (differential and integral forms)
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For , Faraday's law gives . Hence .
Incorrect! Try again.
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