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Unit 1: Introduction to Positive Psychology - Practice Quiz

PSY292 — Positive Psychology 50 Questions
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1 Who is officially considered the 'father' of modern Positive Psychology, following his 1998 APA presidential address?

A. Carl Rogers
B. Abraham Maslow
C. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
D. Martin Seligman

2 Which of the following best defines the primary 'Nature' of Positive Psychology?

A. It is solely the study of mental illness and pathology.
B. It is the scientific study of optimal human functioning.
C. It is a branch of philosophy focused on ethics.
D. It is a pseudoscience focused on positive thinking affirmations.

3 Positive Psychology aims to shift the focus of psychology from a to a:

A. Health/Wellness Model
B. Pharmacological Model
C. Psychoanalytic Model
D. Behavioral Model

4 According to Seligman, which of the following is NOT one of the three 'pillars' of Positive Psychology?

A. Positive Subjective Experiences
B. Positive Institutions
C. Positive Financial Status
D. Positive Individual Traits

5 In the context of the dimensions of Positive Psychology, 'Subjective Level' experiences regarding the past include:

A. Well-being and Contentment
B. Hope and Optimism
C. Flow and Happiness
D. Faith and Trust

6 The concept of 'Flow', a state of complete immersion in an activity, was introduced by which researcher?

A. Ed Diener
B. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
C. Christopher Peterson
D. Barbara Fredrickson

7 Which perspective on well-being focuses on pleasure attainment and pain avoidance?

A. Eudaimonic well-being
B. Holistic well-being
C. Social well-being
D. Hedonic well-being

8 What is the primary focus of 'Eudaimonic' well-being?

A. Accumulation of material wealth
B. Meaning, self-realization, and human flourishing
C. Maximizing momentary pleasure
D. The absence of physical disease

9 In Martin Seligman's PERMA model of well-being, what does the 'R' stand for?

A. Resilience
B. Rest
C. Relationships
D. Resources

10 Which mathematical-like relationship is often used to describe Subjective Well-Being (SWB)?

A.
B.
C.
D.

11 The term 'Positive Psychology' was actually first coined by which Humanistic psychologist in the 1950s?

A. Viktor Frankl
B. Rollo May
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Carl Rogers

12 The 'Easterlin Paradox' relates to the measurement of GDP and happiness by suggesting that:

A. GDP is the most accurate measure of psychological well-being.
B. Increases in income do not correlate with increases in happiness after basic needs are met.
C. Poorer nations are always happier than richer nations.
D. Higher income always leads to higher happiness indefinitely.

13 Gross National Happiness (GNH) was introduced as an alternative to GDP by the leadership of which country?

A. Norway
B. New Zealand
C. Bhutan
D. Costa Rica

14 Which of the following is NOT one of the typical pillars or domains of Gross National Happiness (GNH)?

A. Maximization of stock market value
B. Sustainable socio-economic development
C. Conservation of the environment
D. Preservation of culture

15 A 'Holistic Approach' to human development in Positive Psychology implies:

A. Prioritizing career success over health.
B. Ignoring the negative aspects of life completely.
C. Focusing strictly on biological factors.
D. Integrating physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social dimensions.

16 The 'Value Crisis' in modern society is often attributed to:

A. The focus on physical health.
B. The over-emphasis on materialism and consumerism.
C. The rise of democratic governments.
D. The increase in scientific education.

17 Carol Ryff’s model of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) includes which of the following dimensions?

A. Physical Attractiveness
B. Environmental Mastery
C. Popularity
D. Wealth Accumulation

18 The aim of 'Second Wave' Positive Psychology is to:

A. Reject all findings from the First Wave.
B. Focus only on negative emotions.
C. Integrate the positive and negative aspects of human experience (dialectics).
D. Return to the disease model of psychology.

19 Which theory suggests that positive emotions expand our awareness and encourage novel thoughts and actions?

A. Attachment Theory
B. Self-Determination Theory
C. Set-point Theory
D. Broaden-and-Build Theory

20 In the context of 'Scope', Positive Psychology is applied in education to:

A. Increase standardized test scores regardless of student health.
B. Enforce stricter discipline.
C. Foster character strengths, resilience, and well-being in students.
D. Identify learning disabilities only.

21 Which concept describes the tendency of humans to return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive or negative events?

A. The Virtuous Circle
B. The Hedonic Treadmill
C. The Optimism Bias
D. The Flow State

22 The 'VIA Classification' helps individuals identify their:

A. Psychological Disorders
B. Signature Strengths and Virtues
C. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
D. Career Aptitude regarding salary

23 From a Western perspective, well-being is often associated with , whereas Eastern perspectives often emphasize:

A. Isolation
B. Interdependence and Harmony
C. Pure Hedonism
D. Narcissism

24 What is the primary criticism of using GDP as the sole indicator of national development?

A. It is too difficult to calculate.
B. It includes unpaid labor like housework.
C. It fails to account for environmental degradation and social well-being.
D. It places too much value on happiness.

25 In the context of the Value Crisis, 'Anomie' refers to:

A. The ability to adapt to new cultures.
B. A state of intense happiness.
C. A strong religious connection.
D. A condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values.

26 Which of the following is considered a 'Positive Institution' within the scope of Positive Psychology?

A. A chaotic family
B. A corrupt government
C. A democratic community
D. A segregated school

27 Lyubomirsky's research suggests that approximately what percentage of the variance in happiness is determined by intentional activity?

A. 50%
B. 90%
C. 40%
D. 10%

28 Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits three basic psychological needs essential for well-being:

A. Money, Power, Fame
B. Safety, Shelter, Clothing
C. Sleep, Diet, Exercise
D. Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness

29 The concept of 'Flourishing' is often described mathematically or conceptually as:

A.
B.
C.
D.

30 Which aim of Positive Psychology addresses the prevention of mental illness?

A. The buffering aim
B. The curative aim
C. The diagnostic aim
D. The statistical aim

31 The 'Value Crisis' often leads to a phenomenon where individuals lose a sense of purpose. This relates closely to a lack of which PERMA component?

A. Accomplishment
B. Meaning
C. Engagement
D. Positive Emotion

32 In the holistic approach, 'Spiritual Well-being' generally refers to:

A. A sense of connection to something larger than oneself and finding meaning.
B. Adherence to a specific religious dogma.
C. Regular attendance at a place of worship only.
D. The rejection of scientific principles.

33 Which of the following is a 'Future-oriented' positive emotion?

A. Savoring
B. Optimism
C. Forgiveness
D. Pride

34 The 'Mental Health Continuum' suggests that mental health is:

A. A binary state (either healthy or sick).
B. Simply the absence of mental illness.
C. A complete state consisting of the presence of flourishing, not just the absence of languishing/disorder.
D. Unrelated to societal factors.

35 In the transition from GDP to GNHI, which element is emphasized regarding 'Time Use'?

A. Working as many hours as possible.
B. Spending all time on leisure.
C. Reducing sleep to increase productivity.
D. Balancing work, sleep, and leisure.

36 The 'Gratification' aspect of well-being, as distinguished from simple 'Pleasure', usually involves:

A. Little effort.
B. Strong sensory input (e.g., taste, touch).
C. Engaging one's strengths and virtues.
D. Short-term duration.

37 Which ancient philosophy aligns most closely with the 'Eudaimonic' perspective in Positive Psychology?

A. Hedonism (Cyrenaic school)
B. Cynicism
C. Nihilism
D. Aristotelian Ethics

38 One of the goals of Positive Psychology regarding 'Assessment' is to:

A. Create more labels for mental disorders.
B. Develop metrics for happiness, strengths, and life satisfaction.
C. Eliminate the need for psychological testing.
D. Rely solely on intuitive guessing.

39 A 'Holistic Approach' to development suggests that an individual's value crisis affects:

A. Only their economic status.
B. Their psychological, physical, and social well-being concurrently.
C. None of the above.
D. Only their spiritual life.

40 Which scholar is associated with the concept of 'Learned Optimism'?

A. Albert Bandura
B. Martin Seligman
C. John Watson
D. Sigmund Freud

41 In the context of Human Development, the 'Capability Approach' (often linked to holistic well-being) focuses on:

A. The GDP of the country.
B. How much money people have.
C. What people actually do.
D. What people are effectively able to do and to be.

42 The 'Values in Action' (VIA) Institute classifies virtues into how many core categories?

A. 4
B. 24
C. 10
D. 6

43 Which of the following best describes the 'Prevention' scope of Positive Psychology?

A. Building competencies to minimize the risk of future pathology.
B. Isolating individuals from stress.
C. Prescribing medication proactively.
D. Treating patients after a breakdown.

44 Why is 'Sustainability' often discussed in the context of the shift from GDP to GNH/Well-being indices?

A. Because high GDP always ensures environmental protection.
B. Because sustainability is irrelevant to psychology.
C. Because GNH ignores the environment.
D. Because current economic growth models often deplete resources needed for future well-being.

45 The 'Salutogenic' orientation in health psychology, which aligns with Positive Psychology, focuses on:

A. Genetic defects.
B. The origins of health and assets.
C. Surgical interventions.
D. The origins of disease.

46 In Ryff's model, 'Autonomy' is defined as:

A. Self-determining and independent; able to resist social pressures.
B. Having warm, satisfying, trusting relationships.
C. A sense of realization of one's potential.
D. Managing the environment effectively.

47 A major cause of the 'Value Crisis' is the shift from (community) to (society), which implies:

A. No change in social structure.
B. A shift from impersonal to personal relationships.
C. A shift from close-knit communal bonds to impersonal, self-interest-based associations.
D. A shift from urban to rural living.

48 Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is often used interchangeably with the lay term:

A. Depression
B. Wealth
C. Happiness
D. Intelligence

49 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a holistic approach to development?

A. Interconnectedness
B. Integration
C. Balance
D. Reductionism

50 The ultimate goal of Positive Psychology is to help individuals, communities, and societies to:

A. Survive
B. Cope
C. Flourish
D. Conform
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Unit 2