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Unit 1: Introduction to Positive Psychology - Practice Quiz

PSY292 — Positive Psychology 50 Questions
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1 Who is officially considered the 'father' of modern Positive Psychology, following his 1998 APA presidential address?

A. Carl Rogers
B. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
C. Martin Seligman
D. Abraham Maslow

2 Which of the following best defines the primary 'Nature' of Positive Psychology?

A. It is a branch of philosophy focused on ethics.
B. It is solely the study of mental illness and pathology.
C. It is the scientific study of optimal human functioning.
D. It is a pseudoscience focused on positive thinking affirmations.

3 Positive Psychology aims to shift the focus of psychology from a to a:

A. Psychoanalytic Model
B. Pharmacological Model
C. Behavioral Model
D. Health/Wellness Model

4 According to Seligman, which of the following is NOT one of the three 'pillars' of Positive Psychology?

A. Positive Individual Traits
B. Positive Subjective Experiences
C. Positive Institutions
D. Positive Financial Status

5 In the context of the dimensions of Positive Psychology, 'Subjective Level' experiences regarding the past include:

A. Well-being and Contentment
B. Faith and Trust
C. Flow and Happiness
D. Hope and Optimism

6 The concept of 'Flow', a state of complete immersion in an activity, was introduced by which researcher?

A. Barbara Fredrickson
B. Christopher Peterson
C. Ed Diener
D. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

7 Which perspective on well-being focuses on pleasure attainment and pain avoidance?

A. Eudaimonic well-being
B. Social well-being
C. Hedonic well-being
D. Holistic well-being

8 What is the primary focus of 'Eudaimonic' well-being?

A. Meaning, self-realization, and human flourishing
B. The absence of physical disease
C. Maximizing momentary pleasure
D. Accumulation of material wealth

9 In Martin Seligman's PERMA model of well-being, what does the 'R' stand for?

A. Rest
B. Relationships
C. Resilience
D. Resources

10 Which mathematical-like relationship is often used to describe Subjective Well-Being (SWB)?

A.
B.
C.
D.

11 The term 'Positive Psychology' was actually first coined by which Humanistic psychologist in the 1950s?

A. Viktor Frankl
B. Carl Rogers
C. Rollo May
D. Abraham Maslow

12 The 'Easterlin Paradox' relates to the measurement of GDP and happiness by suggesting that:

A. GDP is the most accurate measure of psychological well-being.
B. Increases in income do not correlate with increases in happiness after basic needs are met.
C. Poorer nations are always happier than richer nations.
D. Higher income always leads to higher happiness indefinitely.

13 Gross National Happiness (GNH) was introduced as an alternative to GDP by the leadership of which country?

A. Bhutan
B. Norway
C. Costa Rica
D. New Zealand

14 Which of the following is NOT one of the typical pillars or domains of Gross National Happiness (GNH)?

A. Sustainable socio-economic development
B. Conservation of the environment
C. Preservation of culture
D. Maximization of stock market value

15 A 'Holistic Approach' to human development in Positive Psychology implies:

A. Focusing strictly on biological factors.
B. Prioritizing career success over health.
C. Ignoring the negative aspects of life completely.
D. Integrating physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social dimensions.

16 The 'Value Crisis' in modern society is often attributed to:

A. The over-emphasis on materialism and consumerism.
B. The increase in scientific education.
C. The rise of democratic governments.
D. The focus on physical health.

17 Carol Ryff’s model of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) includes which of the following dimensions?

A. Physical Attractiveness
B. Wealth Accumulation
C. Environmental Mastery
D. Popularity

18 The aim of 'Second Wave' Positive Psychology is to:

A. Return to the disease model of psychology.
B. Focus only on negative emotions.
C. Reject all findings from the First Wave.
D. Integrate the positive and negative aspects of human experience (dialectics).

19 Which theory suggests that positive emotions expand our awareness and encourage novel thoughts and actions?

A. Attachment Theory
B. Set-point Theory
C. Broaden-and-Build Theory
D. Self-Determination Theory

20 In the context of 'Scope', Positive Psychology is applied in education to:

A. Increase standardized test scores regardless of student health.
B. Identify learning disabilities only.
C. Enforce stricter discipline.
D. Foster character strengths, resilience, and well-being in students.

21 Which concept describes the tendency of humans to return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive or negative events?

A. The Virtuous Circle
B. The Optimism Bias
C. The Flow State
D. The Hedonic Treadmill

22 The 'VIA Classification' helps individuals identify their:

A. Career Aptitude regarding salary
B. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
C. Signature Strengths and Virtues
D. Psychological Disorders

23 From a Western perspective, well-being is often associated with , whereas Eastern perspectives often emphasize:

A. Narcissism
B. Isolation
C. Pure Hedonism
D. Interdependence and Harmony

24 What is the primary criticism of using GDP as the sole indicator of national development?

A. It places too much value on happiness.
B. It is too difficult to calculate.
C. It fails to account for environmental degradation and social well-being.
D. It includes unpaid labor like housework.

25 In the context of the Value Crisis, 'Anomie' refers to:

A. A strong religious connection.
B. A condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values.
C. A state of intense happiness.
D. The ability to adapt to new cultures.

26 Which of the following is considered a 'Positive Institution' within the scope of Positive Psychology?

A. A segregated school
B. A democratic community
C. A corrupt government
D. A chaotic family

27 Lyubomirsky's research suggests that approximately what percentage of the variance in happiness is determined by intentional activity?

A. 40%
B. 10%
C. 90%
D. 50%

28 Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits three basic psychological needs essential for well-being:

A. Sleep, Diet, Exercise
B. Money, Power, Fame
C. Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
D. Safety, Shelter, Clothing

29 The concept of 'Flourishing' is often described mathematically or conceptually as:

A.
B.
C.
D.

30 Which aim of Positive Psychology addresses the prevention of mental illness?

A. The statistical aim
B. The diagnostic aim
C. The buffering aim
D. The curative aim

31 The 'Value Crisis' often leads to a phenomenon where individuals lose a sense of purpose. This relates closely to a lack of which PERMA component?

A. Meaning
B. Engagement
C. Positive Emotion
D. Accomplishment

32 In the holistic approach, 'Spiritual Well-being' generally refers to:

A. Adherence to a specific religious dogma.
B. A sense of connection to something larger than oneself and finding meaning.
C. Regular attendance at a place of worship only.
D. The rejection of scientific principles.

33 Which of the following is a 'Future-oriented' positive emotion?

A. Pride
B. Optimism
C. Savoring
D. Forgiveness

34 The 'Mental Health Continuum' suggests that mental health is:

A. Unrelated to societal factors.
B. Simply the absence of mental illness.
C. A complete state consisting of the presence of flourishing, not just the absence of languishing/disorder.
D. A binary state (either healthy or sick).

35 In the transition from GDP to GNHI, which element is emphasized regarding 'Time Use'?

A. Balancing work, sleep, and leisure.
B. Working as many hours as possible.
C. Spending all time on leisure.
D. Reducing sleep to increase productivity.

36 The 'Gratification' aspect of well-being, as distinguished from simple 'Pleasure', usually involves:

A. Strong sensory input (e.g., taste, touch).
B. Little effort.
C. Short-term duration.
D. Engaging one's strengths and virtues.

37 Which ancient philosophy aligns most closely with the 'Eudaimonic' perspective in Positive Psychology?

A. Aristotelian Ethics
B. Hedonism (Cyrenaic school)
C. Cynicism
D. Nihilism

38 One of the goals of Positive Psychology regarding 'Assessment' is to:

A. Develop metrics for happiness, strengths, and life satisfaction.
B. Rely solely on intuitive guessing.
C. Eliminate the need for psychological testing.
D. Create more labels for mental disorders.

39 A 'Holistic Approach' to development suggests that an individual's value crisis affects:

A. Only their economic status.
B. Only their spiritual life.
C. Their psychological, physical, and social well-being concurrently.
D. None of the above.

40 Which scholar is associated with the concept of 'Learned Optimism'?

A. Albert Bandura
B. Sigmund Freud
C. John Watson
D. Martin Seligman

41 In the context of Human Development, the 'Capability Approach' (often linked to holistic well-being) focuses on:

A. The GDP of the country.
B. What people actually do.
C. What people are effectively able to do and to be.
D. How much money people have.

42 The 'Values in Action' (VIA) Institute classifies virtues into how many core categories?

A. 4
B. 6
C. 24
D. 10

43 Which of the following best describes the 'Prevention' scope of Positive Psychology?

A. Treating patients after a breakdown.
B. Building competencies to minimize the risk of future pathology.
C. Prescribing medication proactively.
D. Isolating individuals from stress.

44 Why is 'Sustainability' often discussed in the context of the shift from GDP to GNH/Well-being indices?

A. Because high GDP always ensures environmental protection.
B. Because current economic growth models often deplete resources needed for future well-being.
C. Because sustainability is irrelevant to psychology.
D. Because GNH ignores the environment.

45 The 'Salutogenic' orientation in health psychology, which aligns with Positive Psychology, focuses on:

A. The origins of disease.
B. Genetic defects.
C. The origins of health and assets.
D. Surgical interventions.

46 In Ryff's model, 'Autonomy' is defined as:

A. Self-determining and independent; able to resist social pressures.
B. Managing the environment effectively.
C. A sense of realization of one's potential.
D. Having warm, satisfying, trusting relationships.

47 A major cause of the 'Value Crisis' is the shift from (community) to (society), which implies:

A. No change in social structure.
B. A shift from impersonal to personal relationships.
C. A shift from urban to rural living.
D. A shift from close-knit communal bonds to impersonal, self-interest-based associations.

48 Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is often used interchangeably with the lay term:

A. Intelligence
B. Depression
C. Wealth
D. Happiness

49 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a holistic approach to development?

A. Reductionism
B. Balance
C. Integration
D. Interconnectedness

50 The ultimate goal of Positive Psychology is to help individuals, communities, and societies to:

A. Conform
B. Flourish
C. Cope
D. Survive
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Unit 2