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Unit 1 - Practice Quiz

PSY292 50 Questions
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1 Who is officially considered the 'father' of modern Positive Psychology, following his 1998 APA presidential address?

A. Abraham Maslow
B. Martin Seligman
C. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
D. Carl Rogers

2 Which of the following best defines the primary 'Nature' of Positive Psychology?

A. It is a pseudoscience focused on positive thinking affirmations.
B. It is the scientific study of optimal human functioning.
C. It is solely the study of mental illness and pathology.
D. It is a branch of philosophy focused on ethics.

3 Positive Psychology aims to shift the focus of psychology from a to a:

A. Behavioral Model
B. Psychoanalytic Model
C. Health/Wellness Model
D. Pharmacological Model

4 According to Seligman, which of the following is NOT one of the three 'pillars' of Positive Psychology?

A. Positive Subjective Experiences
B. Positive Individual Traits
C. Positive Financial Status
D. Positive Institutions

5 In the context of the dimensions of Positive Psychology, 'Subjective Level' experiences regarding the past include:

A. Hope and Optimism
B. Flow and Happiness
C. Well-being and Contentment
D. Faith and Trust

6 The concept of 'Flow', a state of complete immersion in an activity, was introduced by which researcher?

A. Ed Diener
B. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
C. Barbara Fredrickson
D. Christopher Peterson

7 Which perspective on well-being focuses on pleasure attainment and pain avoidance?

A. Eudaimonic well-being
B. Hedonic well-being
C. Social well-being
D. Holistic well-being

8 What is the primary focus of 'Eudaimonic' well-being?

A. Maximizing momentary pleasure
B. The absence of physical disease
C. Meaning, self-realization, and human flourishing
D. Accumulation of material wealth

9 In Martin Seligman's PERMA model of well-being, what does the 'R' stand for?

A. Resilience
B. Relationships
C. Resources
D. Rest

10 Which mathematical-like relationship is often used to describe Subjective Well-Being (SWB)?

A.
B.
C.
D.

11 The term 'Positive Psychology' was actually first coined by which Humanistic psychologist in the 1950s?

A. Carl Rogers
B. Rollo May
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Viktor Frankl

12 The 'Easterlin Paradox' relates to the measurement of GDP and happiness by suggesting that:

A. Higher income always leads to higher happiness indefinitely.
B. Increases in income do not correlate with increases in happiness after basic needs are met.
C. Poorer nations are always happier than richer nations.
D. GDP is the most accurate measure of psychological well-being.

13 Gross National Happiness (GNH) was introduced as an alternative to GDP by the leadership of which country?

A. Norway
B. Bhutan
C. Costa Rica
D. New Zealand

14 Which of the following is NOT one of the typical pillars or domains of Gross National Happiness (GNH)?

A. Sustainable socio-economic development
B. Conservation of the environment
C. Preservation of culture
D. Maximization of stock market value

15 A 'Holistic Approach' to human development in Positive Psychology implies:

A. Focusing strictly on biological factors.
B. Ignoring the negative aspects of life completely.
C. Integrating physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social dimensions.
D. Prioritizing career success over health.

16 The 'Value Crisis' in modern society is often attributed to:

A. The over-emphasis on materialism and consumerism.
B. The increase in scientific education.
C. The rise of democratic governments.
D. The focus on physical health.

17 Carol Ryff’s model of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) includes which of the following dimensions?

A. Wealth Accumulation
B. Environmental Mastery
C. Physical Attractiveness
D. Popularity

18 The aim of 'Second Wave' Positive Psychology is to:

A. Reject all findings from the First Wave.
B. Focus only on negative emotions.
C. Integrate the positive and negative aspects of human experience (dialectics).
D. Return to the disease model of psychology.

19 Which theory suggests that positive emotions expand our awareness and encourage novel thoughts and actions?

A. Set-point Theory
B. Broaden-and-Build Theory
C. Self-Determination Theory
D. Attachment Theory

20 In the context of 'Scope', Positive Psychology is applied in education to:

A. Identify learning disabilities only.
B. Increase standardized test scores regardless of student health.
C. Foster character strengths, resilience, and well-being in students.
D. Enforce stricter discipline.

21 Which concept describes the tendency of humans to return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive or negative events?

A. The Hedonic Treadmill
B. The Flow State
C. The Virtuous Circle
D. The Optimism Bias

22 The 'VIA Classification' helps individuals identify their:

A. Psychological Disorders
B. Signature Strengths and Virtues
C. Career Aptitude regarding salary
D. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

23 From a Western perspective, well-being is often associated with , whereas Eastern perspectives often emphasize:

A. Narcissism
B. Interdependence and Harmony
C. Isolation
D. Pure Hedonism

24 What is the primary criticism of using GDP as the sole indicator of national development?

A. It is too difficult to calculate.
B. It fails to account for environmental degradation and social well-being.
C. It places too much value on happiness.
D. It includes unpaid labor like housework.

25 In the context of the Value Crisis, 'Anomie' refers to:

A. A state of intense happiness.
B. A condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values.
C. A strong religious connection.
D. The ability to adapt to new cultures.

26 Which of the following is considered a 'Positive Institution' within the scope of Positive Psychology?

A. A democratic community
B. A corrupt government
C. A segregated school
D. A chaotic family

27 Lyubomirsky's research suggests that approximately what percentage of the variance in happiness is determined by intentional activity?

A. 10%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 90%

28 Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits three basic psychological needs essential for well-being:

A. Money, Power, Fame
B. Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
C. Sleep, Diet, Exercise
D. Safety, Shelter, Clothing

29 The concept of 'Flourishing' is often described mathematically or conceptually as:

A.
B.
C.
D.

30 Which aim of Positive Psychology addresses the prevention of mental illness?

A. The curative aim
B. The buffering aim
C. The diagnostic aim
D. The statistical aim

31 The 'Value Crisis' often leads to a phenomenon where individuals lose a sense of purpose. This relates closely to a lack of which PERMA component?

A. Engagement
B. Meaning
C. Accomplishment
D. Positive Emotion

32 In the holistic approach, 'Spiritual Well-being' generally refers to:

A. Adherence to a specific religious dogma.
B. A sense of connection to something larger than oneself and finding meaning.
C. The rejection of scientific principles.
D. Regular attendance at a place of worship only.

33 Which of the following is a 'Future-oriented' positive emotion?

A. Pride
B. Forgiveness
C. Optimism
D. Savoring

34 The 'Mental Health Continuum' suggests that mental health is:

A. Simply the absence of mental illness.
B. A binary state (either healthy or sick).
C. A complete state consisting of the presence of flourishing, not just the absence of languishing/disorder.
D. Unrelated to societal factors.

35 In the transition from GDP to GNHI, which element is emphasized regarding 'Time Use'?

A. Working as many hours as possible.
B. Balancing work, sleep, and leisure.
C. Reducing sleep to increase productivity.
D. Spending all time on leisure.

36 The 'Gratification' aspect of well-being, as distinguished from simple 'Pleasure', usually involves:

A. Strong sensory input (e.g., taste, touch).
B. Little effort.
C. Engaging one's strengths and virtues.
D. Short-term duration.

37 Which ancient philosophy aligns most closely with the 'Eudaimonic' perspective in Positive Psychology?

A. Aristotelian Ethics
B. Nihilism
C. Hedonism (Cyrenaic school)
D. Cynicism

38 One of the goals of Positive Psychology regarding 'Assessment' is to:

A. Create more labels for mental disorders.
B. Develop metrics for happiness, strengths, and life satisfaction.
C. Rely solely on intuitive guessing.
D. Eliminate the need for psychological testing.

39 A 'Holistic Approach' to development suggests that an individual's value crisis affects:

A. Only their spiritual life.
B. Only their economic status.
C. Their psychological, physical, and social well-being concurrently.
D. None of the above.

40 Which scholar is associated with the concept of 'Learned Optimism'?

A. Albert Bandura
B. Martin Seligman
C. Sigmund Freud
D. John Watson

41 In the context of Human Development, the 'Capability Approach' (often linked to holistic well-being) focuses on:

A. What people actually do.
B. What people are effectively able to do and to be.
C. How much money people have.
D. The GDP of the country.

42 The 'Values in Action' (VIA) Institute classifies virtues into how many core categories?

A. 4
B. 6
C. 10
D. 24

43 Which of the following best describes the 'Prevention' scope of Positive Psychology?

A. Treating patients after a breakdown.
B. Building competencies to minimize the risk of future pathology.
C. Prescribing medication proactively.
D. Isolating individuals from stress.

44 Why is 'Sustainability' often discussed in the context of the shift from GDP to GNH/Well-being indices?

A. Because high GDP always ensures environmental protection.
B. Because current economic growth models often deplete resources needed for future well-being.
C. Because sustainability is irrelevant to psychology.
D. Because GNH ignores the environment.

45 The 'Salutogenic' orientation in health psychology, which aligns with Positive Psychology, focuses on:

A. The origins of disease.
B. The origins of health and assets.
C. Surgical interventions.
D. Genetic defects.

46 In Ryff's model, 'Autonomy' is defined as:

A. Having warm, satisfying, trusting relationships.
B. A sense of realization of one's potential.
C. Self-determining and independent; able to resist social pressures.
D. Managing the environment effectively.

47 A major cause of the 'Value Crisis' is the shift from (community) to (society), which implies:

A. A shift from impersonal to personal relationships.
B. A shift from close-knit communal bonds to impersonal, self-interest-based associations.
C. A shift from urban to rural living.
D. No change in social structure.

48 Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is often used interchangeably with the lay term:

A. Depression
B. Happiness
C. Intelligence
D. Wealth

49 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a holistic approach to development?

A. Reductionism
B. Interconnectedness
C. Balance
D. Integration

50 The ultimate goal of Positive Psychology is to help individuals, communities, and societies to:

A. Survive
B. Cope
C. Flourish
D. Conform
Next MCQ
Unit 2