1 $Which concept describes the process by which religious symbols and rituals are adapted to the logic of media formats?$

A.

Secularization

B.

Religious Fundamentalism

C.

Theocratic Media

D.

Mediatization of Religion

2 $What term is often used to describe the broadcasting of religious services and programs, particularly within Christianity?$

A.

Digital Theology

B.

Tele-education

C.

Televangelism

D.

Cyber-worship

3 $In the context of media and religion, what does the 'marketplace of religion' imply?$

A.

The cost of buying religious artifacts

B.

Banning religion from commercial television

C.

Stock market trends of religious organizations

D.

Religions compete for followers like products in a market via media

4 $Which theory suggests that exposure to scientific and diverse media content leads to a decline in religious authority?$

A.

Cultivation Theory

B.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

C.

Agenda Setting Theory

D.

Secularization Theory

5 $How does the 'Digital Religion' concept differ from 'Religion Online'?$

A.

Digital Religion refers only to cults

B.

Digital Religion involves interactive religious practices online

C.

Religion Online involves actual rituals

D.

There is no difference

6 $The combination of education and entertainment in media to make learning enjoyable is known as:$

A.

Docudrama

B.

Edutainment

C.

Infotainment

D.

Reality TV

7 $Which term describes the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not?$

A.

Media Split

B.

Digital Divide

C.

Knowledge Gap

D.

Tech Barrier

8 $In the sociology of media and education, what is 'Media Literacy'?$

A.

Knowing the history of Hollywood

B.

The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media

C.

The ability to read newspapers only

D.

The technical skill to repair televisions

9 $What is the 'Hidden Curriculum' in the context of media consumption?$

A.

Unintended values and norms transmitted through media content

B.

Paid subscriptions to educational channels

C.

Government censorship of textbooks

D.

Secret courses offered online

10 $Which platform type has revolutionized distance education through Massive Open Online Courses?$

A.

MOOCs

B.

MMORPGs

C.

RFID

D.

VoIP

11 $How has the 'Gig Economy', facilitated by media apps, changed the institution of occupation?$

A.

It has increased long-term job security

B.

It has shifted work towards short-term, freelance contracts

C.

It has eliminated the need for the internet

D.

It has standardized 9-to-5 working hours

12 $Which term refers to the blurring of lines between work and leisure due to mobile media technology?$

A.

Digital Detox

B.

Always-on Culture

C.

Telecommuting

D.

Work-Life Integration

13 $In media representations of occupation, manual labor and working-class jobs are often:$

A.

portrayed as the most desirable

B.

Overrepresented

C.

Underrepresented or stereotyped

D.

Given the most screen time

14 $What is the 'Glass Ceiling' in the context of media professions?$

A.

Barriers that prevent women and minorities from reaching top hierarchy positions

B.

The limit of bandwidth in broadcasting

C.

The transparent nature of news reporting

D.

The physical structure of a newsroom

15 $Which theorist coined the term 'Prosumer' to describe the merging of producer and consumer roles in the digital economy?$

A.

Max Weber

B.

Karl Marx

C.

Emile Durkheim

D.

Alvin Toffler

16 $The process by which editors and journalists select which news stories get covered and which do not is called:$

A.

Framing

B.

Priming

C.

Gatekeeping

D.

Sensationalism

17 $Which theory suggests that the media doesn't tell people what to think, but what to think about ?$

A.

Two-Step Flow

B.

Agenda-Setting Theory

C.

Hypodermic Needle Theory

D.

Spiral of Silence

18 $What is 'Yellow Journalism'?$

A.

Journalism focusing on environmental issues

B.

Journalism that is purely objective

C.

Sensationalist journalism based on exaggeration

D.

Digital-only journalism

19 $The concept of 'Manufacturing Consent', regarding how news media supports the status quo, is associated with:$

A.

Marshall McLuhan

B.

Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman

C.

Stuart Hall

D.

Pierre Bourdieu

20 $What is 'Citizen Journalism'?$

A.

News written by government officials

B.

News reported by the general public using smartphones and blogs

C.

Paid professional reporting

D.

Journalism restricted to citizens of a specific country

21 $The 'Fourth Estate' refers to which social institution?$

A.

The Military

B.

The Church

C.

The Judiciary

D.

The News Media

22 $Which of the following creates a 'Filter Bubble' in news consumption?$

A.

Library archives

B.

Reading physical newspapers

C.

Watching public broadcast television

D.

Algorithmic curation of content based on user history

23 $In news media, 'Framing' refers to:$

A.

The way an issue is posed or presented to influence interpretation

B.

Putting a picture in a wooden frame

C.

The cost of advertising

D.

The length of a news segment

24 $The dominant mode of film production in the US during the 1930s and 40s was known as:$

A.

The Studio System

B.

Direct Cinema

C.

New Wave Cinema

D.

The Indie Movement

25 $What is 'Vertical Integration' in the context of film production?$

A.

Using tall camera angles

B.

Integrating digital effects with practical effects

C.

Hiring actors of different heights

D.

A single company controlling production, distribution, and exhibition

26 $Which theory argues that the director is the primary creative force behind a film?$

A.

Auteur Theory

B.

Reception Theory

C.

Genre Theory

D.

Marxist Theory

27 $What is 'Runaway Production'?$

A.

A film that is never released

B.

A movie that goes over budget

C.

Production without a script

D.

Filming in a location other than where the story is set or the studio is based (often for tax incentives)

28 $In film production, what does 'Greenlighting' mean?$

A.

Recycling set materials

B.

Lighting the set with eco-friendly bulbs

C.

Formal approval to move a project from development to production

D.

Using a green screen for special effects

29 $The practice of featuring branded products in films for a fee is called:$

A.

Commercial break

B.

Merchandising

C.

Product placement

D.

Subliminal messaging

30 $Which crew member in film production is primarily responsible for the financial and organizational aspects of the film?$

A.

Producer

B.

Director

C.

Gaffer

D.

Cinematographer

31 $How has digitalization primarily impacted film distribution?$

A.

It has reduced the number of films made

B.

It has made film reels heavier

C.

It has eliminated the need for actors

D.

It enables instant global streaming and reduces physical shipping costs

32 $Laura Mulvey's concept of the 'Male Gaze' in cinema suggests that:$

A.

Men watch more movies than women

B.

Films are constructed for the viewing pleasure of a heterosexual male spectator

C.

Male actors are paid more

D.

Directors are usually men

33 $The 'Bechdel Test' is a measure used to evaluate:$

A.

The violence level in a movie

B.

The technical quality of film stock

C.

The representation of women in fiction/film

D.

The budget efficiency

34 $The concept of 'Cultural Imperialism' in cinema refers to:$

A.

The dominance of Hollywood films imposing American values on other cultures

B.

The exchange of art films between nations

C.

The use of imperial themes in movies

D.

The strict censorship of foreign films

35 $Which term describes the psychological function of cinema allowing audiences to retreat from daily realities?$

A.

Realism

B.

Escapism

C.

Activism

D.

Journalism

36 $What is 'Bollywood'?$

A.

A specific genre of horror movies

B.

A film festival in London

C.

The American film industry

D.

The Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai

37 $A 'Moral Panic' regarding cinema often involves concerns about:$

A.

The use of digital cameras

B.

The length of the credits

C.

The price of popcorn

D.

The impact of on-screen violence or sexuality on youth behavior

38 $Which theory focuses on how audiences actively interpret and derive meaning from films based on their own background?$

A.

Magic Bullet Theory

B.

Reception Theory

C.

Structuralism

D.

Political Economy

39 $The portrayal of a specific group in a simplified and often negative way in cinema is known as:$

A.

Method Acting

B.

Stereotyping

C.

Casting

D.

Archetype

40 $What role does the 'Star System' play in the sociology of cinema?$

A.

It rates movies from 1 to 5 stars

B.

It maps the constellations

C.

It determines lighting on set

D.

It markets films through the persona and social capital of famous actors

41 $In the context of media and education, 'Distance Learning' has been most accelerated by:$

A.

Radio

B.

Postal service

C.

Broadband internet and video conferencing

D.

Telegraph

42 $The phrase 'Opium of the people' was used by Marx to describe religion, but is often applied by sociologists to which media form?$

A.

Radio

B.

Textbooks

C.

News

D.

Television/Entertainment

43 $Which of the following is an example of 'User Generated Content' (UGC) affecting news media?$

A.

An editorial by the Chief Editor

B.

A viral tweet containing footage of a breaking event

C.

A syndicated comic strip

D.

A weather report from the meteorology department

44 $What is 'Media Convergence'?$

A.

A conference for media tycoons

B.

The merging of mass communication outlets (print, TV, radio, internet) into portable digital devices

C.

The separation of different media devices

D.

The decline of digital media

45 $In the context of media and occupation, what is 'LinkedIn' primarily used for?$

A.

Streaming movies

B.

Dating

C.

Professional networking and recruitment

D.

Sharing vacation photos

46 $The 'Cultivation Theory' (Gerbner) suggests that heavy TV viewers:$

A.

Become more educated

B.

Stop watching TV eventually

C.

Perceive the world as more dangerous than it actually is (Mean World Syndrome)

D.

Become more violent

47 $The representation of religion in news media often focuses on:$

A.

Everyday peaceful rituals

B.

Conflict, controversy, and extremism

C.

Historical accuracy

D.

Theological depth

48 $Which of the following is a function of media as a social institution?$

A.

Entertainment

B.

Socialization

C.

All of the above

D.

Surveillance

49 $What distinguishes 'New Media' from 'Traditional Media'?$

A.

Traditional Media uses electricity

B.

New Media is always more expensive

C.

New Media allows for interactivity and on-demand access

D.

There is no distinction

50 $In film studies, the 'Fourth Wall' refers to:$

A.

The screen itself

B.

The ceiling of the set

C.

The imaginary barrier between the actors/story and the audience

D.

The projection booth

Unit 4 - Practice Quiz