1Which concept describes the process by which religious symbols and rituals are adapted to the logic of media formats?
A.Secularization
B.Mediatization of Religion
C.Religious Fundamentalism
D.Theocratic Media
Correct Answer: Mediatization of Religion
Explanation:Mediatization of religion refers to the process where religious practices and communication are shaped by the constraints and dynamics of media logic.
Incorrect! Try again.
2What term is often used to describe the broadcasting of religious services and programs, particularly within Christianity?
A.Tele-education
B.Televangelism
C.Cyber-worship
D.Digital Theology
Correct Answer: Televangelism
Explanation:Televangelism is the use of media, specifically radio and television, to communicate Christianity.
Incorrect! Try again.
3In the context of media and religion, what does the 'marketplace of religion' imply?
A.Religions compete for followers like products in a market via media
B.The cost of buying religious artifacts
C.Stock market trends of religious organizations
D.Banning religion from commercial television
Correct Answer: Religions compete for followers like products in a market via media
Explanation:This concept suggests that in a media-saturated society, religious institutions must market themselves to attract 'consumers' or believers.
Incorrect! Try again.
4Which theory suggests that exposure to scientific and diverse media content leads to a decline in religious authority?
A.Cultivation Theory
B.Secularization Theory
C.Uses and Gratifications Theory
D.Agenda Setting Theory
Correct Answer: Secularization Theory
Explanation:Secularization theory posits that as societies modernize and media spreads rational/scientific viewpoints, the social significance of religion declines.
Incorrect! Try again.
5How does the 'Digital Religion' concept differ from 'Religion Online'?
A.Digital Religion involves interactive religious practices online
B.Religion Online involves actual rituals
C.There is no difference
D.Digital Religion refers only to cults
Correct Answer: Digital Religion involves interactive religious practices online
Explanation:Scholars often distinguish 'Religion Online' (information about religion) from 'Online Religion' or 'Digital Religion' (practicing faith and rituals interactively online).
Incorrect! Try again.
6The combination of education and entertainment in media to make learning enjoyable is known as:
A.Infotainment
B.Edutainment
C.Docudrama
D.Reality TV
Correct Answer: Edutainment
Explanation:Edutainment is a portmanteau of education and entertainment, referring to content designed to educate through entertaining formats.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Which term describes the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not?
A.Knowledge Gap
B.Digital Divide
C.Media Split
D.Tech Barrier
Correct Answer: Digital Divide
Explanation:The Digital Divide refers to the economic, educational, and social inequalities between those who have computers and online access and those who do not.
Incorrect! Try again.
8In the sociology of media and education, what is 'Media Literacy'?
A.The ability to read newspapers only
B.The technical skill to repair televisions
C.The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media
D.Knowing the history of Hollywood
Correct Answer: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media
Explanation:Media literacy is a set of skills that allow individuals to critically engage with media messages.
Incorrect! Try again.
9What is the 'Hidden Curriculum' in the context of media consumption?
A.Secret courses offered online
B.Unintended values and norms transmitted through media content
C.Government censorship of textbooks
D.Paid subscriptions to educational channels
Correct Answer: Unintended values and norms transmitted through media content
Explanation:Just as in schools, media transmits a hidden curriculum of social norms, gender roles, and consumerist values that are not explicitly stated.
Incorrect! Try again.
10Which platform type has revolutionized distance education through Massive Open Online Courses?
A.MOOCs
B.MMORPGs
C.VoIP
D.RFID
Correct Answer: MOOCs
Explanation:MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) allow unlimited participation and open access via the web, transforming higher education accessibility.
Incorrect! Try again.
11How has the 'Gig Economy', facilitated by media apps, changed the institution of occupation?
A.It has increased long-term job security
B.It has shifted work towards short-term, freelance contracts
C.It has eliminated the need for the internet
D.It has standardized 9-to-5 working hours
Correct Answer: It has shifted work towards short-term, freelance contracts
Explanation:The Gig Economy relies on digital platforms to connect freelancers with short-term work, altering traditional employment structures.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Which term refers to the blurring of lines between work and leisure due to mobile media technology?
A.Telecommuting
B.Digital Detox
C.Work-Life Integration
D.Always-on Culture
Correct Answer: Always-on Culture
Explanation:The 'Always-on Culture' creates an expectation that employees are available for work communication outside of traditional hours.
Incorrect! Try again.
13In media representations of occupation, manual labor and working-class jobs are often:
A.Overrepresented
B.Underrepresented or stereotyped
C. portrayed as the most desirable
D.Given the most screen time
Correct Answer: Underrepresented or stereotyped
Explanation:Sociological studies show that media disproportionately focuses on upper-middle-class professions, while working-class jobs are often invisible or caricatured.
Incorrect! Try again.
14What is the 'Glass Ceiling' in the context of media professions?
A.The transparent nature of news reporting
B.Barriers that prevent women and minorities from reaching top hierarchy positions
C.The physical structure of a newsroom
D.The limit of bandwidth in broadcasting
Correct Answer: Barriers that prevent women and minorities from reaching top hierarchy positions
Explanation:The Glass Ceiling refers to invisible institutional barriers that prevent marginalized groups from advancing to senior leadership roles in media organizations.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Which theorist coined the term 'Prosumer' to describe the merging of producer and consumer roles in the digital economy?
A.Karl Marx
B.Alvin Toffler
C.Max Weber
D.Emile Durkheim
Correct Answer: Alvin Toffler
Explanation:Alvin Toffler introduced the term 'Prosumer' in 'The Third Wave' to describe individuals who produce what they consume, a concept highly relevant to social media content creation.
Incorrect! Try again.
16The process by which editors and journalists select which news stories get covered and which do not is called:
A.Framing
B.Gatekeeping
C.Priming
D.Sensationalism
Correct Answer: Gatekeeping
Explanation:Gatekeeping is the process of culling and crafting countless bits of information into the limited number of messages that reach people every day.
Incorrect! Try again.
17Which theory suggests that the media doesn't tell people what to think, but what to think about?
A.Hypodermic Needle Theory
B.Agenda-Setting Theory
C.Spiral of Silence
D.Two-Step Flow
Correct Answer: Agenda-Setting Theory
Explanation:Agenda-Setting Theory posits that the media determines the importance placed upon issues by the public based on the frequency and prominence of coverage.
Incorrect! Try again.
18What is 'Yellow Journalism'?
A.Journalism focusing on environmental issues
B.Journalism that is purely objective
C.Sensationalist journalism based on exaggeration
D.Digital-only journalism
Correct Answer: Sensationalist journalism based on exaggeration
Explanation:Yellow Journalism refers to a style of newspaper reporting that emphasizes sensationalism over facts to increase circulation.
Incorrect! Try again.
19The concept of 'Manufacturing Consent', regarding how news media supports the status quo, is associated with:
A.Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman
B.Marshall McLuhan
C.Stuart Hall
D.Pierre Bourdieu
Correct Answer: Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman
Explanation:Chomsky and Herman argued that mass media act as a system for communicating messages and symbols to the general populace to amuse, entertain, and inform in ways that integrate them into the institutional structures.
Incorrect! Try again.
20What is 'Citizen Journalism'?
A.News written by government officials
B.News reported by the general public using smartphones and blogs
C.Journalism restricted to citizens of a specific country
D.Paid professional reporting
Correct Answer: News reported by the general public using smartphones and blogs
Explanation:Citizen Journalism involves the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, often facilitated by the internet.
Incorrect! Try again.
21The 'Fourth Estate' refers to which social institution?
A.The Church
B.The Judiciary
C.The News Media
D.The Military
Correct Answer: The News Media
Explanation:The Fourth Estate is a term used to describe the press and news media, referring to their explicit or implicit ability to frame political issues.
Incorrect! Try again.
22Which of the following creates a 'Filter Bubble' in news consumption?
A.Reading physical newspapers
B.Algorithmic curation of content based on user history
C.Watching public broadcast television
D.Library archives
Correct Answer: Algorithmic curation of content based on user history
Explanation:Filter bubbles occur when algorithms selectively guess what information a user would like to see, effectively isolating them in their own cultural or ideological bubbles.
Incorrect! Try again.
23In news media, 'Framing' refers to:
A.Putting a picture in a wooden frame
B.The way an issue is posed or presented to influence interpretation
C.The length of a news segment
D.The cost of advertising
Correct Answer: The way an issue is posed or presented to influence interpretation
Explanation:Framing involves the social construction of a social phenomenon by mass media sources, presenting a specific angle or perspective.
Incorrect! Try again.
24The dominant mode of film production in the US during the 1930s and 40s was known as:
A.The Indie Movement
B.The Studio System
C.New Wave Cinema
D.Direct Cinema
Correct Answer: The Studio System
Explanation:The Studio System was a method of film production and distribution dominated by a small number of major studios in Hollywood with long-term contracts for actors and staff.
Incorrect! Try again.
25What is 'Vertical Integration' in the context of film production?
A.Using tall camera angles
B.A single company controlling production, distribution, and exhibition
C.Integrating digital effects with practical effects
D.Hiring actors of different heights
Correct Answer: A single company controlling production, distribution, and exhibition
Explanation:Vertical integration describes a scenario where a company owns the supply chain for its product, such as a studio owning the production facilities, the distribution network, and the movie theaters.
Incorrect! Try again.
26Which theory argues that the director is the primary creative force behind a film?
A.Genre Theory
B.Auteur Theory
C.Reception Theory
D.Marxist Theory
Correct Answer: Auteur Theory
Explanation:Auteur theory holds that a film reflects the director's personal creative vision, making them the primary 'author' of the work.
Incorrect! Try again.
27What is 'Runaway Production'?
A.A movie that goes over budget
B.Filming in a location other than where the story is set or the studio is based (often for tax incentives)
C.A film that is never released
D.Production without a script
Correct Answer: Filming in a location other than where the story is set or the studio is based (often for tax incentives)
Explanation:Runaway production refers to film or television shooting that takes place in a location different from the producer's home base, largely due to economic reasons.
Incorrect! Try again.
28In film production, what does 'Greenlighting' mean?
A.Using a green screen for special effects
B.Formal approval to move a project from development to production
C.Recycling set materials
D.Lighting the set with eco-friendly bulbs
Correct Answer: Formal approval to move a project from development to production
Explanation:Greenlighting is the process by which a studio or production company gives the go-ahead and financial backing to start production on a film.
Incorrect! Try again.
29The practice of featuring branded products in films for a fee is called:
A.Commercial break
B.Product placement
C.Subliminal messaging
D.Merchandising
Correct Answer: Product placement
Explanation:Product placement is a marketing strategy where branded goods or services are featured in a video production that targets a large audience.
Incorrect! Try again.
30Which crew member in film production is primarily responsible for the financial and organizational aspects of the film?
A.Director
B.Cinematographer
C.Producer
D.Gaffer
Correct Answer: Producer
Explanation:The producer oversees the film production process, managing finances, schedules, and personnel, distinct from the artistic direction.
Incorrect! Try again.
31How has digitalization primarily impacted film distribution?
A.It has made film reels heavier
B.It enables instant global streaming and reduces physical shipping costs
C.It has eliminated the need for actors
D.It has reduced the number of films made
Correct Answer: It enables instant global streaming and reduces physical shipping costs
Explanation:Digitalization allows for films to be distributed via the internet (streaming) or digital hard drives, eliminating the need for bulky and expensive physical film reels.
Incorrect! Try again.
32Laura Mulvey's concept of the 'Male Gaze' in cinema suggests that:
A.Men watch more movies than women
B.Films are constructed for the viewing pleasure of a heterosexual male spectator
C.Male actors are paid more
D.Directors are usually men
Correct Answer: Films are constructed for the viewing pleasure of a heterosexual male spectator
Explanation:Mulvey argued that classical Hollywood cinema puts the audience in the perspective of a heterosexual man, objectifying female characters.
Incorrect! Try again.
33The 'Bechdel Test' is a measure used to evaluate:
A.The technical quality of film stock
B.The representation of women in fiction/film
C.The violence level in a movie
D.The budget efficiency
Correct Answer: The representation of women in fiction/film
Explanation:The Bechdel Test asks whether a work features at least two women who talk to each other about something other than a man.
Incorrect! Try again.
34The concept of 'Cultural Imperialism' in cinema refers to:
A.The dominance of Hollywood films imposing American values on other cultures
B.The exchange of art films between nations
C.The strict censorship of foreign films
D.The use of imperial themes in movies
Correct Answer: The dominance of Hollywood films imposing American values on other cultures
Explanation:Cultural imperialism in this context refers to the unequal flow of film products, where Western (mostly US) culture dominates and potentially erodes local cultures.
Incorrect! Try again.
35Which term describes the psychological function of cinema allowing audiences to retreat from daily realities?
A.Realism
B.Escapism
C.Activism
D.Journalism
Correct Answer: Escapism
Explanation:Escapism is the tendency to seek distraction and relief from unpleasant realities, often through entertainment like cinema.
Incorrect! Try again.
36What is 'Bollywood'?
A.The American film industry
B.The Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai
C.A specific genre of horror movies
D.A film festival in London
Correct Answer: The Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai
Explanation:Bollywood represents the Indian Hindi-language film industry, which is a massive social institution influential in shaping Indian culture and diaspora identity.
Incorrect! Try again.
37A 'Moral Panic' regarding cinema often involves concerns about:
A.The price of popcorn
B.The impact of on-screen violence or sexuality on youth behavior
C.The length of the credits
D.The use of digital cameras
Correct Answer: The impact of on-screen violence or sexuality on youth behavior
Explanation:Moral panics occur when the media creates intense concern about a societal issue; in cinema, this historically focuses on the fear that movies corrupt the youth.
Incorrect! Try again.
38Which theory focuses on how audiences actively interpret and derive meaning from films based on their own background?
A.Reception Theory
B.Magic Bullet Theory
C.Political Economy
D.Structuralism
Correct Answer: Reception Theory
Explanation:Reception theory emphasizes the reader's/viewer's reception or interpretation in making meaning from a text, rather than just the passive consumption of the director's intent.
Incorrect! Try again.
39The portrayal of a specific group in a simplified and often negative way in cinema is known as:
A.Archetype
B.Stereotyping
C.Casting
D.Method Acting
Correct Answer: Stereotyping
Explanation:Stereotyping involves reducing a social group to a few essential characteristics, often used in media as a shorthand that reinforces prejudice.
Incorrect! Try again.
40What role does the 'Star System' play in the sociology of cinema?
A.It maps the constellations
B.It markets films through the persona and social capital of famous actors
C.It rates movies from 1 to 5 stars
D.It determines lighting on set
Correct Answer: It markets films through the persona and social capital of famous actors
Explanation:The Star System uses the popularity and manufactured public images of actors to ensure the economic success of films.
Incorrect! Try again.
41In the context of media and education, 'Distance Learning' has been most accelerated by:
A.Postal service
B.Broadband internet and video conferencing
C.Radio
D.Telegraph
Correct Answer: Broadband internet and video conferencing
Explanation:While distance learning existed via mail, the internet and video technology transformed it into a synchronous, interactive experience.
Incorrect! Try again.
42The phrase 'Opium of the people' was used by Marx to describe religion, but is often applied by sociologists to which media form?
A.News
B.Television/Entertainment
C.Textbooks
D.Radio
Correct Answer: Television/Entertainment
Explanation:Sociologists often apply the 'opium' analogy to mass entertainment, suggesting it distracts the masses from social inequality just as Marx argued religion did.
Incorrect! Try again.
43Which of the following is an example of 'User Generated Content' (UGC) affecting news media?
A.A viral tweet containing footage of a breaking event
B.An editorial by the Chief Editor
C.A weather report from the meteorology department
D.A syndicated comic strip
Correct Answer: A viral tweet containing footage of a breaking event
Explanation:UGC refers to any form of content created by users of an online system, which news media now frequently relies on for breaking stories.
Incorrect! Try again.
44What is 'Media Convergence'?
A.The separation of different media devices
B.The merging of mass communication outlets (print, TV, radio, internet) into portable digital devices
C.A conference for media tycoons
D.The decline of digital media
Correct Answer: The merging of mass communication outlets (print, TV, radio, internet) into portable digital devices
Explanation:Convergence refers to the flow of content across multiple media platforms and the migration of media audiences.
Incorrect! Try again.
45In the context of media and occupation, what is 'LinkedIn' primarily used for?
A.Dating
B.Professional networking and recruitment
C.Sharing vacation photos
D.Streaming movies
Correct Answer: Professional networking and recruitment
Explanation:LinkedIn is a social media platform designed specifically for the business community, facilitating professional networking and job searching.
Incorrect! Try again.
46The 'Cultivation Theory' (Gerbner) suggests that heavy TV viewers:
A.Become more violent
B.Perceive the world as more dangerous than it actually is (Mean World Syndrome)
C.Become more educated
D.Stop watching TV eventually
Correct Answer: Perceive the world as more dangerous than it actually is (Mean World Syndrome)
Explanation:Cultivation theory argues that long-term exposure to media shapes how the consumers of media perceive the world and conduct themselves.
Incorrect! Try again.
47The representation of religion in news media often focuses on:
A.Theological depth
B.Everyday peaceful rituals
C.Conflict, controversy, and extremism
D.Historical accuracy
Correct Answer: Conflict, controversy, and extremism
Explanation:News values prioritize drama and conflict, leading to a disproportionate focus on religious extremism or scandal rather than mundane religious life.
Incorrect! Try again.
48Which of the following is a function of media as a social institution?
A.Socialization
B.Surveillance
C.Entertainment
D.All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation:Functionalist perspectives identify socialization (transmitting norms), surveillance (providing news), and entertainment as key functions of media.
Incorrect! Try again.
49What distinguishes 'New Media' from 'Traditional Media'?
A.New Media is always more expensive
B.New Media allows for interactivity and on-demand access
C.Traditional Media uses electricity
D.There is no distinction
Correct Answer: New Media allows for interactivity and on-demand access
Explanation:The defining characteristic of New Media (digital) vs. Traditional (broadcast/print) is the ability for the user to interact with the content and choose when to consume it.
Incorrect! Try again.
50In film studies, the 'Fourth Wall' refers to:
A.The ceiling of the set
B.The imaginary barrier between the actors/story and the audience
C.The screen itself
D.The projection booth
Correct Answer: The imaginary barrier between the actors/story and the audience
Explanation:Breaking the fourth wall occurs when a character acknowledges the audience, disrupting the illusion of the fictional world.
Incorrect! Try again.
Give Feedback
Help us improve by sharing your thoughts or reporting issues.