Unit 1: Cloud Computing Fundamentals - Practice Quiz

1 What is cloud computing?

2 Which cloud characteristic allows users to obtain resources whenever they are needed?

3 Which cloud characteristic allows resources to expand or shrink according to demand?

4 Which cloud service model provides virtual machines, storage, and networking resources?

5 Which cloud service model delivers complete software applications through the internet?

6 Which cloud service model gives developers an environment for building and deploying applications?

7 Which deployment model provides cloud resources for use by the general public?

8 Which deployment model combines public cloud and private cloud resources?

9 Which principle allows multiple cloud users to share a common pool of computing resources?

10 What does the pay-as-you-go principle mean in cloud computing?

11 What does SOA stand for?

12 In SOA, how is application functionality commonly organized?

13 Which activity is a common application of cloud computing?

14 How can cloud computing support online video streaming?

15 Which cloud environment is dedicated to a single organization?

16 Who usually owns and operates the infrastructure of a public cloud?

17 What is OpenStack primarily used to build?

18 Which OpenStack service manages virtual machine instances?

19 Which AWS service provides resizable virtual servers?

20 Which AWS service is mainly used for object storage?

21 An online store automatically adds computing instances during a festival sale and removes them when demand falls. Which cloud characteristic is being demonstrated?

22 A service runs on four instances, each providing 99% independent availability. A load balancer can serve users as long as at least one instance is available. Which principle primarily improves the service availability?

23 A development team wants to deploy application code without managing operating systems, runtime patches, or virtual machines. Which service model is the best fit?

24 A company uses an Infrastructure as a Service virtual machine. Under the shared responsibility model, which task is normally the customer's responsibility?

25 A bank keeps regulated customer records in its private cloud but temporarily uses a public cloud for additional computing capacity during month-end processing. Which deployment model does this represent?

26 Several government agencies with similar security and compliance requirements jointly operate a cloud platform available only to those agencies. Which deployment model is most appropriate?

27 A workload uses an average of 12 vCPUs. Each host provides 8 vCPUs, and administrators target at most 75% average host utilization. Based only on this average requirement, what is the minimum number of hosts needed?

28 A background-processing system receives jobs at unpredictable rates. Which scaling signal would most directly align resource utilization with actual workload?

29 An order service is being redesigned so that consumers do not depend on its programming language or internal database schema. Which SOA principle should guide the redesign?

30 A service provider must introduce a breaking change to an API while existing consumers still use the previous message format. What is the most appropriate approach?

31 A research team needs 1,000 compute instances for six hours each month to process independent simulation tasks. Which cloud benefit is most relevant?

32 A company stores encrypted backups in a cloud region far from its primary data center and periodically tests restoration there. Which application of cloud computing does this best illustrate?

33 An organization must let a private-cloud application securely access a managed database in a public cloud without sending traffic over the open internet. Which design is most suitable?

34 In a multi-tenant private cloud, two departments must use the same physical infrastructure while keeping their network traffic isolated. Which implementation choice best meets this requirement?

35 An OpenStack administrator needs to launch and manage virtual machine instances. Which core service handles these compute operations?

36 A virtual machine in OpenStack needs a persistent block volume that remains available after the instance is deleted. Which service should provide it?

37 Users of an OpenStack cloud must authenticate once and receive authorization tokens that other OpenStack services can validate. Which service performs this role?

38 A web application currently runs on one EC2 instance in one Availability Zone. Which change most directly improves resilience to an Availability Zone failure?

39 An application needs highly durable storage for millions of images that are accessed as objects through an API. Which AWS service is the best fit?

40 An AWS application receives unpredictable request spikes. Instances should be added automatically when average CPU usage remains high and removed after demand decreases. Which combination best satisfies this requirement?

41 A service experiences a predictable three-minute traffic spike at the start of every hour. New instances require six minutes to become ready, so a reactive CPU-based autoscaler repeatedly violates the latency SLO. Which change best preserves elasticity while addressing the violation?

42 An architect places two instances, each advertised as 99.9% available, in the same availability zone and claims their parallel availability is approximately 99.9999%. What is the primary flaw in this calculation?

43 A regulated workload requires a custom kernel module, a host-level forensic agent, and complete control over guest operating-system patch timing. Which service model most directly satisfies these requirements?

44 An enterprise adopts a fully managed SaaS human-resources platform. Under the shared-responsibility model, which responsibility normally remains primarily with the enterprise?

45 Several independent healthcare institutions jointly fund an infrastructure available only to those institutions. It is governed according to their shared compliance and data-sovereignty requirements. Which deployment model is the best classification?

46 A company retains regulated records in its private cloud but sends tokenized, stateless workloads to a public cloud during demand peaks. An orchestrated workflow moves tasks between the two environments. Which model does this represent?

47 A service receives 240 requests per second, and each request occupies one processing slot for an average of 250 ms. Using Little's Law, what is the minimum number of slots required to keep average slot utilization at or below 75%, assuming negligible queueing?

48 A private cloud consolidates virtual machines to improve host utilization. Four customer-facing VMs have strongly correlated peak demand, while four batch VMs peak during off-hours. Which placement policy best improves utilization without greatly increasing overload risk?

49 An order service invokes payment and inventory services. Payment succeeds, inventory fails, and neither service supports distributed locking. Which SOA design most appropriately restores business consistency?

50 A provider must add a field to a widely used service response without forcing simultaneous upgrades of all consumers. Which contract-evolution strategy best minimizes coupling?

51 A research organization must analyze 2 PB of immutable data already stored in one cloud region. Compute is 20% cheaper in another region, but moving the data incurs high transfer cost and delays. Which design is generally most efficient?

52 An event-driven image-processing application receives object-created events with at-least-once delivery. Occasionally, the same event launches multiple functions. Which design prevents duplicate output records without discarding legitimate images?

53 A private cloud and public cloud both use the CIDR range 10.20.0.0/16. After a VPN is established, workloads cannot reliably route to remote addresses in that range. Which remediation is architecturally most robust?

54 A private cloud control plane uses a consensus-based state store. Which controller topology provides the strongest tolerance of one controller or fault-domain failure while avoiding split-brain decisions?

55 An OpenStack request authenticates a user, locates an image, schedules a VM, attaches persistent block storage, and connects a tenant network. Which service mapping is correct?

56 An OpenStack instance has a fixed IP on a private tenant subnet. It must accept inbound traffic from the internet without assigning a public address directly to its virtual interface. What is required?

57 A database instance in OpenStack may be deleted and rebuilt, but its data must survive the instance lifecycle and later attach to a replacement instance. Which storage design best meets this requirement?

58 A company serves private Amazon S3 content through CloudFront. Users must not bypass CloudFront by requesting objects directly from S3. Which design best enforces this requirement?

59 A transactional application uses Amazon RDS and requires automatic failover after an Availability Zone failure while preserving a single database endpoint. It does not require additional read throughput. Which configuration is most appropriate?

60 Workers consume debit events from an Amazon SQS Standard queue and update account balances in DynamoDB. A worker can finish the debit but fail before deleting the message, causing redelivery. Which design guarantees one logical debit per event?