1 $Which special character combination, known as the shebang, is placed at the very first line of a shell script to indicate the interpreter?$

A.

//

B.

#!

C.

\

D.

##

2 $Which command is used to grant execute permission to a shell script file named myscript.sh ?$

A.

chmod +r myscript.sh

B.

chmod +w myscript.sh

C.

chmod +x myscript.sh

D.

chown +x myscript.sh

3 $What is the correct syntax to assign the value 10 to a variable named count in bash?$

A.

count = 10

B.

count=10

C.

$count=10

D.

int count = 10

4 $Which command is used to print the current value of the environment variable PATH ?$

A.

print PATH

B.

ls PATH

C.

echo $PATH

D.

cat $PATH

5 $When using the expr command for multiplication, why must the asterisk be escaped (e.g., expr 5 \* 3)?$

A.

Because expr does not support multiplication

B.

Because * acts as a wildcard for file matching in the shell

C.

Because * is a reserved keyword for pointers

D.

Because it is a division operator in bash

6 $Which utility is preferred for performing floating-point arithmetic in shell scripts?$

A.

expr

B.

let

C.

bc

D.

float

7 $How do you define an arithmetic operation involving variables and using double parentheses?$

A.

$(( a + b ))

B.

((b ))

C.

[[ a + b ]]

D.

{ a + b }

8 $What is the output of the following command? echo "scale=2; 10/3" | bc$

A.

3

B.

3.33

C.

3.333

D.

3.00

9 $Which operator is used to redirect standard output to a file, overwriting the file if it exists?$

A.

>>

B.

<

C.

>

D.

|

10 $What does the >> operator do?$

A.

Redirects input from a file

B.

Redirects output and overwrites the file

C.

Redirects output and appends to the file

D.

Pipes output to another command

11 $Which operator creates a pipe, sending the standard output of the first command as standard input to the second command?$

A.

&

B.

|

C.

>

D.

;

12 $Which syntax correctly redirects standard error (stderr) to a file named error.log ?$

A.

command > error.log

B.

command 2> error.log

C.

command &> error.log

D.

command | error.log

13 $Which command allows the user to input data into a variable during script execution?$

A.

input

B.

get

C.

scan

D.

read

14 $In a conditional statement, which flag checks if a file exists and is a regular file?$

A.

-d

B.

-r

C.

-f

D.

-s

15 $Which operator is used for numeric equality comparison in a [ ] test construct?$

A.

=

B.

==

C.

-eq

D.

-equal

16 $What is the correct syntax for an if-else block in a shell script?$

A.

if [ condition ] { ... } else { ... }

B.

if [ condition ]; then ... else ... fi

C.

if (condition) ... else ... end

D.

check [ condition ] ... otherwise ... done

17 $Which special variable holds the exit status of the last executed command?$

A.

$$

B.

$#

C.

$?

D.

$!

18 $Which construct is best suited for creating a menu-driven program where a user selects a choice matching a pattern?$

A.

for

B.

while

C.

case

D.

until

19 $How is a case statement block terminated in bash?$

A.

endcase

B.

esac

C.

done

D.

fi

20 $Inside a case statement, what signifies the end of a specific pattern block?$

A.

;

B.

;;

C.

break

D.

stop

21 $Which loop construct iterates as long as the condition is true ?$

A.

until

B.

for

C.

while

D.

case

22 $Which loop construct iterates as long as the condition is false (i.e., until it becomes true)?$

A.

while

B.

do-while

C.

until

D.

for

23 $What is the correct syntax for a C-style for loop in bash?$

A.

for (i=0; i<5; i++)

B.

for (( i=0; i<5; i++ ))

C.

loop [i=0, i<5, i++]

D.

for i in {0..5}

24 $How do you access all arguments passed to a script simultaneously?$

A.

$1

B.

$#

C.

$@

D.

$?

25 $Which command is used to terminate a loop prematurely?$

A.

exit

B.

stop

C.

continue

D.

break

26 $Which command skips the remainder of the current loop iteration and moves to the next one?$

A.

pass

B.

next

C.

continue

D.

skip

27 $How do you define an indexed array named fruits with elements "Apple" and "Banana"?$

A.

fruits = {"Apple", "Banana"}

B.

fruits=("Apple" "Banana")

C.

fruits["Apple", "Banana"]

D.

array fruits = "Apple", "Banana"

28 $How do you access the first element of an indexed array named arr ?$

A.

$arr[0]

B.

${arr[0]}

C.

$arr{0}

D.

arr[0]

29 $Which syntax returns the total number of elements (length) in an array named arr ?$

A.

${#arr}

B.

${#arr[@]}

C.

${arr[*]}

D.

length(arr)

30 $What is required to declare an associative array (key-value pair) in bash?$

A.

declare -a myMap

B.

declare -A myMap

C.

array -assoc myMap

D.

myMap={}

31 $How do you define a function named myFunc in bash?$

A.

function myFunc() { ... }

B.

def myFunc: ...

C.

void myFunc() { ... }

D.

func myFunc { ... }

32 $Inside a user-defined function, how do you access the first argument passed specifically to that function?$

A.

$0

B.

$1

C.

$arg1

D.

${args[0]}

33 $How do you make a variable x accessible only within the function it is defined in?$

A.

private x=1

B.

local x=1

C.

var x=1

D.

declare -p x=1

34 $What is the output of echo $(( 5 % 2 )) ?$

A.

2.5

B.

2

C.

1

D.

5

35 $Which special variable represents the Process ID (PID) of the current script?$

A.

$PID

B.

$!

C.

$$

D.

$?

36 $What command is used to read input from a menu selection loop nicely formatted with numbers?$

A.

case

B.

select

C.

choose

D.

option

37 $What does the command set -x do in a shell script?$

A.

Sets the execute permission

B.

Enables debugging mode (prints commands as they execute)

C.

Exits the script immediately on error

D.

Exports all variables

38 $Which logical operator represents a logical AND inside [ ] brackets?$

A.

&&

B.

-a

C.

-and

D.

&

39 $Which logical operator represents a logical OR inside [ ] brackets?$

A.

||

B.

-o

C.

-or

D.

|

40 $What happens if you run a script as . script.sh (dot space script)?$

A.

It executes in a new subshell

B.

It executes in the current shell context (sourcing)

C.

It checks syntax without executing

D.

It runs the script in the background

41 $Which command substitution syntax is modern and preferred over backticks `...` ?$

A.

${ command }

B.

$( command )

C.

(( command ))

D.

[ command ]

42 $What will echo "Value: $HOME" print?$

A.

Value: $HOME

B.

Value: /home/username

C.

Value:

D.

Error

43 $What will echo 'Value: $HOME' print?$

A.

Value: $HOME

B.

Value: /home/username

C.

Value:

D.

Error

44 $Which test operator checks if a string is empty (zero length)?$

A.

-z

B.

-n

C.

-e

D.

-s

45 $Which command is used to shift positional parameters (e.g., make 1)?$

A.

move

B.

shift

C.

next

D.

rotate

46 $How do you check if a variable $num is NOT equal to 10 in a conditional [ ] ?$

A.

[ $num != 10 ]

B.

[ $num -ne 10 ]

C.

[ $num <> 10 ]

D.

[ $num ! 10 ]

47 $To iterate through a list of files in the current directory ending in .txt, which for loop head is appropriate?$

A.

for file in *.txt

B.

for file in ls *.txt

C.

for file in "*.txt"

D.

foreach file in *.txt

48 $What is the result of echo $(( 2**3 )) in bash?$

A.

6

B.

8

C.

5

D.

Error

49 $Which output redirection allows you to redirect output to null (discard it completely)?$

A.

> /dev/null

B.

> /dev/void

C.

> /dev/empty

D.

> /dev/zero

50 $What is the primary difference between * when enclosed in double quotes?$

A.

There is no difference

B.

" *" treats them as a single string

C.

" *" treats them as separate strings

D.

"$@" expands to the count of arguments

Unit 2 - Practice Quiz

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