1 $In Bash scripting, which of the following is a valid syntax for defining a function named myFunc ?$

A.

def myFunc():

B.

function myFunc { commands; }

C.

func myFunc() { commands }

D.

myFunc = function() { commands; }

2 $When writing a multi-function script, how do you define a variable that is only accessible within the function it is declared in?$

A.

private var_name

B.

local var_name

C.

const var_name

D.

restricted var_name

3 $Inside a function, how do you access the first argument passed specifically to that function?$

A.

$ARG1

B.

$0

C.

$1

D.

@{1}

4 $Which command is used to return a numeric exit status from a function to the caller?$

A.

back

B.

return

C.

exit

D.

echo

5 $To enable an interactive menu, which Bash command is commonly used to accept single-character input without requiring the user to press Enter?$

A.

read -p

B.

read -n 1

C.

input -char

D.

getch

6 $Which ANSI escape code sequence is typically used to print text in Red ?$

A.

\033[0;31m

B.

\033[0;32m

C.

\033[0;34m

D.

\color{red}

7 $When using ANSI escape codes for colors, what is the code \033[0m used for?$

A.

Set background to black

B.

Make text bold

C.

Reset/Normalize all attributes

D.

Clear the screen

8 $Which control structure is most efficient for handling multiple choices in an interactive menu script?$

A.

if-else chain

B.

case statement

C.

for loop

D.

while loop

9 $What is the primary command used to securely execute a script on a remote server?$

A.

telnet

B.

ftp

C.

ssh

D.

netcat

10 $How can you execute a local script named setup.sh on a remote server user@host without copying the file there first?$

A.

ssh user@host < setup.sh

B.

ssh user@host exec setup.sh

C.

scp setup.sh user@host && run

D.

ssh user@host -s setup.sh

11 $To perform remote execution without entering a password every time, which mechanism should be set up?$

A.

SSH Key-based Authentication

B.

Telnet plain text

C.

Hardcoded password in script

D.

Root permission

12 $Which command-line tool is specifically designed to parse, filter, and map JSON data in the terminal?$

A.

awk

B.

sed

C.

grep

D.

jq

13 $Given the JSON {"status": "active", "id": 50}, which jq filter extracts the value of the status?$

A.

jq .status

B.

jq 'status'

C.

jq [status]

D.

jq -extract status

14 $What does the jq command jq '.' do to raw JSON input?$

A.

Deletes the JSON

B.

Minifies the JSON

C.

Pretty-prints/Formats the JSON

D.

Extracts the first element

15 $Given a JSON array [{"id":1}, {"id":2}], how do you access the first object using jq ?$

A.

jq .array(0)

B.

jq .[1]

C.

jq .[0]

D.

jq .first

16 $When interacting with the Cloudflare API via curl, which HTTP header is used for authentication using an API Token?$

A.

-H "Authorization: Bearer <TOKEN>"

B.

-H "Auth: <TOKEN>"

C.

-u user:<TOKEN>

D.

-H "X-CF-Key: <TOKEN>"

17 $Which curl flag is used to send JSON data as the payload (body) of a request?$

A.

-d or --data

B.

-j or --json

C.

-b or --body

D.

-p or --payload

18 $If you need to update a DNS record via Cloudflare API, which HTTP method is appropriate?$

A.

GET

B.

PUT

C.

HEAD

D.

DELETE

19 $In an Apache access log, which command is most suitable for extracting just the IP addresses (usually the first column)?$

A.

awk '{print $1}'

B.

grep '$1'

C.

cut -c 1-5

D.

sed 'delete all'

20 $When summarizing logs, what does the command sequence sort | uniq -c do?$

A.

Sorts lines and removes duplicates

B.

Sorts lines and counts the occurrences of each unique line

C.

Sorts lines and deletes unique lines

D.

Uniquely sorts characters

21 $Which command would you use to filter an access log for only entries resulting in a '404 Not Found' error?$

A.

grep "404"

B.

find "404"

C.

locate "404"

D.

cat "404"

22 $What is the primary function of SSMTP in a scripting context?$

A.

To receive emails (IMAP server)

B.

To act as a full-featured mail server like Exchange

C.

To send emails from the command line via an external SMTP server

D.

To encrypt emails using PGP

23 $Which configuration file typically holds the credentials and server details for SSMTP?$

A.

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

B.

/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf

C.

/var/www/html/config.php

D.

/etc/mail/sendmail.cf

24 $To generate a random password, which system file serves as a source of non-blocking pseudorandom data?$

A.

/dev/null

B.

/dev/zero

C.

/dev/urandom

D.

/dev/randomness

25 $In a password generator script, what does tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9' do?$

A.

Translates lower case to upper case

B.

Deletes all characters except the complement (alphanumeric)

C.

Deletes alphanumeric characters

D.

Encrypts the input

26 $Which command allows you to cut a stream of characters to a specific length (e.g., take the first 12 characters)?$

A.

tail -c 12

B.

head -c 12

C.

cut -d 12

D.

grep -12

27 $What is the fundamental difference between a pipe | and redirection > ?$

A.

| sends output to a file; > sends output to a command

B.

| sends output to another command; > sends output to a file

C.

There is no difference

D.

> is used for errors only

28 $If you use >> instead of > when redirecting output to a file, what happens?$

A.

The file is overwritten

B.

The file is deleted

C.

The output is appended to the end of the file

D.

The command fails if the file exists

29 $How do you redirect Standard Error (stderr) to a file?$

A.

1>

B.

2>

C.

&>

D.

|>

30 $In the context of automating WordPress setup, what is the purpose of wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz ?$

A.

To install Apache

B.

To download the WordPress source files

C.

To configure the database

D.

To update the OS

31 $Which command is used to extract the .tar.gz file downloaded for WordPress?$

A.

unzip latest.tar.gz

B.

tar -xzf latest.tar.gz

C.

rar x latest.tar.gz

D.

gunzip latest.tar.gz

32 $In a LAMP stack automation script, which user usually owns the web directory (/var/www/html) for security and write access?$

A.

root

B.

admin

C.

www-data

D.

guest

33 $When automating the database setup for WordPress, which SQL command creates the database?$

A.

MAKE DATABASE wordpress;

B.

CREATE DATABASE wordpress;

C.

NEW DATABASE wordpress;

D.

INIT DATABASE wordpress;

34 $To allow WordPress to connect to the database, which file needs to be created from wp-config-sample.php ?$

A.

wp-settings.php

B.

wp-connect.php

C.

wp-config.php

D.

config.php

35 $Which sed command pattern is best for replacing a placeholder like database_name_here in a config file?$

A.

sed -i 's/database_name_here/my_db/' file

B.

sed -r 'database_name_here -> my_db' file

C.

sed 'delete database_name_here' file

D.

sed -x 'my_db' file

36 $What is the result of the logical operation cmd1 && cmd2 in a script?$

A.

cmd2 runs only if cmd1 succeeds

B.

cmd2 runs only if cmd1 fails

C.

Both commands run simultaneously

D.

cmd1 runs only if cmd2 succeeds

37 $When using curl to fetch JSON data, how do you suppress the progress meter output?$

A.

-v

B.

-s

C.

--verbose

D.

-P

38 $In a bash script, what does set -e do?$

A.

Enables syntax highlighting

B.

Exports all variables

C.

Exits the script immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status

D.

Enables debugging mode

39 $Which tool would you use to verify that a variable $JSON contains valid JSON syntax before parsing it?$

A.

echo "$JSON" | jq .

B.

echo "$JSON" | grep json

C.

cat "$JSON"

D.

validate_json "$JSON"

40 $When creating a log summarizer, which awk variable represents the number of fields (columns) in the current line?$

A.

NR

B.

NF

C.

FS

D.

$$

41 $In an interactive menu, how do you create an infinite loop that keeps the menu open until the user chooses to exit?$

A.

for i in {1..100}; do ... done

B.

while true; do ... done

C.

until false; do ... done

D.

repeat ... until exit

42 $How do you securely supply a password to mysql in a script without the prompt interrupting the automation?$

A.

mysql -u user -pPASSWORD

B.

It is impossible

C.

Type it manually

D.

Use telnet

43 $What is the purpose of ssh-copy-id user@host ?$

A.

To copy the SSH daemon to a remote server

B.

To copy your public key to the remote server's authorized_keys

C.

To copy files securely

D.

To duplicate the server ID

44 $When using grep, which flag allows you to search using Extended Regular Expressions (like | for OR)?$

A.

-i

B.

-E

C.

-v

D.

-x

45 $In an SSMTP email body, what must usually be the first line to ensure the recipient is displayed correctly in email clients?$

A.

Subject: My Subject

B.

To: recipient@example.com

C.

From: me@example.com

D.

Hello World

46 $Which of the following generates a random 16-character string using openssl ?$

A.

openssl rand -base64 12

B.

openssl genrsa 16

C.

openssl sha256

D.

openssl random 16

47 $If you want to debug a script by printing every command before it is executed, how do you run the script?$

A.

bash -x script.sh

B.

bash -d script.sh

C.

bash -v script.sh

D.

bash -e script.sh

48 $When automating the Apache service, which command ensures Apache starts automatically when the server boots?$

A.

systemctl start apache2

B.

systemctl enable apache2

C.

service apache2 run

D.

apache2 --init

49 $Which mathematical operator in a Bash arithmetic expansion a ? $b)) performs the modulo operation?$

A.

/

B.

%

C.

*

D.

#

50 $In a JSON API response, if a key contains a special character (e.g., user-name), how must it be referenced in jq ?$

A.

.user-name

B.

."user-name"

C.

.['user-name']

D.

Both B and C

Unit 4 - Practice Quiz

Send Feedback

Thank You!