1 $Which character sequence, placed at the very first line of a script, indicates the interpreter to be used for execution?$

A.

//bin/bash

B.

#!/bin/bash

C.

/ /bin/bash /

D.

$$/bin/bash

2 $What is the correct syntax to assign the integer value $10$ to a variable named count in Bash?$

A.

count = 10

B.

$count = 10

C.

count=10

D.

int count = 10

3 $How do you access the value stored in a variable named username ?$

A.

username

B.

%username%

C.

$username

D.

@username

4 $Which command is used to accept user input and store it in a variable?$

A.

input

B.

get

C.

scan

D.

read

5 $What is the standard file extension for Bash scripts, although not strictly required by Linux?$

A.

.bat

B.

.sh

C.

.py

D.

.exe

6 $Which character is used to start a single-line comment in a Bash script?$

A.

//

B.

#

C.

/*

D.

--

7 $Which variable represents the first argument passed to a Bash script?$

A.

$0

B.

$1

C.

$arg1

D.

$#

8 $Which variable contains the total number of arguments passed to the script?$

A.

$@

B.

$*

C.

$?

D.

$#

9 $What is the output of the expression: echo $(( 5 + 3 )) ?$

A.

5 + 3

B.

8

C.

53

D.

Error

10 $Which operator is used to calculate the remainder (modulo) in Bash arithmetic?$

A.

//

B.

mod

C.

%

D.

\

11 $To make a script named script.sh executable, which command should be run?$

A.

chmod +x script.sh

B.

chown +x script.sh

C.

exec script.sh

D.

enable script.sh

12 $What defines an array named fruits containing "apple", "banana", and "cherry"?$

A.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

B.

fruits=("apple" "banana" "cherry")

C.

fruits="apple, banana, cherry"

D.

array fruits = {apple, banana, cherry}

13 $Given arr=(A B C), how do you access the second element ("B")?$

A.

${arr[1]}

B.

${arr[2]}

C.

$arr(1)

D.

${arr:1}

14 $Which syntax correctly returns the length of the string stored in variable text ?$

A.

${text.length}

B.

length($text)

C.

${#text}

D.

${text[@]}

15 $Given str="Hello World", what does ${str:0:5} output?$

A.

World

B.

Hello

C.

Hello

D.

Worl

16 $Which special variable holds the exit status of the last executed command?$

A.

$!

B.

$$

C.

$?

D.

$0

17 $Which exit code conventionally indicates that a command executed successfully?$

A.

1

B.

-1

C.

D.

100

18 $Which conditional operator checks if a file exists and is a regular file?$

A.

-d

B.

-f

C.

-e

D.

-r

19 $Which operator is used to compare if two integers are equal in a [ ] test condition?$

A.

==

B.

=

C.

-eq

D.

===

20 $What is the correct way to close an if statement?$

A.

endif

B.

end

C.

done

D.

fi

21 $Which keyword matches the start of a case statement to handle multiple patterns?$

A.

switch

B.

case

C.

select

D.

match

22 $In a case statement, what sequence acts as a break to terminate a pattern block?$

A.

;

B.

break

C.

;;

D.

done

23 $Which loop iterates over a list of items?$

A.

while

B.

until

C.

for

D.

loop

24 $Which loop continues to execute as long as the condition is true ?$

A.

until

B.

for

C.

while

D.

if

25 $Which loop executes as long as the condition is false (stops when it becomes true)?$

A.

while

B.

do-while

C.

until

D.

foreach

26 $Which keywords frame the body of a for or while loop?$

A.

start ... end

B.

do ... done

C.

bin ... bash

D.

{ ... }

27 $Which command immediately terminates the current loop iteration and jumps to the next one?$

A.

break

B.

exit

C.

pass

D.

continue

28 $Which command terminates the entire loop immediately?$

A.

stop

B.

halt

C.

break

D.

return

29 $What is the correct syntax to define a function named myFunc ?$

A.

def myFunc():

B.

function myFunc { }

C.

myFunc() { commands; }

D.

void myFunc() { }

30 $How do you call a function named greet with an argument "John"?$

A.

call greet("John")

B.

greet("John")

C.

greet "John"

D.

execute greet "John"

31 $Which keyword is used to define variables that are valid only within a function?$

A.

var

B.

private

C.

my

D.

local

32 $Which option can be added to the read command to display a prompt message to the user?$

A.

-m

B.

-p

C.

-t

D.

-s

33 $What is the purpose of command substitution $(command) ?$

A.

To run a command in the background

B.

To replace a command with a comment

C.

To use the output of a command as a variable or argument

D.

To debug a command

34 $Which conditional operator checks if a specific directory exists?$

A.

-f

B.

-r

C.

-d

D.

-x

35 $Which Bash mode/flag prints each command before executing it, useful for debugging?$

A.

-e

B.

-x

C.

-v

D.

-d

36 $What does the logic operator && do between two commands (e.g., cmd1 && cmd2)?$

A.

Runs cmd2 only if cmd1 succeeds

B.

Runs cmd2 only if cmd1 fails

C.

Runs both commands simultaneously

D.

Pipes output of cmd1 to cmd2

37 $What does the logic operator || do (e.g., cmd1 || cmd2)?$

A.

Runs cmd2 only if cmd1 succeeds

B.

Runs cmd2 only if cmd1 fails

C.

Runs both commands in parallel

D.

Redirects input

38 $Which command is used to create a shortcut for a long command (e.g., creating ll for ls -al)?$

A.

shortcut

B.

link

C.

alias

D.

export

39 $Which file in the user's home directory is commonly used to store persistent aliases and environment variables?$

A.

.bash_history

B.

.bashrc

C.

.config

D.

.env

40 $Which command is used to reload the .bashrc file without logging out and back in?$

A.

reload .bashrc

B.

refresh

C.

source .bashrc

D.

run .bashrc

41 $What does the tilde ~ symbol represent in Bash?$

A.

The root directory

B.

The current working directory

C.

The user's home directory

D.

The last executed command

42 $Which shortcut repeats the very last command executed in the terminal?$

A.

@@

B.

!!

C.

r

D.

again

43 $If you want to perform floating-point arithmetic (decimals), which external utility is commonly piped into from Bash?$

A.

math

B.

expr

C.

bc

D.

float

44 $How do you check if a string variable $STR is empty in a conditional test?$

A.

[ -z "$STR" ]

B.

[ -n "$STR" ]

C.

[ "$STR" == 0 ]

D.

[ -e "$STR" ]

45 $What does the -ne operator stand for in an integer comparison?$

A.

Not Empty

B.

Near Equal

C.

Not Equal

D.

Negative

46 $Which command allows you to view the list of previously executed commands?$

A.

past

B.

log

C.

history

D.

mem

47 $What happens if you run a script that does not have the executable permission bit set using ./script.sh ?$

A.

It runs in debug mode

B.

Permission denied error

C.

It asks for the root password

D.

It runs slowly

48 $How can you specify a range of numbers from 1 to 5 in a for loop?$

A.

{1..5}

B.

[1-5]

C.

(1 to 5)

D.

range(1,5)

49 $When defining a custom command (script) to be accessible system-wide, where is it commonly placed?$

A.

/tmp

B.

/var/log

C.

/usr/local/bin

D.

/etc

50 $Which mathematical assignment operator increments a variable by a value (e.g.,)?$

A.

x++5

B.

x += 5

C.

x =+ 5

D.

x :+ 5

Unit 3 - Practice Quiz

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