1Which component of the response of a network usually decays to zero as time approaches infinity?
A.Steady state response
B.Transient response
C.Sinusoidal response
D.Forced response
Correct Answer: Transient response
Explanation:The transient response is the temporary response of the circuit that dies out with time, leaving only the steady-state response.
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2The time constant of a series circuit is given by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:For a series RL circuit, the time constant is defined as the ratio of Inductance to Resistance, .
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3In a series circuit connected to a DC voltage source , what is the voltage across the capacitor at (steady state)?
A.
B.
C.
D.Infinite
Correct Answer:
Explanation:At steady state () for a DC source, a capacitor acts as an open circuit. Therefore, the full source voltage appears across it.
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4At time , an uncharged inductor acts as a/an:
A.Short circuit
B.Open circuit
C.Voltage source
D.Current source
Correct Answer: Open circuit
Explanation:An inductor opposes a sudden change in current. If the initial current is zero (), it remains zero at , effectively acting as an open circuit.
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5The transient response of an RLC circuit is oscillatory when the circuit is:
A.Overdamped
B.Critically damped
C.Underdamped
D.Undamped
Correct Answer: Underdamped
Explanation:An underdamped system (damping ratio ) exhibits oscillations that decay over time.
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6The Laplace transform of the unit step function is:
A.$1$
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:By definition, .
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7Which of the following represents the definition of the Laplace Transform of a function ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:The unilateral Laplace transform is defined as .
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8The Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Using the definition, .
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9What is the condition for critical damping in a series RLC circuit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Critical damping occurs when the roots of the characteristic equation are real and equal, which happens when , or .
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10The Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This is a standard transform pair: .
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11If , then is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This describes the Time Shifting Property of the Laplace Transform.
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12The Final Value Theorem states that is equal to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:The Final Value Theorem states , provided the poles of are in the left half-plane.
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13The Laplace transform of the impulse function is:
A.$0$
B.$1$
C.
D.
Correct Answer: $1$
Explanation:The area under the impulse function is 1, and the exponential term becomes 1 at , resulting in a transform of 1.
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14In the s-domain, the impedance of an inductor with inductance is represented as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Since , in the Laplace domain (assuming zero initial conditions), , so .
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15The time constant of a series circuit is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:For a series RC circuit, the time constant .
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16If a capacitor has an initial voltage , its s-domain equivalent model is:
A.Capacitor in parallel with a current source
B.Capacitor in series with a voltage source
C.Capacitor in series with a voltage source
D.Both A and B are correct
Correct Answer: Both A and B are correct
Explanation:An initial voltage on a capacitor can be modeled as a voltage source in series with or a current source in parallel with .
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17The Laplace transform of (where is a positive integer) is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Standard transform pair: .
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18The Laplace transform of the derivative of a function, , is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This is the differentiation property in the time domain, accounting for the initial condition .
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19In a series RLC circuit, if , the response is:
A.Overdamped
B.Underdamped
C.Critically damped
D.Oscillatory
Correct Answer: Overdamped
Explanation:When the damping factor is greater than the natural frequency , the roots are real and distinct, resulting in an overdamped non-oscillatory response.
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20Which theorem allows finding the inverse Laplace transform of the product of two functions ?
A.Initial Value Theorem
B.Final Value Theorem
C.Convolution Theorem
D.Shift Theorem
Correct Answer: Convolution Theorem
Explanation:The Convolution Theorem states that .
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21The Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Standard transform pair: .
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22Calculate the Inverse Laplace Transform of .
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Since , the inverse of is .
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23For a periodic function with period , the Laplace transform is given by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This is the standard formula for the Laplace transform of a periodic function.
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24If , then is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This is the Frequency Shifting (or First Shifting) Property.
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25The time required for the response to reach 63.2% of its final value in a first-order circuit is called:
A.Rise time
B.Settling time
C.Time constant
D.Delay time
Correct Answer: Time constant
Explanation:In a first-order system (like RC or RL), at , the response reaches or 63.2% of the final value.
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26The Laplace transform of the integral of a function, , is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Integration in the time domain corresponds to division by in the Laplace domain.
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27In the partial fraction expansion of , the roots of are called:
A.Zeros
B.Poles
C.Residues
D.Factors
Correct Answer: Poles
Explanation:The roots of the denominator polynomial are the poles of the system function.
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28What is the steady-state current in a series RL circuit with and a 100V DC source?
A.0 A
B.10 A
C.100 A
D.Depends on L
Correct Answer: 10 A
Explanation:At steady state DC, the inductor acts as a short circuit. .
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29The Initial Value Theorem is valid only if:
A. is a strictly proper fraction (degree of numerator < degree of denominator)
B.The poles of are in the right half-plane
C. is discontinuous at
D. has a pole at the origin
Correct Answer: is a strictly proper fraction (degree of numerator < degree of denominator)
Explanation:For the limit to exist and yield , the degree of the numerator must be less than the denominator.
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30Which method is commonly used to find the Inverse Laplace Transform of rational functions?
A.Convolution integral
B.Partial Fraction Expansion
C.Differentiation
D.Integration
Correct Answer: Partial Fraction Expansion
Explanation:Partial Fraction Expansion decomposes a complex rational function into simpler terms (like ) whose inverse transforms are known.
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31The Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Multiplication by in the time domain corresponds to the negative derivative in the s-domain: .
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32An inductor with initial current is transformed into the s-domain as:
A.Inductor only
B.Inductor in series with voltage source
C.Inductor in parallel with voltage source
D.Inductor in series with current source
Correct Answer: Inductor in series with voltage source
Explanation:The voltage equation transforms to , representing an impedance in series with a voltage source (opposing). Depending on polarity convention, it's a series voltage source of magnitude .
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33What is the natural frequency of a series RLC circuit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:The undamped natural frequency is given by .
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34The inverse Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Matching the form where , so .
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35If a system has a pole at , the natural response will contain a term:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:A real pole at corresponds to a decay term in the time domain.
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36The convolution of two functions and in the time domain corresponds to what operation in the Laplace domain?
A.Addition
B.Subtraction
C.Multiplication
D.Division
Correct Answer: Multiplication
Explanation:Convolution in time is multiplication in the s-domain: .
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37The Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Since , the transform is .
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38In a series RC circuit, the voltage across the resistor decays:
A.Linearly
B.Exponentially
C.Sinusoidally
D.It remains constant
Correct Answer: Exponentially
Explanation:During charging or discharging, the current decays exponentially, so the voltage across the resistor () also decays exponentially.
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39Find the initial value of using the Initial Value Theorem.
A.
B.3
C.2
D.Infinite
Correct Answer: 3
Explanation:.
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40The Laplace transform is used to convert:
A.Algebraic equations to differential equations
B.Differential equations to algebraic equations
C.Integro-differential equations to partial differential equations
D.Frequency domain to time domain
Correct Answer: Differential equations to algebraic equations
Explanation:The primary utility of Laplace transforms in circuit analysis is converting difficult differential equations in the time domain to simpler algebraic equations in the s-domain.
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41For the function , the Laplace transform is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Using the frequency shift property on , we get .
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42In an RLC circuit, the damping ratio is defined as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:The damping ratio is the ratio of the neper frequency (damping factor) to the natural frequency .
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43The Laplace transform of a constant is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Since , by linearity .
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44If , the inverse transform involves:
A.Exponential decay only
B.Pure sine wave
C.Damped sine wave ()
D.Step function
Correct Answer: Damped sine wave ()
Explanation:The denominator has complex roots (). This form corresponds to a damped sinusoid.
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45The impedance of a capacitor in the s-domain is :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:From , , so .
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46A unit step voltage is applied to a series RL circuit. The current expression is of the form:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This represents the standard rising exponential response of current in an RL circuit energized by a DC source.
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47Which property allows us to calculate easily?
A.Time Scaling
B.Frequency Shifting
C.Time Shifting
D.Differentiation
Correct Answer: Frequency Shifting
Explanation:The frequency shifting property states . Here we shift the transform of by substituting .
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48The inverse Laplace transform of is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This matches the form where and , corresponding to .
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49For a circuit to be in 'steady state', the value of time theoretically approaches:
A.
B.The time constant
C.5
D.Infinity
Correct Answer: Infinity
Explanation:Theoretically, steady state is reached at , though practically it is often assumed reached after .
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50When applying Laplace transforms to circuit analysis, Kirchhoff's laws (KVL and KCL):
A.Are no longer valid
B.Apply only to resistors
C.Apply in the s-domain exactly as in the t-domain
D.Must be modified with integral terms
Correct Answer: Apply in the s-domain exactly as in the t-domain
Explanation:KVL and KCL hold true for the transformed voltages and currents in the s-domain.
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