1The word 'Communication' is derived from the Latin word 'Communis', which means:
A.To speak
B.To share or make common
C.To listen
D.To write
Correct Answer: To share or make common
Explanation:The term originates from the Latin 'Communis', implying the sharing of ideas or making information common between two or more parties.
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2Which of the following best describes the nature of communication?
A.It is a static process
B.It is a one-way activity
C.It is a dynamic, two-way process
D.It is exclusively verbal
Correct Answer: It is a dynamic, two-way process
Explanation:Communication is not static; it is a dynamic, continuous, and two-way process involving the exchange of information and feedback.
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3In the communication process, encoding refers to:
A.The receiver interpreting the message
B.The sender converting thoughts into symbols or words
C.The medium used to send the message
D.The disturbances preventing delivery
Correct Answer: The sender converting thoughts into symbols or words
Explanation:Encoding is the step where the sender translates an abstract idea or thought into a transmittable message using words, gestures, or symbols.
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4Which component constitutes the response of the receiver to the sender's message?
A.Context
B.Encoding
C.Feedback
D.Channel
Correct Answer: Feedback
Explanation:Feedback is the receiver's response, ensuring that the message has been received and understood, completing the communication loop.
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5Noise in the communication model refers to:
A.Only loud sounds in the environment
B.Any barrier or interference that distorts the message
C.The volume of the speaker's voice
D.The electronic signal strength
Correct Answer: Any barrier or interference that distorts the message
Explanation:In communication theory (like the Shannon-Weaver model), noise refers to any interference—physical, psychological, or semantic—that degrades the message accuracy.
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6Communication within oneself, such as thinking or self-talk, is known as:
A.Interpersonal Communication
B.Intrapersonal Communication
C.Mass Communication
D.Dyadic Communication
Correct Answer: Intrapersonal Communication
Explanation:Intrapersonal communication takes place within a single individual, involving thoughts, self-reflection, and mental processing.
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7The 'Grapevine' is another term for which type of communication?
A.Formal Communication
B.Informal Communication
C.Lateral Communication
D.Vertical Communication
Correct Answer: Informal Communication
Explanation:The Grapevine refers to the informal, unstructured communication network within an organization, often based on social relationships rather than hierarchy.
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8Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective communication?
A.Clarity
B.Conciseness
C.Ambiguity
D.Courtesty
Correct Answer: Ambiguity
Explanation:Ambiguity leads to confusion. Effective communication relies on the '7 Cs', which include Clarity, Conciseness, and Courtesy, but definitely avoids ambiguity.
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9When a subordinate communicates with a superior, the flow of communication is:
A.Downward
B.Upward
C.Horizontal
D.Diagonal
Correct Answer: Upward
Explanation:Upward communication flows from lower levels of a hierarchy to higher levels, such as feedback, reports, or complaints sent to managers.
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10The study of body language, including gestures, posture, and facial expressions, is called:
A.Proxemics
B.Chronemics
C.Kinesics
D.Haptics
Correct Answer: Kinesics
Explanation:Kinesics is the technical term for the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures.
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11Proxemics refers to the study of:
A.Time in communication
B.Space and distance in communication
C.Touch in communication
D.Eye contact
Correct Answer: Space and distance in communication
Explanation:Proxemics deals with the amount of distance people feel it necessary to set between themselves and others (e.g., intimate, personal, social, and public zones).
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12Which of the following constitutes Paralanguage?
A.Written words in a report
B.Tone, pitch, and volume of voice
C.Handshakes
D.Email subject lines
Correct Answer: Tone, pitch, and volume of voice
Explanation:Paralanguage (or vocalics) refers to the non-lexical component of communication by speech, such as intonation, pitch, speed of speaking, and volume.
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13A Semantic barrier to communication arises due to:
A.Loud background noise
B.Different meanings attached to words
C.Poor eyesight
D.Distance between sender and receiver
Correct Answer: Different meanings attached to words
Explanation:Semantic barriers occur when words are interpreted differently by the sender and receiver, often due to jargon, ambiguity, or language differences.
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14Which of the following is an example of a Physiological barrier?
A.Using technical jargon
B.Hearing impairment
C.Prejudice against the speaker
D.Noisy environment
Correct Answer: Hearing impairment
Explanation:Physiological barriers are related to the body's limitations or disabilities, such as hearing loss, poor vision, or illness, which hinder communication.
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15Chronemics is the study of how we use ______ in communication.
A.Colors
B.Time
C.Touch
D.Objects
Correct Answer: Time
Explanation:Chronemics is the study of the use of time in non-verbal communication, including punctuality, willingness to wait, and speed of speech.
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16The fear of public speaking is technically known as:
A.Claustrophobia
B.Acrophobia
C.Glossophobia
D.Xenophobia
Correct Answer: Glossophobia
Explanation:Glossophobia is the specific medical term used to describe the strong fear or anxiety associated with public speaking.
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17High self-esteem aids communication by:
A.Making the speaker arrogant
B.Allowing the speaker to ignore feedback
C.Reducing anxiety and increasing confidence
D.Decreasing the volume of speech
Correct Answer: Reducing anxiety and increasing confidence
Explanation:Individuals with high self-esteem generally experience less anxiety, trust their own capabilities, and project confidence, which makes communication more effective.
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18Which of the following is a strategy to overcome stage fear?
A.Memorizing the script word-for-word without understanding
B.Avoiding eye contact with the audience
C.Deep breathing and visualization
D.Drinking excessive caffeine before speaking
Correct Answer: Deep breathing and visualization
Explanation:Relaxation techniques like deep breathing and positive visualization help calm the nervous system and reduce the 'fight or flight' response associated with stage fear.
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19In the context of barriers, 'Filtering' means:
A.Speaking clearly
B.Manipulating information to seem more favorable to the receiver
C.Removing background noise
D.Using a translator
Correct Answer: Manipulating information to seem more favorable to the receiver
Explanation:Filtering is a barrier where the sender manipulates information so that it will be seen more favorably by the receiver (e.g., telling the boss only what they want to hear).
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20The 'Halo Effect' is a psychological barrier where:
A.One positive trait influences the overall perception of a person
B.No communication occurs
C.The receiver is deaf
D.Language is not understood
Correct Answer: One positive trait influences the overall perception of a person
Explanation:The Halo Effect causes a listener to trust or believe someone based on a generally positive impression (like appearance), potentially ignoring the actual content or flaws in the message.
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21Written communication generally has the advantage of being:
A.Immediate in feedback
B.More personal than oral communication
C.Valid as a legal record
D.Faster than oral communication
Correct Answer: Valid as a legal record
Explanation:Written communication provides a permanent record that can be verified and used for legal or reference purposes later.
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22Which non-verbal cue is associated with Haptics?
A.A firm handshake
B.Rolling eyes
C.Standing 2 feet apart
D.Arriving late
Correct Answer: A firm handshake
Explanation:Haptics is the study of touching as non-verbal communication. A handshake is a primary example of haptic communication.
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23To ensure the message is 'Concrete' (one of the 7 Cs), it should be:
A.Polite and gentle
B.Specific, definite, and supported by facts/figures
C.Short and brief
D.Grammatically correct
Correct Answer: Specific, definite, and supported by facts/figures
Explanation:Concreteness means being specific and definite rather than vague and general. It often involves using specific facts and figures.
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24Which model of communication is often referred to as the 'Mother of all Models'?
A.Aristotle's Model
B.Shannon-Weaver Model
C.Berlo's Model
D.Schramm's Model
Correct Answer: Shannon-Weaver Model
Explanation:The Shannon-Weaver model (1949), originally designed for telephone technology, is foundational to communication theory and is often called the 'mother of all models'.
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25Information Overload is a barrier that occurs when:
A.The channel is broken
B.The information exceeds the receiver's processing capacity
C.There is too much noise in the room
D.The sender speaks too softly
Correct Answer: The information exceeds the receiver's processing capacity
Explanation:Information overload happens when the volume of information supply exceeds the human processing capacity, leading to stress and misinterpretation.
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26Oculesics refers to the study of:
A.Smell
B.Eye behavior
C.Taste
D.Posture
Correct Answer: Eye behavior
Explanation:Oculesics is a sub-category of Kinesics that specifically focuses on eye contact, gaze, and eye movement.
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27A reliable method to minimize communication gaps is:
A.Assuming the receiver understands everything
B.Active Listening
C.Using complex vocabulary
D.Ignoring non-verbal cues
Correct Answer: Active Listening
Explanation:Active listening involves fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what is being said, which significantly reduces misunderstandings.
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28In the context of communication barriers, Jargon is classified as:
A.A Physical Barrier
B.A Linguistic/Semantic Barrier
C.A Physiological Barrier
D.A Mechanical Barrier
Correct Answer: A Linguistic/Semantic Barrier
Explanation:Jargon refers to specialized terminology used by a specific group. If the receiver does not belong to that group, they cannot understand the meaning, creating a semantic/linguistic barrier.
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29The 'You' attitude in communication implies:
A.Blaming the other person
B.Prioritizing the sender's needs
C.Considering the receiver's perspective and benefits
D.Using the word 'You' aggressively
Correct Answer: Considering the receiver's perspective and benefits
Explanation:The 'You' attitude involves empathy—framing communication from the receiver's point of view to make it more effective and persuasive.
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30Which of the following acts as an artifact in non-verbal communication?
A.A smile
B.Clothing and accessories
C.Tone of voice
D.Distance maintained
Correct Answer: Clothing and accessories
Explanation:Artifacts are objects and images (like clothes, jewelry, or office decor) that convey non-verbal messages about a person's identity or status.
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31Decoding takes place at the end of the:
A.Sender
B.Medium
C.Receiver
D.Encoder
Correct Answer: Receiver
Explanation:The receiver is responsible for decoding, which means interpreting the symbols sent by the sender to understand the message.
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32A major reason for miscommunication is 'Selective Perception', which means:
A.The receiver hears only what they want to hear
B.The sender selects the wrong channel
C.The message is lost in transmission
D.The feedback is delayed
Correct Answer: The receiver hears only what they want to hear
Explanation:Selective perception is a psychological process where people unconsciously filter information to suit their existing beliefs or needs.
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33The linear model of communication is criticized because:
A.It is too complex
B.It lacks the element of feedback
C.It involves too many people
D.It focuses on body language
Correct Answer: It lacks the element of feedback
Explanation:Linear models (like the initial Aristotelian or Laswell models) represent communication as a one-way street and fail to account for the receiver's response (feedback).
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34Low self-esteem can lead to passive communication, characterized by:
A.Loud voice and aggressive stance
B.Clear expression of needs
C.Inability to say 'no' and avoiding conflict
D.Interrupting others frequently
Correct Answer: Inability to say 'no' and avoiding conflict
Explanation:People with low self-esteem often adopt a passive style, prioritizing others' needs over their own and failing to assert their boundaries.
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35Which of the following is a mechanical barrier?
A.Poor vocabulary
B.Bias
C.Noisy radio signal
D.Headache
Correct Answer: Noisy radio signal
Explanation:Mechanical barriers relate to defects in the devices or channels used for communication, such as static on a radio, a slow internet connection, or blurry print.
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36In the communication process, context refers to:
A.The dictionary meaning of words
B.The environment or situation in which communication occurs
C.The length of the message
D.The language used
Correct Answer: The environment or situation in which communication occurs
Explanation:Context includes the physical, social, psychological, and temporal environment that influences how a message is interpreted.
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37Empathy in communication helps to:
A.Build barriers
B.Understand the emotions and perspective of others
C.Create stage fear
D.Increase encoding time
Correct Answer: Understand the emotions and perspective of others
Explanation:Empathy is the ability to sense other people's emotions and imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling, which is crucial for connection.
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38Communication that takes place between two people is specifically called:
A.Dyadic Communication
B.Mass Communication
C.Public Communication
D.Small Group Communication
Correct Answer: Dyadic Communication
Explanation:Dyadic communication implies an exchange between exactly two people (a dyad).
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39Which of the following is a Non-Linguistic barrier?
A.Use of unknown language
B.Use of Jargon
C.Fear and anxiety
D.Ambiguous words
Correct Answer: Fear and anxiety
Explanation:Linguistic barriers relate to language and words. Fear and anxiety are psychological states, making them non-linguistic barriers.
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40The '7 Cs' of communication are a checklist for:
A.Choosing the right channel
B.Drafting effective messages
C.Analyzing body language
D.Overcoming stage fear
Correct Answer: Drafting effective messages
Explanation:The 7 Cs (Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous) are principles used to ensure written and oral messages are effective.
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41Gestures that replace words (e.g., a 'thumbs up') are called:
A.Illustrators
B.Emblems
C.Regulators
D.Adaptors
Correct Answer: Emblems
Explanation:Emblems are non-verbal signals that can generally be translated directly into words (like a wave for 'hello' or thumbs up for 'good').
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42Diagonal Communication occurs when:
A.Communication flows between peers at the same level
B.Communication flows between different departments and hierarchy levels
C.Communication flows strictly downward
D.Communication flows strictly upward
Correct Answer: Communication flows between different departments and hierarchy levels
Explanation:Diagonal (or cross-wise) communication happens between individuals at different levels of the hierarchy and in different departments, bypassing traditional chains of command.
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43The percentage of communication that is Non-Verbal according to research (e.g., Mehrabian) is approximately:
A. to
B. to
C. to
D.
Correct Answer: to
Explanation:Research (like Albert Mehrabian's 7-38-55 rule) suggests that a vast majority of emotional communication (up to 93%) is conveyed through non-verbal cues (tone and body language).
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44To overcome a Cross-Cultural barrier, one should:
A.Assume one's own culture is superior
B.Use slang and idioms freely
C.Be aware of and respect cultural differences
D.Speak very loudly
Correct Answer: Be aware of and respect cultural differences
Explanation:Cultural intelligence and sensitivity—understanding that gestures, time, and hierarchy work differently in other cultures—are key to overcoming these barriers.
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45The term 'Magic of Effective Communication' implies that communication can:
A.Perform supernatural tricks
B.Solve problems, build relationships, and influence others
C.Allow telepathy
D.Make the speaker invisible
Correct Answer: Solve problems, build relationships, and influence others
Explanation:The 'magic' refers to the transformative power of good communication to resolve conflicts, inspire people, and build strong professional and personal bonds.
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46Clarity in communication is best achieved by:
A.Using long, complex sentences
B.Using simple, direct language and active voice
C.Repeating the same word ten times
D.Providing insufficient information
Correct Answer: Using simple, direct language and active voice
Explanation:Clarity ensures the meaning is grasped immediately. Short sentences, concrete words, and active voice contribute to clarity.
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47A pre-judgment about a person or topic that hinders listening is called:
A.Empathy
B.Prejudice/Bias
C.Encoding
D.Feedback
Correct Answer: Prejudice/Bias
Explanation:Prejudice constitutes a psychological barrier where the listener has already made up their mind, preventing them from objectively evaluating the message.
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48In the communication process, the Receiver is also known as the:
A.Source
B.Destination/Audience
C.Encoder
D.Gatekeeper
Correct Answer: Destination/Audience
Explanation:The receiver is the target audience or destination for the message sent by the source.
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49Correctness in communication implies:
A.Being physically attractive
B.Proper grammar, punctuation, and accurate facts
C.Speaking in a low voice
D.Using expensive stationery
Correct Answer: Proper grammar, punctuation, and accurate facts
Explanation:Correctness involves using the right level of language, ensuring grammatical accuracy, and verifying that facts and figures are error-free.
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50Effective Feedback should be:
A.Delayed and vague
B.Personal and attacking
C.Constructive, specific, and timely
D.Ignored entirely
Correct Answer: Constructive, specific, and timely
Explanation:For feedback to be useful in the communication process, it must happen quickly (timely), address specific issues, and aim to improve the outcome (constructive).
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