1 $Which of the following best describes the DevSecOps trend?$

A.

Integrating security practices within the DevOps process from the start

B.

Replacing the operations team with security engineers

C.

Separating the security team from the development and operations teams completely

D.

Adding security checks only at the end of the development lifecycle

2 $In the context of DevOps market trends, what does the concept of'NoOps' imply?$

A.

A strategy where no operational tools are used

B.

An IT environment so automated that the underlying infrastructure is abstracted from developers

C.

An environment where operations are completely manual

D.

The total elimination of software developers

3 $Which skill is NOT typically considered a core technical skill for a DevOps Engineer ?$

A.

Understanding of Containerization (Docker/Kubernetes)

B.

Deep expertise in graphic design and UI/UX prototyping

C.

Knowledge of CI/CD pipelines

D.

Proficiency in Scripting languages (Python/Bash)

4 $What is the primary goal of the DevOps Delivery Pipeline ?$

A.

To increase the number of manual approval gates

B.

To strictly separate development and operations tasks

C.

To enable continuous delivery of value to the end user through automation

D.

To slow down development to ensure 100% bug-free code

5 $In the DevOps ecosystem, which tool is primarily associated with Source Code Management (SCM) ?$

A.

Docker

B.

Git

C.

Nagios

D.

Jenkins

6 $Which command is used in Git to download a repository from a remote source to your local machine for the first time?$

A.

git commit

B.

git push

C.

git fork

D.

git clone

7 $What is the function of git staging area (index)?$

A.

It pushes code to the remote server

B.

It permanently deletes files

C.

It stores the commit history

D.

It is an intermediate area where commits can be formatted and reviewed before completing the commit

8 $Which of the following is an XML file used by Maven to manage project dependencies and build configuration?$

A.

build.xml

B.

package.json

C.

pom.xml

D.

maven.yaml

9 $In Maven, what does the command mvn clean install do?$

A.

Cleans the project and installs the Maven software

B.

Removes the target directory, compiles, tests, packages, and installs the artifact into the local repository

C.

Installs the application on a remote server

D.

Cleans the code syntax only

10 $Which of the following best describes Jenkins ?$

A.

A configuration management tool

B.

An open-source automation server used for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery

C.

A virtualization hypervisor

D.

A container orchestration platform

11 $In Jenkins, what is a 'Pipeline'?$

A.

A database for storing user credentials

B.

A physical cable connecting servers

C.

A suite of plugins which supports implementing and integrating continuous delivery pipelines

D.

The graphical user interface for administration

12 $Which file is typically used to define a Jenkins Pipeline as code?$

A.

Jenkinsfile

B.

Pipeline.xml

C.

Dockerfile

D.

Playbook.yaml

13 $What is the primary function of Selenium in the DevOps toolchain?$

A.

Log monitoring

B.

Infrastructure provisioning

C.

Container management

D.

Automated web browser testing

14 $Which component of Selenium is responsible for executing tests against different browsers?$

A.

Selenium Server

B.

Selenium IDE

C.

Selenium WebDriver

D.

Selenium Grid

15 $What is the core difference between a Virtual Machine (VM) and a Docker Container ?$

A.

Containers require a full OS per instance; VMs share the host OS kernel

B.

Containers share the host OS kernel and are lightweight; VMs include a full Guest OS

C.

Docker cannot run on Linux

D.

VMs are faster to boot than containers

16 $Which file is used to assemble a Docker image ?$

A.

Dockerfile

B.

docker-compose.yml

C.

Imagefile

D.

Container.txt

17 $Which command starts a container from a Docker image?$

A.

docker pull

B.

docker commit

C.

docker build

D.

docker run

18 $What is Kubernetes primarily used for?$

A.

Managing physical hardware racks

B.

Automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications

C.

Writing source code

D.

Scanning code for security vulnerabilities

19 $In Kubernetes, what is the smallest deployable unit of computing that can be created and managed?$

A.

Node

B.

Cluster

C.

Pod

D.

Namespace

20 $What is the role of the Kubelet in Kubernetes?$

A.

It is the database storing cluster state

B.

It balances load across the internet

C.

It is the command line tool for users

D.

It is an agent that runs on each node to ensure containers are running in a Pod

21 $Which tool is known as an'Agentless' configuration management tool?$

A.

Ansible

B.

Chef

C.

Nagios

D.

Puppet

22 $What format does Ansible use for its Playbooks?$

A.

JSON

B.

YAML

C.

XML

D.

HTML

23 $Which term describes the architecture of Puppet ?$

A.

Monolithic

B.

Agentless

C.

Peer-to-Peer

D.

Master-Slave (or Server-Agent)

24 $In Puppet, the files containing the configuration details for a specific node or class of nodes are called:$

A.

Playbooks

B.

Blueprints

C.

Manifests

D.

Recipes

25 $What is Nagios primarily used for?$

A.

Continuous Integration

B.

Continuous Monitoring of Infrastructure

C.

Container Orchestration

D.

Source Code Management

26 $In Nagios, what is NRPE ?$

A.

Nagios Remote Plugin Executor

B.

New Relic Process Engine

C.

Network Routing Protocol Engine

D.

Nagios Real-time Processing Event

27 $Which of the following describes the'Shift Left' strategy in testing?$

A.

Developers write code with their left hand

B.

Testing is performed earlier in the software development lifecycle

C.

Testing is performed only after deployment to production

D.

Testing is moved to the left side of the screen

28 $What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC) ?$

A.

Physically building servers using code

B.

Installing operating systems via CD-ROM

C.

Writing code to document hardware inventory manually

D.

Managing and provisioning infrastructure through machine-readable definition files

29 $Which Git command is used to combine changes from one branch into the current branch?$

A.

git config

B.

git merge

C.

git tag

D.

git status

30 $In the context of Maven, what are 'Transitive Dependencies'?$

A.

Dependencies of your direct dependencies that are automatically included

B.

Dependencies used only for testing

C.

Dependencies that are removed during the build

D.

Dependencies that must be manually downloaded

31 $Which Jenkins feature allows it to distribute loads across multiple computers?$

A.

Plugin Manager

B.

Blue Ocean

C.

Master/Agent (Slave) architecture

D.

Pipeline syntax

32 $What is Docker Hub ?$

A.

A cloud-based registry service for sharing and storing Docker images

B.

A networking tool for Docker

C.

A local storage for containers

D.

The kernel of the Docker engine

33 $In Kubernetes, what is a Service ?$

A.

A physical server

B.

A background process in Linux

C.

An abstraction which defines a logical set of Pods and a policy by which to access them

D.

The billing component of K8s

34 $Which concept in Ansible describes the list of managed nodes (servers)?$

A.

Inventory

B.

Library

C.

Catalog

D.

Manifest

35 $Puppet uses a Declarative language. What does this mean?$

A.

You describe the steps to achieve a state

B.

You must manually compile the code

C.

You must write raw shell scripts

D.

You describe the desired final state, and the tool figures out how to achieve it

36 $Which monitoring state in Nagios indicates a critical problem?$

A.

UNKNOWN

B.

WARNING

C.

OK

D.

CRITICAL

37 $What is the role of'Headless Mode' in Selenium testing?$

A.

Running tests without a monitor attached to the server

B.

Running tests without an internet connection

C.

Running tests without a visible browser UI

D.

Running tests without a hard drive

38 $Which of the following is a key cultural aspect of DevOps?$

A.

Shared responsibility and collaboration

B.

Manual handoffs

C.

Blame culture

D.

Silos between teams

39 $What is a'Commit Hash' in Git?$

A.

A password to login to GitHub

B.

A unique SHA-1 checksum that identifies a specific commit

C.

A command to delete a file

D.

The size of the repository

40 $In Maven, the standard directory layout places source code in:$

A.

code/source

B.

root/java

C.

app/src

D.

src/main/java

41 $Which command allows you to view the logs of a Docker container?$

A.

docker view

B.

docker history

C.

docker trace

D.

docker logs [container_id]

42 $What is the'kubectl' command?$

A.

A Docker image builder

B.

The Kubernetes command-line tool for communicating with the cluster API

C.

A database tool

D.

A specialized Linux kernel

43 $In Ansible, what is a Module ?$

A.

A distinct server in the inventory

B.

A unit of code that Ansible executes on the target node

C.

A hardware component

D.

The main configuration file

44 $What is the primary function of a Version Control System ?$

A.

To monitor server health

B.

To track changes to files over time

C.

To deploy code to production

D.

To compiling code

45 $Which of the following is a benefit of Microservices architecture in DevOps?$

A.

Independent deployment and scaling of services

B.

Easier management of monolithic codebases

C.

Increased coupling between components

D.

Single point of failure

46 $What does CI stand for in CI/CD?$

A.

Continuous Improvement

B.

Code Inspection

C.

Cloud Infrastructure

D.

Continuous Integration

47 $If a Jenkins build fails, what is the most appropriate immediate action for a DevOps engineer?$

A.

Restart the Jenkins server immediately

B.

Investigate the console output/logs to identify the error

C.

Deploy the failed build to production

D.

Ignore it and wait for the next build

48 $Which Puppet component is responsible for collecting details about a node (OS, IP address, uptime)?$

A.

Hiera

B.

Catalog

C.

Facter

D.

Mcollective

49 $In a Dockerfile, which instruction specifies the base image?$

A.

RUN

B.

COPY

C.

FROM

D.

CMD

50 $What is the difference between git pull and git fetch ?$

A.

git pull downloads changes and merges them; git fetch only downloads changes

B.

git fetch downloads changes and merges them; git pull only downloads

C.

There is no difference

D.

git pull uploads changes; git fetch downloads changes

Unit 5 - Practice Quiz