1 $Which of the following best describes the DevSecOps trend?$

A.

Replacing the operations team with security engineers

B.

Adding security checks only at the end of the development lifecycle

C.

Integrating security practices within the DevOps process from the start

D.

Separating the security team from the development and operations teams completely

2 $In the context of DevOps market trends, what does the concept of'NoOps' imply?$

A.

A strategy where no operational tools are used

B.

The total elimination of software developers

C.

An IT environment so automated that the underlying infrastructure is abstracted from developers

D.

An environment where operations are completely manual

3 $Which skill is NOT typically considered a core technical skill for a DevOps Engineer ?$

A.

Proficiency in Scripting languages (Python/Bash)

B.

Knowledge of CI/CD pipelines

C.

Understanding of Containerization (Docker/Kubernetes)

D.

Deep expertise in graphic design and UI/UX prototyping

4 $What is the primary goal of the DevOps Delivery Pipeline ?$

A.

To enable continuous delivery of value to the end user through automation

B.

To slow down development to ensure 100% bug-free code

C.

To strictly separate development and operations tasks

D.

To increase the number of manual approval gates

5 $In the DevOps ecosystem, which tool is primarily associated with Source Code Management (SCM) ?$

A.

Git

B.

Nagios

C.

Docker

D.

Jenkins

6 $Which command is used in Git to download a repository from a remote source to your local machine for the first time?$

A.

git clone

B.

git commit

C.

git push

D.

git fork

7 $What is the function of git staging area (index)?$

A.

It pushes code to the remote server

B.

It is an intermediate area where commits can be formatted and reviewed before completing the commit

C.

It permanently deletes files

D.

It stores the commit history

8 $Which of the following is an XML file used by Maven to manage project dependencies and build configuration?$

A.

build.xml

B.

maven.yaml

C.

pom.xml

D.

package.json

9 $In Maven, what does the command mvn clean install do?$

A.

Installs the application on a remote server

B.

Cleans the project and installs the Maven software

C.

Cleans the code syntax only

D.

Removes the target directory, compiles, tests, packages, and installs the artifact into the local repository

10 $Which of the following best describes Jenkins ?$

A.

An open-source automation server used for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery

B.

A container orchestration platform

C.

A virtualization hypervisor

D.

A configuration management tool

11 $In Jenkins, what is a 'Pipeline'?$

A.

A physical cable connecting servers

B.

A database for storing user credentials

C.

A suite of plugins which supports implementing and integrating continuous delivery pipelines

D.

The graphical user interface for administration

12 $Which file is typically used to define a Jenkins Pipeline as code?$

A.

Jenkinsfile

B.

Dockerfile

C.

Playbook.yaml

D.

Pipeline.xml

13 $What is the primary function of Selenium in the DevOps toolchain?$

A.

Log monitoring

B.

Container management

C.

Infrastructure provisioning

D.

Automated web browser testing

14 $Which component of Selenium is responsible for executing tests against different browsers?$

A.

Selenium WebDriver

B.

Selenium IDE

C.

Selenium Grid

D.

Selenium Server

15 $What is the core difference between a Virtual Machine (VM) and a Docker Container ?$

A.

Containers require a full OS per instance; VMs share the host OS kernel

B.

Containers share the host OS kernel and are lightweight; VMs include a full Guest OS

C.

Docker cannot run on Linux

D.

VMs are faster to boot than containers

16 $Which file is used to assemble a Docker image ?$

A.

docker-compose.yml

B.

Imagefile

C.

Dockerfile

D.

Container.txt

17 $Which command starts a container from a Docker image?$

A.

docker run

B.

docker pull

C.

docker commit

D.

docker build

18 $What is Kubernetes primarily used for?$

A.

Writing source code

B.

Automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications

C.

Managing physical hardware racks

D.

Scanning code for security vulnerabilities

19 $In Kubernetes, what is the smallest deployable unit of computing that can be created and managed?$

A.

Node

B.

Cluster

C.

Pod

D.

Namespace

20 $What is the role of the Kubelet in Kubernetes?$

A.

It is an agent that runs on each node to ensure containers are running in a Pod

B.

It is the database storing cluster state

C.

It is the command line tool for users

D.

It balances load across the internet

21 $Which tool is known as an'Agentless' configuration management tool?$

A.

Chef

B.

Ansible

C.

Nagios

D.

Puppet

22 $What format does Ansible use for its Playbooks?$

A.

HTML

B.

XML

C.

YAML

D.

JSON

23 $Which term describes the architecture of Puppet ?$

A.

Agentless

B.

Monolithic

C.

Peer-to-Peer

D.

Master-Slave (or Server-Agent)

24 $In Puppet, the files containing the configuration details for a specific node or class of nodes are called:$

A.

Blueprints

B.

Recipes

C.

Manifests

D.

Playbooks

25 $What is Nagios primarily used for?$

A.

Container Orchestration

B.

Continuous Monitoring of Infrastructure

C.

Source Code Management

D.

Continuous Integration

26 $In Nagios, what is NRPE ?$

A.

Nagios Real-time Processing Event

B.

New Relic Process Engine

C.

Network Routing Protocol Engine

D.

Nagios Remote Plugin Executor

27 $Which of the following describes the'Shift Left' strategy in testing?$

A.

Testing is moved to the left side of the screen

B.

Developers write code with their left hand

C.

Testing is performed only after deployment to production

D.

Testing is performed earlier in the software development lifecycle

28 $What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC) ?$

A.

Installing operating systems via CD-ROM

B.

Physically building servers using code

C.

Managing and provisioning infrastructure through machine-readable definition files

D.

Writing code to document hardware inventory manually

29 $Which Git command is used to combine changes from one branch into the current branch?$

A.

git tag

B.

git config

C.

git status

D.

git merge

30 $In the context of Maven, what are 'Transitive Dependencies'?$

A.

Dependencies used only for testing

B.

Dependencies that must be manually downloaded

C.

Dependencies of your direct dependencies that are automatically included

D.

Dependencies that are removed during the build

31 $Which Jenkins feature allows it to distribute loads across multiple computers?$

A.

Plugin Manager

B.

Pipeline syntax

C.

Blue Ocean

D.

Master/Agent (Slave) architecture

32 $What is Docker Hub ?$

A.

A local storage for containers

B.

The kernel of the Docker engine

C.

A networking tool for Docker

D.

A cloud-based registry service for sharing and storing Docker images

33 $In Kubernetes, what is a Service ?$

A.

A background process in Linux

B.

An abstraction which defines a logical set of Pods and a policy by which to access them

C.

A physical server

D.

The billing component of K8s

34 $Which concept in Ansible describes the list of managed nodes (servers)?$

A.

Catalog

B.

Inventory

C.

Library

D.

Manifest

35 $Puppet uses a Declarative language. What does this mean?$

A.

You must write raw shell scripts

B.

You describe the steps to achieve a state

C.

You must manually compile the code

D.

You describe the desired final state, and the tool figures out how to achieve it

36 $Which monitoring state in Nagios indicates a critical problem?$

A.

WARNING

B.

CRITICAL

C.

OK

D.

UNKNOWN

37 $What is the role of'Headless Mode' in Selenium testing?$

A.

Running tests without a visible browser UI

B.

Running tests without a hard drive

C.

Running tests without a monitor attached to the server

D.

Running tests without an internet connection

38 $Which of the following is a key cultural aspect of DevOps?$

A.

Shared responsibility and collaboration

B.

Silos between teams

C.

Blame culture

D.

Manual handoffs

39 $What is a'Commit Hash' in Git?$

A.

The size of the repository

B.

A command to delete a file

C.

A unique SHA-1 checksum that identifies a specific commit

D.

A password to login to GitHub

40 $In Maven, the standard directory layout places source code in:$

A.

app/src

B.

code/source

C.

root/java

D.

src/main/java

41 $Which command allows you to view the logs of a Docker container?$

A.

docker logs [container_id]

B.

docker trace

C.

docker history

D.

docker view

42 $What is the'kubectl' command?$

A.

A Docker image builder

B.

A database tool

C.

The Kubernetes command-line tool for communicating with the cluster API

D.

A specialized Linux kernel

43 $In Ansible, what is a Module ?$

A.

A distinct server in the inventory

B.

The main configuration file

C.

A unit of code that Ansible executes on the target node

D.

A hardware component

44 $What is the primary function of a Version Control System ?$

A.

To track changes to files over time

B.

To deploy code to production

C.

To compiling code

D.

To monitor server health

45 $Which of the following is a benefit of Microservices architecture in DevOps?$

A.

Independent deployment and scaling of services

B.

Easier management of monolithic codebases

C.

Increased coupling between components

D.

Single point of failure

46 $What does CI stand for in CI/CD?$

A.

Continuous Integration

B.

Continuous Improvement

C.

Cloud Infrastructure

D.

Code Inspection

47 $If a Jenkins build fails, what is the most appropriate immediate action for a DevOps engineer?$

A.

Deploy the failed build to production

B.

Investigate the console output/logs to identify the error

C.

Restart the Jenkins server immediately

D.

Ignore it and wait for the next build

48 $Which Puppet component is responsible for collecting details about a node (OS, IP address, uptime)?$

A.

Hiera

B.

Facter

C.

Mcollective

D.

Catalog

49 $In a Dockerfile, which instruction specifies the base image?$

A.

FROM

B.

COPY

C.

RUN

D.

CMD

50 $What is the difference between git pull and git fetch ?$

A.

git fetch downloads changes and merges them; git pull only downloads

B.

There is no difference

C.

git pull uploads changes; git fetch downloads changes

D.

git pull downloads changes and merges them; git fetch only downloads changes

Unit 5 - Practice Quiz