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Unit 1 - Practice Quiz

INT323

1 Which of the following best defines 'data' in the context of digital information?

A. Processed information ready for decision making
B. Raw, unorganized facts and figures
C. Visual charts and graphs
D. Software applications used for analysis

2 Which type of data resides in fixed fields within a record or file, such as Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)?

A. Unstructured Data
B. Semi-structured Data
C. Structured Data
D. Abstract Data

3 Emails, videos, and social media posts are primarily examples of which type of data?

A. Structured Data
B. Semi-structured Data
C. Unstructured Data
D. Normalized Data

4 XML and JSON files are classic examples of which data category?

A. Structured Data
B. Semi-structured Data
C. Unstructured Data
D. Raw Data

5 What is a major limitation of traditional databases (RDBMS) when dealing with modern big data?

A. They cannot handle structured data
B. They lack security features
C. Difficulty in scaling horizontally and handling unstructured data
D. They cannot perform mathematical calculations

6 OLTP stands for:

A. Online Text Processing
B. Online Transaction Processing
C. Offline Transaction Protocol
D. Online Analytical Processing

7 What is the primary goal of an OLTP system?

A. Complex data analysis
B. Fast query processing and data integrity for transactions
C. Historical data archiving
D. Generating executive dashboards

8 Which system is primarily used for decision support, planning, and problem-solving?

A. OLTP
B. OLAP
C. RDBMS
D. ATM Systems

9 In the context of data volatility, how do OLTP and OLAP differ?

A. OLTP data is volatile; OLAP data is non-volatile
B. OLTP data is static; OLAP data is volatile
C. Both are highly volatile
D. Both are non-volatile

10 Business Intelligence (BI) can best be described as:

A. A specific software tool for writing SQL queries
B. Strategies and technologies used for data analysis and management
C. The process of backing up database files
D. A method for securing network connections

11 Which of the following is an early predecessor to modern BI, designed for middle managers?

A. EIS (Executive Information Systems)
B. MIS (Management Information Systems)
C. AI (Artificial Intelligence)
D. IoT (Internet of Things)

12 What is the primary function of an Executive Information System (EIS)?

A. To process daily operational transactions
B. To provide senior executives with easy access to internal and external data
C. To compile code for software developers
D. To manage customer support tickets

13 What is a Digital Dashboard?

A. A hardware component in a server
B. A data visualization tool that displays the current status of metrics and KPIs
C. A type of unstructured data
D. A database backup utility

14 Why is BI needed at the Operational Level of an organization?

A. To plan 5-year strategies
B. To optimize daily workflows and immediate decision making
C. To design the company logo
D. To analyze ten years of historical data

15 Descriptive Analytics in BI answers which question?

A. What happened?
B. Why did it happen?
C. What will happen?
D. How can we make it happen?

16 Predictive Analytics is associated with which time frame?

A. Past
B. Present
C. Future
D. None of the above

17 Which data type accounts for the largest percentage of data growth in the modern world?

A. Structured Data
B. Unstructured Data
C. Numeric Data
D. Boolean Data

18 In an OLAP system, 'Drill-down' capability allows a user to:

A. Delete data permanently
B. View data at a more detailed level
C. Summarize data to a higher level
D. Export data to a text file

19 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Structured Data?

A. High degree of organization
B. Easy to query using SQL
C. Flexible, schema-less format
D. Stored in tables

20 Which BI component is responsible for extracting, transforming, and loading data?

A. Dashboard
B. ETL
C. OLAP Cube
D. Data Mining

21 Diagnostic Analytics focuses on:

A. Forecasting future trends
B. Understanding why something happened
C. Real-time monitoring
D. Raw data collection

22 Prescriptive Analytics attempts to:

A. Describe the past
B. Diagnose the present
C. Suggest a course of action
D. Visualize static data

23 What is a 'Data Silo'?

A. A secure type of database
B. An isolated collection of data not accessible to other parts of the organization
C. A visualization tool
D. A cloud storage solution

24 Which represents the hierarchy of data understanding from bottom to top?

A. Wisdom -> Knowledge -> Information -> Data
B. Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Wisdom
C. Information -> Data -> Wisdom -> Knowledge
D. Knowledge -> Wisdom -> Data -> Information

25 Tactical BI is primarily used by:

A. CEOs only
B. Business Analysts and Line Managers
C. Clerks
D. External Customers

26 Metadata is best described as:

A. Large volumes of data
B. Data about data
C. Corrupted data
D. Deleted data

27 The evolution of BI moved from Mainframe reporting to:

A. Client-Server based BI
B. Paper-only records
C. Abacus calculation
D. None of the above

28 Which of the following is a key feature of a Digital Dashboard?

A. Requires SQL coding to view
B. Visual presentation of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
C. Text-only output
D. Slow data refresh rates

29 In the context of RDBMS limitations, what is the 'Variety' problem?

A. Databases represent too many colors
B. Traditional databases struggle to manage diverse data formats (video, text, sensor data)
C. There are too many brands of databases
D. SQL has too many commands

30 OLTP systems are generally characterized by:

A. Read-mostly operations
B. Complex queries involving aggregations
C. Short, atomic transactions
D. Low concurrency

31 The term 'Latency' in BI refers to:

A. The size of the hard drive
B. The time lag between data generation and actionable insight
C. The cost of the software
D. The number of users logged in

32 Which of the following creates a bridge between the 'Past' and 'Future' in BI analysis?

A. Data Deletion
B. Trend Analysis
C. Data Entry
D. System Reboot

33 Spreadsheets (like Excel) generally handle which type of data best?

A. Structured Data
B. Unstructured Video
C. Large-scale Big Data
D. Real-time streaming audio

34 What is the main role of a Data Warehouse in BI?

A. To process live transactions
B. To store centralized, historical data for analysis
C. To host the company website
D. To act as an email server

35 Semi-structured data often contains:

A. Fixed length fields
B. Tags or markers to separate elements
C. Only binary code
D. Purely random noise

36 Which level of management is most concerned with Strategic BI?

A. Operational Staff
B. Middle Management
C. Top-level Executives
D. IT Support

37 What limits a standard database's ability to handle 'Velocity'?

A. The speed of light
B. I/O bottlenecks when writing massive amounts of high-speed data
C. The number of columns allowed
D. The color of the server

38 Querying a NoSQL database is often required for:

A. Highly relational financial ledgers
B. Unstructured or Semi-structured Big Data
C. Small address books
D. Fixed asset registers

39 Which is an example of 'Present' BI?

A. Real-time stock market monitoring
B. Year-end financial report
C. Sales forecast for next year
D. Audit of last month's logs

40 What distinguishes Information from Data?

A. Information is digital; Data is analog
B. Information is processed data with context and meaning
C. Data is always larger than Information
D. There is no difference

41 Decision Support Systems (DSS) primarily rely on:

A. Manual paper filing
B. Models and data to solve semi-structured problems
C. Strict transaction processing
D. Guesswork

42 The 'Roll-up' operation in OLAP performs what function?

A. Increases detail
B. Aggregates data (e.g., Daily to Monthly)
C. Deletes the cube
D. Rotates the axis

43 Why is 'Data Quality' a limitation in real-world databases?

A. Computers never make mistakes
B. Inconsistent, duplicate, or missing data reduces trust in the database
C. Databases automatically fix all errors
D. Quality is not important

44 A CSV (Comma Separated Values) file is best described as:

A. Unstructured
B. Structured (but usually stored as a flat file)
C. Proprietary code
D. Executable software

45 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of BI?

A. Faster decision making
B. Identified market trends
C. Guaranteed 100% profit increase
D. Improved operational efficiency

46 Data Mining is most closely associated with:

A. Entering data manually
B. Discovering hidden patterns and relationships in large datasets
C. Backing up data to tape
D. Designing web pages

47 Which type of user typically uses OLTP systems?

A. CEO / Executives
B. Data Analysts
C. Clerks / Database Administrators
D. Strategic Planners

48 In the evolution of BI, what role did the 'Mainframe' play?

A. It provided the first centralized computing for generating static reports
B. It introduced mobile dashboards
C. It created the internet
D. It utilized cloud computing

49 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are essential components of:

A. OLTP transactions
B. Digital Dashboards
C. Unstructured text
D. Network cables

50 Why is 'Context' important in BI?

A. It is not important
B. It turns raw numbers into meaningful information
C. It increases the file size
D. It encrypts the data