Unit 1: Computer Forensics and Investigation Process - Practice Quiz

INT250 — Digital Evidence Analysis 60 Questions
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1 What is computer forensics primarily concerned with?

Fundamentals of Computer Forensics Easy
A. Creating graphical user interfaces
B. Examining data related to incidents
C. Designing faster communication networks
D. Developing new computer hardware

2 Which principle helps ensure that original digital evidence is not altered during examination?

Fundamentals of Computer Forensics Easy
A. Disable all access permissions
B. Analyze a verified forensic copy
C. Edit the original storage device
D. Convert every file format

3 Which activity is an example of cybercrime?

Cybercrimes and Their Investigation Procedures Easy
A. Installing an authorized update
B. Stealing passwords through phishing
C. Creating a local backup
D. Changing a desktop background

4 What should investigators generally obtain before searching a suspect's computer when required by law?

Cybercrimes and Their Investigation Procedures Easy
A. A search warrant
B. A repair invoice
C. A software license
D. A network diagram

5 Which item is an example of digital evidence?

Digital Evidence Easy
A. A stored email message
B. A handwritten signature
C. A metal door key
D. A printed paper label

6 What does a chain of custody document?

Digital Evidence Easy
A. The ownership history of software
B. The purchase history of equipment
C. The browsing history of users
D. The transfer history of evidence

7 What is the main goal of forensic readiness?

Forensic Readiness Easy
A. To prevent authorized system access
B. To eliminate every system log
C. To replace all security controls
D. To prepare for efficient evidence collection

8 Which organizational practice best supports forensic readiness?

Forensic Readiness Easy
A. Sharing passwords among employees
B. Disabling timestamps on servers
C. Deleting logs every hour
D. Maintaining accurate system logs

9 What is incident response?

Incident Response Easy
A. A process for handling security incidents
B. A plan for purchasing office equipment
C. A method for designing computer cases
D. A technique for increasing screen resolution

10 Which action is commonly performed to contain a compromised computer?

Incident Response Easy
A. Isolate it from the network
B. Increase its display brightness
C. Rename all user accounts
D. Replace its keyboard layout

11 What is a primary function of a Security Operations Center?

Role of SOC (Security Operations Center) in Computer Forensics Easy
A. Monitoring systems for security threats
B. Designing advertisements for products
C. Managing employee salary payments
D. Manufacturing components for computers

12 How can a SOC support a computer forensic investigation?

Role of SOC (Security Operations Center) in Computer Forensics Easy
A. By approving employee vacation requests
B. By repairing damaged office furniture
C. By providing security alerts and logs
D. By deleting suspicious network records

13 Which task is a responsibility of a forensic investigator?

Roles and Responsibilities of a Forensic Investigator Easy
A. Preserving digital evidence correctly
B. Setting product sales targets
C. Managing building construction work
D. Advertising the organization's services

14 Why must a forensic investigator remain objective?

Roles and Responsibilities of a Forensic Investigator Easy
A. To increase network bandwidth
B. To avoid bias in findings
C. To reduce the size of files
D. To simplify software installation

15 Why is a structured forensic investigation process important?

Forensic Investigation Process and Its Importance Easy
A. It removes the need for documentation
B. It allows evidence to be modified
C. It ensures evidence is handled consistently
D. It guarantees every device is new

16 Which activity normally occurs during a forensic investigation process?

Forensic Investigation Process and Its Importance Easy
A. Creating unrelated social media accounts
B. Replacing all organizational policies
C. Collecting and examining relevant evidence
D. Purchasing furniture for the laboratory

17 Which activity belongs to the pre-investigation phase?

Pre-investigation Phase Easy
A. Returning every seized device
B. Defining the investigation's scope
C. Publishing the final investigation report
D. Presenting evidence during a trial

18 Why are legal requirements reviewed before collecting digital evidence?

Pre-investigation Phase Easy
A. To change the evidence file format
B. To reduce the number of investigators
C. To ensure the collection is authorized
D. To increase the device's processing speed

19 What should a first responder do upon arriving at a digital incident scene?

First Response Easy
A. Delete files suspected of being malicious
B. Allow users to handle the devices
C. Post incident details on social media
D. Secure the scene from unauthorized access

20 What is the purpose of analyzing collected digital evidence during the investigation phase?

Investigation Phase Easy
A. To identify facts related to the incident
B. To improve the appearance of devices
C. To remove all user-created documents
D. To replace the organization's network

21 An investigator must acquire data from a suspect's hard drive without modifying the original media. Which approach is most appropriate?

Fundamentals of Computer Forensics Medium
A. Copy selected user folders through the installed operating system.
B. Use a hardware write blocker and create a bit-stream image.
C. Boot the suspect computer normally and run a disk repair utility before copying the files.
D. Move the files to an encrypted external drive.

22 Two forensic images independently acquired from the same drive have matching SHA-256 hashes and complete acquisition logs. What is the best inference?

Fundamentals of Computer Forensics Medium
A. The matching hashes prove who originally created all files stored on the drive.
B. Every recovered file is automatically admissible in court.
C. The acquired image contents are consistent with each other.
D. The drive was never modified before it was seized.

23 Employees report a phishing email that may have led to account compromise. Which initial investigative action best preserves useful evidence?

Cybercrimes and Their Investigation Procedures Medium
A. Preserve the original email, headers, and mail gateway logs.
B. Reply to the sender to confirm the attacker's identity.
C. Forward a screenshot of the email to every employee.
D. Delete all copies of the message and immediately reset every organizational account before collecting any logs.

24 During an unauthorized-access investigation, web server logs and firewall logs appear to show events in the wrong order because the systems used different clock settings. What should the investigator do?

Cybercrimes and Their Investigation Procedures Medium
A. Use only the log containing the most events.
B. Reconfigure both systems immediately and treat the new timestamps as if they applied to older records.
C. Normalize timestamps using documented clock offsets.
D. Sort all records alphabetically by event description.

25 Investigators encounter a powered-on laptop that may use full-disk encryption. If collection is authorized, which evidence should generally be prioritized before shutdown?

Digital Evidence Medium
A. Archived backups stored offline at another location.
B. Printed copies of documents found beside the laptop.
C. Volatile memory and active connection information.
D. A complete file-system defragmentation to place related evidence into contiguous disk sectors.

26 A working copy of an evidence image produces a hash that differs from the verified master image. What is the most appropriate response?

Digital Evidence Medium
A. Edit the recorded master hash so that it matches the working copy used by the examination team.
B. Discard the copy and create a new verified copy.
C. Compress the working copy and calculate only its file size.
D. Continue because the visible files still open correctly.

27 An organization repeatedly lacks sufficient logs to investigate compromised accounts. Which improvement would most directly increase forensic readiness?

Forensic Readiness Medium
A. Allow each employee to decide which security records should be kept.
B. Disable audit logging on high-traffic systems.
C. Centralize time-synchronized logs with suitable retention.
D. Retain only monthly summaries because detailed event records consume additional storage and require management.

28 A company wants to reduce the time spent locating evidence after incidents. Which preparedness activity best supports that objective?

Forensic Readiness Medium
A. Purchase forensic tools without defining collection procedures.
B. Collect every available record forever, regardless of business value, legal restrictions, or storage cost.
C. Map evidence sources and assign responsible custodians.
D. Wait until an incident occurs before identifying system owners.

29 Ransomware is actively spreading from an employee workstation. Which response best balances containment and evidence preservation?

Incident Response Medium
A. Delete suspicious processes and temporary files remotely.
B. Leave the workstation connected until every file has been manually reviewed by the investigation team.
C. Isolate the workstation from the network and document its state.
D. Immediately reinstall the operating system without recording any information.

30 A compromised server has been contained, but responders have not yet collected forensic data. What should occur before the server is rebuilt?

Incident Response Medium
A. Return the server to production and monitor it later.
B. Announce attribution before examining the compromised system.
C. Delete affected accounts, clear all logs, and replace the storage devices before recording the incident.
D. Acquire relevant evidence according to the response plan.

31 A SOC detects related alerts from an endpoint, firewall, and identity system. What action best supports a later forensic investigation?

Role of SOC (Security Operations Center) in Computer Forensics Medium
A. Merge all alerts and delete their original records.
B. Close the alerts after blocking the current source address.
C. Preserve related logs and initiate a documented handoff.
D. Send selected screenshots to investigators while allowing the original alert records to expire under normal retention rules.

32 The SOC must export logs from its SIEM for a forensic investigator. Which procedure provides the strongest integrity assurance?

Role of SOC (Security Operations Center) in Computer Forensics Medium
A. Export the logs, hash them, and document the transfer.
B. Copy alert text into an editable shared document.
C. Provide the investigator with unrestricted administrative access so records can be searched and changed directly in the production SIEM.
D. Print selected alerts and discard the digital exports.

33 An investigator discovers evidence that contradicts the incident manager's theory and may support the suspect. What should the investigator do?

Roles and Responsibilities of a Forensic Investigator Medium
A. Ask the suspect to decide whether it is relevant.
B. Document and report the evidence impartially.
C. Omit the evidence because it weakens the original theory.
D. Modify the final report so that it presents only evidence supporting the incident manager's preferred conclusion.

34 An evidence drive is transferred from one investigator to another. Which record is most important for maintaining the chain of custody?

Roles and Responsibilities of a Forensic Investigator Medium
A. A verbal statement that both investigators handled it carefully.
B. A list of unrelated cases stored in the same room.
C. A detailed personal biography of each investigator who works for the forensic laboratory.
D. A signed transfer entry with date, time, and purpose.

35 An analyst reports results from a forensic tool without validating the tool or independently checking important findings. What is the primary risk?

Forensic Investigation Process and Its Importance Medium
A. The chain of custody will transfer to the software vendor.
B. The findings may be unreliable and difficult to reproduce.
C. The investigation will always require less time because automated results eliminate the need for verification.
D. The original storage device will automatically become encrypted.

36 A search authorization permits examination of one specified email account, but an investigator discovers a potentially relevant second account. What should happen next?

Pre-investigation Phase Medium
A. Ask an unrelated employee for informal permission.
B. Download every account controlled by the provider and decide which material is relevant after completing the entire investigation.
C. Examine the second account because it uses the same provider.
D. Pause and obtain authority for the additional account.

37 A planned investigation may require records held by a cloud provider in another jurisdiction. Which pre-investigation action is most appropriate?

Pre-investigation Phase Medium
A. Assume local procedures automatically apply in every jurisdiction.
B. Confirm legal authority, contacts, and preservation procedures.
C. Wait until the provider's normal retention period has expired before requesting the records through an informal channel.
D. Attempt to access the provider's internal systems directly.

38 A first responder finds a running computer displaying suspicious command activity. What is the best initial approach?

First Response Medium
A. Run several cleanup tools, delete suspicious scripts, and restart the computer before notifying the forensic team.
B. Browse through files to determine whether the user is guilty.
C. Secure the scene, document the display, and prevent remote access.
D. Allow nearby employees to continue using the computer.

39 A keyword search finds a document containing a suspect's name in unallocated disk space. What should the investigator do before concluding that the suspect created it?

Investigation Phase Medium
A. Treat the keyword match alone as proof of authorship.
B. Corroborate the finding with metadata, context, and other evidence.
C. Restore the document onto the original evidence drive and open it using the suspect's installed applications.
D. Ignore the document because it was found in unallocated space.

40 File timestamps conflict with authentication logs during timeline analysis. Which action best resolves the discrepancy?

Investigation Phase Medium
A. Remove all conflicting events from the timeline.
B. Edit the original timestamps so that every record matches the investigator's preferred sequence of events.
C. Assume file timestamps are always more accurate than logs.
D. Check clock offsets and corroborate with independent sources.

41 An authorized investigator encounters a running Linux server suspected of hosting a kernel-level rootkit. An encrypted volume is mounted, and shutting down the server will destroy its decryption keys. Which acquisition strategy best balances evidentiary preservation and forensic risk?

Fundamentals of Computer Forensics Hard
A. Create a filesystem backup over the network, restart the server, and compare the backup with the restarted system
B. Capture volatile data with trusted external tools, document possible rootkit interference, and then acquire the persistent storage
C. Shut down the server immediately, remove its disks, and perform only a conventional dead-box acquisition
D. Run the server's installed administrative utilities, copy suspicious files, and treat their output as independently reliable

42 Two validated forensic tools analyze the same verified image but disagree about whether an unallocated byte sequence represents a deleted file. What is the most defensible response?

Fundamentals of Computer Forensics Hard
A. Report the file only if a third tool agrees with one of the outputs
B. Exclude all deleted data because conflicting interpretations make it inadmissible
C. Accept the output from the tool with the most recent software release
D. Reproduce both results, examine parsing assumptions, and document the disagreement

43 A company discovers that a cloud account was used to distribute malware. Relevant provider logs are retained for only seven days, while the provider stores them in another jurisdiction. What should investigators prioritize?

Cybercrimes and Their Investigation Procedures Hard
A. Issue a preservation request and initiate the applicable cross-border legal process
B. Download public malware samples and infer the cloud account's activity from them
C. Ask an employee to access the provider using the suspect's recovered credentials
D. Wait for attribution to be established before requesting any provider-held records

44 During a business email compromise investigation, a message in the victim's mailbox appears to have been sent by the chief financial officer. Which evidence set provides the strongest basis for distinguishing account takeover from simple address spoofing?

Cybercrimes and Their Investigation Procedures Hard
A. The visible From field, message wording, and the recipient's contact history
B. A screenshot of the message, DNS records, and the sender's display name
C. The message body, antivirus verdict, and the recipient's browser history
D. Full headers, mailbox audit events, identity-provider logs, and session telemetry

45 A source drive and its forensic image have different whole-device hashes. The acquisition log records three unreadable sectors that the imaging tool replaced with zeros after repeated retries. Which conclusion is most accurate?

Digital Evidence Hard
A. The image is unusable because any hash mismatch proves investigator misconduct
B. The mismatch can be ignored if the image's internal hash remains unchanged
C. The image is not a verified exact copy, but may remain useful if errors are documented
D. The image is automatically authentic because unreadable sectors are normal

46 A copied document has a creation timestamp later than the incident, but its contents describe events during the incident. Which approach best assesses whether the document existed at the relevant time?

Digital Evidence Hard
A. Use the modification timestamp because it always survives copying unchanged
B. Correlate filesystem metadata with backups, messages, logs, and embedded signatures
C. Reset the timestamp from the user's recollection and analyze the corrected copy
D. Treat the copied file's creation timestamp as conclusive evidence of fabrication

47 An organization proposes retaining all employee network payloads indefinitely to maximize forensic readiness. Which redesign best preserves investigative capability while addressing proportionality and privacy?

Forensic Readiness Hard
A. Retain all payloads permanently but allow unrestricted SOC analyst access
B. Encrypt all payloads while keeping retention periods and access rules undefined
C. Disable packet collection and rely exclusively on endpoint antivirus alerts
D. Collect targeted telemetry with defined retention, access controls, and legal review

48 A SaaS provider retains detailed audit logs for seven days, but the organization's mean incident detection time is twelve days. Which readiness measure most directly closes the evidence gap?

Forensic Readiness Hard
A. Increase endpoint disk capacity so local operating-system logs remain available
B. Capture monthly screenshots of the SaaS administration and billing dashboards
C. Export provider audit events continuously into a controlled long-term repository
D. Require investigators to begin every SaaS case within the seven-day window

49 An actively compromised domain controller is sending data to an attacker. Disconnecting it may terminate volatile sessions, but leaving it connected permits further loss. Which action best reconciles response and forensic priorities?

Incident Response Hard
A. Leave the controller online and monitor it until the attacker voluntarily disconnects
B. Use proportionate network containment while capturing feasible volatile evidence
C. Delay containment until every volatile artifact has been collected and verified
D. Reboot the controller to stop exfiltration and then capture its physical memory

50 A ransomware-affected workstation remains powered on. Encryption activity has stopped, but an active command-and-control connection remains. Full-disk encryption is enabled. What is the best immediate response?

Incident Response Hard
A. Logically isolate the workstation, preserve memory and state, and then acquire storage
B. Power off the workstation, remove its disk, and disregard volatile encryption material
C. Delete the ransomware executable before collecting memory or filesystem evidence
D. Allow continued connectivity so the command channel can reveal the attacker's identity

51 A SOC query identifies the same malicious file hash on 50 endpoints, but enrichment fields in the SIEM are updated dynamically. What should the SOC preserve for forensic use?

Role of SOC (Security Operations Center) in Computer Forensics Hard
A. The alert count and analyst conclusion without the underlying endpoint event records
B. Only a screenshot of the dashboard because it records the analyst's original view
C. The raw events, query parameters, time range, enrichment state, and export integrity
D. Only the current enriched results because later intelligence is necessarily more accurate

52 A SOC analyst exports a packet capture, calculates its hash, and places it in a restricted case repository for transfer to the forensic team. Which additional action is essential for a defensible handoff?

Role of SOC (Security Operations Center) in Computer Forensics Hard
A. Record collection details, custodial transfer, identifiers, and hash verification
B. Email an unrestricted copy to each investigator to prevent a single point of failure
C. Rename the capture using the suspected attacker's identity before transferring it
D. Convert the capture to text so investigators can review it without specialized tools

53 An investigator retained by management finds evidence that weakens management's preferred theory and supports the employee under investigation. What is the investigator's primary professional obligation?

Roles and Responsibilities of a Forensic Investigator Hard
A. Exclude the evidence because the retaining party defines the investigation's conclusion
B. Report the relevant evidence objectively, including limitations and alternative explanations
C. Transfer the evidence directly to the employee without consulting authorized stakeholders
D. Continue searching until enough inculpatory evidence outweighs the conflicting material

54 Legal counsel asks an investigator to state that a specific foreign group conducted an intrusion. The evidence establishes use of infrastructure previously associated with that group, but the infrastructure is commercially rentable. How should the investigator respond?

Roles and Responsibilities of a Forensic Investigator Hard
A. Decline to report any attribution-related observation because attribution is never forensic
B. Present the association and alternative explanations without claiming unsupported certainty
C. State definitive attribution because prior infrastructure association is sufficient proof
D. Attribute the attack to the account holder registered for the rented infrastructure

55 Evidence shows that an administrator account deleted files shortly after unauthorized access. Which analytical method best avoids prematurely concluding that the administrator performed the deletion?

Forensic Investigation Process and Its Importance Hard
A. Ignore the account evidence until a witness admits performing the deletion manually
B. Treat account identity as human identity because authentication logs are authoritative
C. Assume malicious intent because deletion after unauthorized access establishes causation
D. Test competing hypotheses involving compromise, automation, delegation, and direct action

56 While examining allocated project files under narrowly defined authority for intellectual-property theft, an investigator encounters signs of an unrelated offense outside the authorized scope. What is the most defensible next step?

Forensic Investigation Process and Its Importance Hard
A. Publish the discovery internally before preserving it or consulting the case authority
B. Expand the examination immediately because any discovered evidence becomes in scope
C. Delete the unrelated material to ensure that the original investigation remains focused
D. Stop substantive examination, preserve the state, and seek appropriate authorization

57 A multinational company requests examination of an employee-owned device used for work in several countries. Before collection, what is the most important pre-investigation action?

Pre-investigation Phase Hard
A. Ask the employee's manager to provide verbal consent on behalf of the device owner
B. Image the entire device immediately because corporate data removes personal privacy interests
C. Confirm authority, jurisdiction, scope, privacy constraints, and relevant stakeholder approvals
D. Collect only browser history because it is generally exempt from jurisdictional restrictions

58 A collection plan covers eight devices, each with a capacity of . The plan requires one forensic master and one full working copy per device, with no compression or deduplication. If storage must include 25% overhead, how much usable capacity is required?

Pre-investigation Phase Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

59 A first responder finds an unlocked, powered laptop with full-disk encryption, active cloud sessions, and a risk of remote destruction. The responder is authorized and trained to collect volatile evidence. What should be done first?

First Response Hard
A. Browse each cloud session and manually download every file visible to the user
B. Restart into forensic media so the internal operating system cannot alter evidence
C. Photograph and document the state, isolate communications, and capture volatile data
D. Close all applications and use the operating system's normal shutdown procedure

60 A firewall records an event at 10:00:00 UTC. An endpoint records the related event at 10:03:00, and testing shows that the endpoint clock was consistently 180 seconds fast with an uncertainty of seconds. How should the endpoint event be represented in the normalized timeline?

Investigation Phase Hard
A. 09:57:00 UTC because the observed clock offset must be added twice
B. 10:03:00 UTC because forensic timelines must retain uncorrected timestamps
C. 10:06:00 UTC with an uncertainty of approximately seconds
D. 10:00:00 UTC with an uncertainty of approximately seconds