1 $Who coined the term 'Ecosystem' in 1935?$

A.

A.G. Tansley

B.

R.L. Lindeman

C.

E.P. Odum

D.

Ernst Haeckel

2 $According to Lindeman's 10% Law, how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?$

A.

100%

B.

50%

C.

1%

D.

10%

3 $Which of the following describes the zone of transition between two distinct ecosystems?$

A.

Ecotype

B.

Biome

C.

Ecotone

D.

Ecological Niche

4 $What is the functional role of a species within its ecosystem called?$

A.

Trophic Level

B.

Habitat

C.

Ecological Niche

D.

Home Range

5 $Which type of ecological pyramid is always upright?$

A.

Pyramid of Energy

B.

Inverted Pyramid

C.

Pyramid of Numbers

D.

Pyramid of Biomass

6 $The process of succession on a bare rock surface is known as:$

A.

Psammosere

B.

Xerosere

C.

Halosere

D.

Hydrosere

7 $Which gas is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?$

A.

Methane

B.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

C.

Nitrous Oxide

D.

Carbon Dioxide

8 $What is the phenomenon called when the concentration of toxins increases at higher trophic levels?$

A.

Eutrophication

B.

Bioaccumulation

C.

Biomagnification

D.

Biodegradation

9 $Acid rain is primarily caused by emissions of which two gases?$

A.

SO2 and NOx

B.

CO and CO2

C.

CO2 and CH4

D.

O3 and CFCs

10 $The excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus is called:$

A.

Sedimentation

B.

Eutrophication

C.

Desertification

D.

Salinization

11 $Which of the following is an example of In-situ conservation?$

A.

Zoo

B.

National Park

C.

Seed Bank

D.

Botanical Garden

12 $The 'Red Data Book' which lists endangered species is published by:$

A.

UNEP

B.

UNESCO

C.

IUCN

D.

WWF

13 $Who introduced the concept of 'Biodiversity Hotspots'?$

A.

Charles Darwin

B.

Rachel Carson

C.

Edward O. Wilson

D.

Norman Myers

14 $Which movement in India is famously associated with hugging trees to prevent deforestation?$

A.

Appiko Movement

B.

Chipko Movement

C.

Narmada Bachao Andolan

D.

Silent Valley Movement

15 $The Brundtland Commission Report (1987) is famously titled:$

A.

Our Common Future

B.

The Limits to Growth

C.

Agenda 21

D.

Silent Spring

16 $How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN in 2015?$

A.

15

B.

21

C.

17

D.

10

17 $The Montreal Protocol is related to:$

A.

Ozone Layer Depletion

B.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction

C.

Hazardous Waste Disposal

D.

Biodiversity Conservation

18 $The Kyoto Protocol primarily focuses on:$

A.

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

B.

Conserving Biodiversity

C.

Controlling Transboundary Waste

D.

Protecting Wetlands

19 $Which Indian Act was enacted in the wake of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?$

A.

Air Act, 1981

B.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

C.

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

D.

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

20 $What does EIA stand for in environmental management?$

A.

Environmental Impact Assessment

B.

Energy Independent Assessment

C.

Environmental International Agreement

D.

Ecological Impact Analysis

21 $The 'Agenda 21' was a result of which summit?$

A.

Johannesburg Summit (2002)

B.

Stockholm Conference (1972)

C.

Paris Summit (2015)

D.

Rio Earth Summit (1992)

22 $Which of the following is an abiotic component of the ecosystem?$

A.

Fungi

B.

Plants

C.

Bacteria

D.

Humus

23 $A species restricted to a specific geographic area is called:$

A.

Invasive Species

B.

Keystone Species

C.

Endemic Species

D.

Exotic Species

24 $Which layer of the atmosphere contains the 'Good Ozone' that protects us from UV rays?$

A.

Stratosphere

B.

Troposphere

C.

Mesosphere

D.

Thermosphere

25 $The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on which scale?$

A.

Richter Scale

B.

Saffir-Simpson Scale

C.

Fujita Scale

D.

Mercalli Scale

26 $Which of the following is considered a 'secondary pollutant'?$

A.

Lead

B.

Ground-level Ozone

C.

Sulfur Dioxide

D.

Carbon Monoxide

27 $What is the primary cause of soil salinization in arid regions?$

A.

Deforestation

B.

Excessive irrigation without drainage

C.

Acid rain

D.

Overgrazing

28 $The Ramsar Convention relates to the conservation of:$

A.

Deserts

B.

Corals

C.

Forests

D.

Wetlands

29 $Which of the following is a geological hazard?$

A.

Cyclone

B.

Heatwave

C.

Landslide

D.

Drought

30 $What is the main objective of the Paris Agreement (2015)?$

A.

Ban all nuclear weapons

B.

Stop all plastic production

C.

Eliminate all fossil fuels by 2020

D.

Limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C

31 $Minamata disease was caused by pollution from:$

A.

Arsenic

B.

Mercury

C.

Cadmium

D.

Lead

32 $Which method involves planting crops in rows along the contours of the land to prevent soil erosion?$

A.

Terracing

B.

Crop Rotation

C.

Shifting Cultivation

D.

Contour Ploughing

33 $The concept of 'Ecological Footprint' measures:$

A.

The carbon content of soil

B.

Human demand on nature

C.

The physical size of an ecosystem

D.

The migration path of animals

34 $Which gas was responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984?$

A.

Carbon Monoxide

B.

Methyl Isocyanate

C.

Potassium Cyanide

D.

Phosgene

35 $Beta diversity refers to:$

A.

Diversity within a single community

B.

Genetic diversity

C.

Total diversity of a region

D.

Diversity between communities

36 $Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?$

A.

Natural Gas

B.

Geothermal

C.

Wind

D.

Solar

37 $The process of restoring a forest that once existed but was removed is called:$

A.

Reforestation

B.

Afforestation

C.

Agroforestry

D.

Deforestation

38 $Which Act in India governs the protection of forests and wildlife?$

A.

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

B.

The Mines Act

C.

The Water Act

D.

The Factories Act

39 $The 'Greenhouse Effect' is essential for life because:$

A.

It maintains the Earth's average temperature

B.

It produces oxygen

C.

It blocks UV rays

D.

It prevents rain

40 $Disaster Management involves which cycle of activities?$

A.

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion

B.

Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery

C.

Planning, Funding, Building, Selling

D.

Ignore, React, Forget, Repeat

41 $A 'Keystone Species' is:$

A.

A species at the bottom of the food chain

B.

An extinct species

C.

A species with a disproportionately large effect on its environment

D.

The most abundant species

42 $Which soil horizon is known as Topsoil?$

A.

O Horizon

B.

A Horizon

C.

B Horizon

D.

C Horizon

43 $Anthropogenic hazards are caused by:$

A.

Human activities

B.

Atmospheric conditions

C.

Solar flares

D.

Geological forces

44 $The 'Silent Valley' is located in which Indian state?$

A.

Kerala

B.

Karnataka

C.

Uttarakhand

D.

Himachal Pradesh

45 $Which international body was established to assess the science related to climate change?$

A.

WTO

B.

NATO

C.

IPCC

D.

WHO

46 $What is the primary cause of Tsunami?$

A.

Tides

B.

Atmospheric pressure

C.

Cyclones

D.

Undersea earthquakes

47 $Fly ash is a major environmental pollutant produced by:$

A.

Wind farms

B.

Thermal power plants

C.

Nuclear power plants

D.

Hydroelectric plants

48 $Which of the following is an example of Non-Point Source pollution?$

A.

Oil spill from a tanker

B.

Agricultural runoff

C.

Smoke stack

D.

Discharge pipe from a factory

49 $The concept of 'Carrying Capacity' refers to:$

A.

Maximum weight a vehicle can carry

B.

Maximum water a river can hold

C.

Maximum population size an environment can sustain

D.

Maximum trash a landfill can take

50 $Which article of the Indian Constitution imposes a fundamental duty on citizens to protect the environment?$

A.

Article 21

B.

Article 14

C.

Article 48A

D.

Article 51A(g)

Unit 6 - Practice Quiz