1 $Who coined the term 'Ecosystem' in 1935?$

A.

A.G. Tansley

B.

Ernst Haeckel

C.

E.P. Odum

D.

R.L. Lindeman

2 $According to Lindeman's 10% Law, how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?$

A.

100%

B.

50%

C.

10%

D.

1%

3 $Which of the following describes the zone of transition between two distinct ecosystems?$

A.

Ecotype

B.

Ecotone

C.

Ecological Niche

D.

Biome

4 $What is the functional role of a species within its ecosystem called?$

A.

Habitat

B.

Ecological Niche

C.

Trophic Level

D.

Home Range

5 $Which type of ecological pyramid is always upright?$

A.

Pyramid of Numbers

B.

Pyramid of Biomass

C.

Pyramid of Energy

D.

Inverted Pyramid

6 $The process of succession on a bare rock surface is known as:$

A.

Hydrosere

B.

Xerosere

C.

Halosere

D.

Psammosere

7 $Which gas is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?$

A.

Carbon Dioxide

B.

Methane

C.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

D.

Nitrous Oxide

8 $What is the phenomenon called when the concentration of toxins increases at higher trophic levels?$

A.

Eutrophication

B.

Bioaccumulation

C.

Biomagnification

D.

Biodegradation

9 $Acid rain is primarily caused by emissions of which two gases?$

A.

CO2 and CH4

B.

SO2 and NOx

C.

O3 and CFCs

D.

CO and CO2

10 $The excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus is called:$

A.

Sedimentation

B.

Eutrophication

C.

Salinization

D.

Desertification

11 $Which of the following is an example of In-situ conservation?$

A.

Botanical Garden

B.

Zoo

C.

National Park

D.

Seed Bank

12 $The 'Red Data Book' which lists endangered species is published by:$

A.

WWF

B.

UNEP

C.

IUCN

D.

UNESCO

13 $Who introduced the concept of 'Biodiversity Hotspots'?$

A.

Norman Myers

B.

Charles Darwin

C.

Rachel Carson

D.

Edward O. Wilson

14 $Which movement in India is famously associated with hugging trees to prevent deforestation?$

A.

Narmada Bachao Andolan

B.

Chipko Movement

C.

Silent Valley Movement

D.

Appiko Movement

15 $The Brundtland Commission Report (1987) is famously titled:$

A.

Silent Spring

B.

The Limits to Growth

C.

Our Common Future

D.

Agenda 21

16 $How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN in 2015?$

A.

10

B.

15

C.

17

D.

21

17 $The Montreal Protocol is related to:$

A.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction

B.

Ozone Layer Depletion

C.

Hazardous Waste Disposal

D.

Biodiversity Conservation

18 $The Kyoto Protocol primarily focuses on:$

A.

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

B.

Protecting Wetlands

C.

Conserving Biodiversity

D.

Controlling Transboundary Waste

19 $Which Indian Act was enacted in the wake of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?$

A.

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

B.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

C.

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

D.

Air Act, 1981

20 $What does EIA stand for in environmental management?$

A.

Environmental International Agreement

B.

Ecological Impact Analysis

C.

Environmental Impact Assessment

D.

Energy Independent Assessment

21 $The 'Agenda 21' was a result of which summit?$

A.

Stockholm Conference (1972)

B.

Rio Earth Summit (1992)

C.

Johannesburg Summit (2002)

D.

Paris Summit (2015)

22 $Which of the following is an abiotic component of the ecosystem?$

A.

Bacteria

B.

Fungi

C.

Humus

D.

Plants

23 $A species restricted to a specific geographic area is called:$

A.

Endemic Species

B.

Exotic Species

C.

Keystone Species

D.

Invasive Species

24 $Which layer of the atmosphere contains the 'Good Ozone' that protects us from UV rays?$

A.

Troposphere

B.

Stratosphere

C.

Mesosphere

D.

Thermosphere

25 $The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on which scale?$

A.

Mercalli Scale

B.

Richter Scale

C.

Fujita Scale

D.

Saffir-Simpson Scale

26 $Which of the following is considered a 'secondary pollutant'?$

A.

Carbon Monoxide

B.

Sulfur Dioxide

C.

Ground-level Ozone

D.

Lead

27 $What is the primary cause of soil salinization in arid regions?$

A.

Overgrazing

B.

Excessive irrigation without drainage

C.

Deforestation

D.

Acid rain

28 $The Ramsar Convention relates to the conservation of:$

A.

Forests

B.

Wetlands

C.

Corals

D.

Deserts

29 $Which of the following is a geological hazard?$

A.

Cyclone

B.

Drought

C.

Landslide

D.

Heatwave

30 $What is the main objective of the Paris Agreement (2015)?$

A.

Limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C

B.

Ban all nuclear weapons

C.

Stop all plastic production

D.

Eliminate all fossil fuels by 2020

31 $Minamata disease was caused by pollution from:$

A.

Lead

B.

Mercury

C.

Cadmium

D.

Arsenic

32 $Which method involves planting crops in rows along the contours of the land to prevent soil erosion?$

A.

Terracing

B.

Contour Ploughing

C.

Crop Rotation

D.

Shifting Cultivation

33 $The concept of 'Ecological Footprint' measures:$

A.

The physical size of an ecosystem

B.

Human demand on nature

C.

The carbon content of soil

D.

The migration path of animals

34 $Which gas was responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984?$

A.

Methyl Isocyanate

B.

Potassium Cyanide

C.

Carbon Monoxide

D.

Phosgene

35 $Beta diversity refers to:$

A.

Diversity within a single community

B.

Diversity between communities

C.

Total diversity of a region

D.

Genetic diversity

36 $Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?$

A.

Solar

B.

Wind

C.

Geothermal

D.

Natural Gas

37 $The process of restoring a forest that once existed but was removed is called:$

A.

Afforestation

B.

Reforestation

C.

Deforestation

D.

Agroforestry

38 $Which Act in India governs the protection of forests and wildlife?$

A.

The Factories Act

B.

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

C.

The Mines Act

D.

The Water Act

39 $The 'Greenhouse Effect' is essential for life because:$

A.

It blocks UV rays

B.

It maintains the Earth's average temperature

C.

It produces oxygen

D.

It prevents rain

40 $Disaster Management involves which cycle of activities?$

A.

Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery

B.

Ignore, React, Forget, Repeat

C.

Planning, Funding, Building, Selling

D.

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion

41 $A 'Keystone Species' is:$

A.

The most abundant species

B.

A species with a disproportionately large effect on its environment

C.

A species at the bottom of the food chain

D.

An extinct species

42 $Which soil horizon is known as Topsoil?$

A.

O Horizon

B.

A Horizon

C.

B Horizon

D.

C Horizon

43 $Anthropogenic hazards are caused by:$

A.

Geological forces

B.

Atmospheric conditions

C.

Human activities

D.

Solar flares

44 $The 'Silent Valley' is located in which Indian state?$

A.

Karnataka

B.

Kerala

C.

Uttarakhand

D.

Himachal Pradesh

45 $Which international body was established to assess the science related to climate change?$

A.

IPCC

B.

WHO

C.

WTO

D.

NATO

46 $What is the primary cause of Tsunami?$

A.

Cyclones

B.

Tides

C.

Undersea earthquakes

D.

Atmospheric pressure

47 $Fly ash is a major environmental pollutant produced by:$

A.

Nuclear power plants

B.

Hydroelectric plants

C.

Thermal power plants

D.

Wind farms

48 $Which of the following is an example of Non-Point Source pollution?$

A.

Discharge pipe from a factory

B.

Oil spill from a tanker

C.

Agricultural runoff

D.

Smoke stack

49 $The concept of 'Carrying Capacity' refers to:$

A.

Maximum weight a vehicle can carry

B.

Maximum population size an environment can sustain

C.

Maximum water a river can hold

D.

Maximum trash a landfill can take

50 $Which article of the Indian Constitution imposes a fundamental duty on citizens to protect the environment?$

A.

Article 21

B.

Article 48A

C.

Article 51A(g)

D.

Article 14

Unit 6 - Practice Quiz