1 $Who coined the term 'Ecosystem' in 1935?$

A.

A.G. Tansley

B.

Ernst Haeckel

C.

R.L. Lindeman

D.

E.P. Odum

2 $According to Lindeman's 10% Law, how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?$

A.

50%

B.

10%

C.

100%

D.

1%

3 $Which of the following describes the zone of transition between two distinct ecosystems?$

A.

Ecological Niche

B.

Ecotone

C.

Ecotype

D.

Biome

4 $What is the functional role of a species within its ecosystem called?$

A.

Home Range

B.

Trophic Level

C.

Ecological Niche

D.

Habitat

5 $Which type of ecological pyramid is always upright?$

A.

Inverted Pyramid

B.

Pyramid of Numbers

C.

Pyramid of Energy

D.

Pyramid of Biomass

6 $The process of succession on a bare rock surface is known as:$

A.

Hydrosere

B.

Psammosere

C.

Xerosere

D.

Halosere

7 $Which gas is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?$

A.

Methane

B.

Nitrous Oxide

C.

Carbon Dioxide

D.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

8 $What is the phenomenon called when the concentration of toxins increases at higher trophic levels?$

A.

Bioaccumulation

B.

Biodegradation

C.

Eutrophication

D.

Biomagnification

9 $Acid rain is primarily caused by emissions of which two gases?$

A.

SO2 and NOx

B.

CO and CO2

C.

O3 and CFCs

D.

CO2 and CH4

10 $The excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus is called:$

A.

Desertification

B.

Salinization

C.

Eutrophication

D.

Sedimentation

11 $Which of the following is an example of In-situ conservation?$

A.

National Park

B.

Zoo

C.

Seed Bank

D.

Botanical Garden

12 $The 'Red Data Book' which lists endangered species is published by:$

A.

WWF

B.

IUCN

C.

UNESCO

D.

UNEP

13 $Who introduced the concept of 'Biodiversity Hotspots'?$

A.

Rachel Carson

B.

Edward O. Wilson

C.

Norman Myers

D.

Charles Darwin

14 $Which movement in India is famously associated with hugging trees to prevent deforestation?$

A.

Narmada Bachao Andolan

B.

Chipko Movement

C.

Appiko Movement

D.

Silent Valley Movement

15 $The Brundtland Commission Report (1987) is famously titled:$

A.

Our Common Future

B.

Silent Spring

C.

The Limits to Growth

D.

Agenda 21

16 $How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN in 2015?$

A.

21

B.

17

C.

15

D.

10

17 $The Montreal Protocol is related to:$

A.

Ozone Layer Depletion

B.

Biodiversity Conservation

C.

Hazardous Waste Disposal

D.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction

18 $The Kyoto Protocol primarily focuses on:$

A.

Controlling Transboundary Waste

B.

Protecting Wetlands

C.

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

D.

Conserving Biodiversity

19 $Which Indian Act was enacted in the wake of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?$

A.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

B.

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

C.

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

D.

Air Act, 1981

20 $What does EIA stand for in environmental management?$

A.

Energy Independent Assessment

B.

Environmental International Agreement

C.

Environmental Impact Assessment

D.

Ecological Impact Analysis

21 $The 'Agenda 21' was a result of which summit?$

A.

Rio Earth Summit (1992)

B.

Johannesburg Summit (2002)

C.

Paris Summit (2015)

D.

Stockholm Conference (1972)

22 $Which of the following is an abiotic component of the ecosystem?$

A.

Humus

B.

Plants

C.

Bacteria

D.

Fungi

23 $A species restricted to a specific geographic area is called:$

A.

Exotic Species

B.

Endemic Species

C.

Keystone Species

D.

Invasive Species

24 $Which layer of the atmosphere contains the 'Good Ozone' that protects us from UV rays?$

A.

Mesosphere

B.

Troposphere

C.

Thermosphere

D.

Stratosphere

25 $The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on which scale?$

A.

Fujita Scale

B.

Mercalli Scale

C.

Saffir-Simpson Scale

D.

Richter Scale

26 $Which of the following is considered a 'secondary pollutant'?$

A.

Lead

B.

Sulfur Dioxide

C.

Ground-level Ozone

D.

Carbon Monoxide

27 $What is the primary cause of soil salinization in arid regions?$

A.

Overgrazing

B.

Deforestation

C.

Acid rain

D.

Excessive irrigation without drainage

28 $The Ramsar Convention relates to the conservation of:$

A.

Wetlands

B.

Forests

C.

Deserts

D.

Corals

29 $Which of the following is a geological hazard?$

A.

Drought

B.

Cyclone

C.

Heatwave

D.

Landslide

30 $What is the main objective of the Paris Agreement (2015)?$

A.

Ban all nuclear weapons

B.

Eliminate all fossil fuels by 2020

C.

Limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C

D.

Stop all plastic production

31 $Minamata disease was caused by pollution from:$

A.

Mercury

B.

Cadmium

C.

Lead

D.

Arsenic

32 $Which method involves planting crops in rows along the contours of the land to prevent soil erosion?$

A.

Crop Rotation

B.

Contour Ploughing

C.

Shifting Cultivation

D.

Terracing

33 $The concept of 'Ecological Footprint' measures:$

A.

Human demand on nature

B.

The carbon content of soil

C.

The physical size of an ecosystem

D.

The migration path of animals

34 $Which gas was responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984?$

A.

Potassium Cyanide

B.

Methyl Isocyanate

C.

Carbon Monoxide

D.

Phosgene

35 $Beta diversity refers to:$

A.

Diversity between communities

B.

Genetic diversity

C.

Total diversity of a region

D.

Diversity within a single community

36 $Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?$

A.

Wind

B.

Solar

C.

Natural Gas

D.

Geothermal

37 $The process of restoring a forest that once existed but was removed is called:$

A.

Afforestation

B.

Reforestation

C.

Agroforestry

D.

Deforestation

38 $Which Act in India governs the protection of forests and wildlife?$

A.

The Factories Act

B.

The Mines Act

C.

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

D.

The Water Act

39 $The 'Greenhouse Effect' is essential for life because:$

A.

It produces oxygen

B.

It blocks UV rays

C.

It maintains the Earth's average temperature

D.

It prevents rain

40 $Disaster Management involves which cycle of activities?$

A.

Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery

B.

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion

C.

Ignore, React, Forget, Repeat

D.

Planning, Funding, Building, Selling

41 $A 'Keystone Species' is:$

A.

The most abundant species

B.

A species at the bottom of the food chain

C.

An extinct species

D.

A species with a disproportionately large effect on its environment

42 $Which soil horizon is known as Topsoil?$

A.

B Horizon

B.

C Horizon

C.

O Horizon

D.

A Horizon

43 $Anthropogenic hazards are caused by:$

A.

Atmospheric conditions

B.

Human activities

C.

Solar flares

D.

Geological forces

44 $The 'Silent Valley' is located in which Indian state?$

A.

Himachal Pradesh

B.

Karnataka

C.

Uttarakhand

D.

Kerala

45 $Which international body was established to assess the science related to climate change?$

A.

NATO

B.

WTO

C.

IPCC

D.

WHO

46 $What is the primary cause of Tsunami?$

A.

Undersea earthquakes

B.

Cyclones

C.

Tides

D.

Atmospheric pressure

47 $Fly ash is a major environmental pollutant produced by:$

A.

Thermal power plants

B.

Nuclear power plants

C.

Hydroelectric plants

D.

Wind farms

48 $Which of the following is an example of Non-Point Source pollution?$

A.

Smoke stack

B.

Agricultural runoff

C.

Oil spill from a tanker

D.

Discharge pipe from a factory

49 $The concept of 'Carrying Capacity' refers to:$

A.

Maximum water a river can hold

B.

Maximum population size an environment can sustain

C.

Maximum weight a vehicle can carry

D.

Maximum trash a landfill can take

50 $Which article of the Indian Constitution imposes a fundamental duty on citizens to protect the environment?$

A.

Article 48A

B.

Article 21

C.

Article 14

D.

Article 51A(g)

Unit 6 - Practice Quiz