1 $Who postulated the concept that 'Landscapes are a function of structure, process, and stage'?$

A.

W.M. Davis

B.

Walther Penck

C.

L.C. King

D.

James Hutton

2 $Which principle states that 'The present is the key to the past'?$

A.

Catastrophism

B.

Uniformitarianism

C.

Isostasy

D.

Continental Drift

3 $Which of the following is considered an Endogenetic force?$

A.

Running Water

B.

Volcanism

C.

Wind

D.

Glaciers

4 $Diastrophism includes all of the following processes EXCEPT:$

A.

Orogenic movements

B.

Epeirogenic movements

C.

Weathering

D.

Earthquakes

5 $Which layer of the Earth constitutes the SIAL (Silica and Aluminium)?$

A.

Upper Crust

B.

Lower Mantle

C.

Outer Core

D.

Inner Core

6 $The boundary separating the Crust from the Mantle is known as:$

A.

Gutenberg Discontinuity

B.

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

C.

Lehmann Discontinuity

D.

Conrad Discontinuity

7 $What is the primary source of energy for Exogenetic forces?$

A.

Radioactive decay

B.

Gravitational force of the Moon

C.

The Sun

D.

Core heat

8 $The 'Asthenosphere' is located in which part of the Earth's interior?$

A.

Inner Core

B.

Lower Crust

C.

Upper Mantle

D.

Lower Mantle

9 $Which term describes mountain-building movements?$

A.

Epeirogenic

B.

Orogenic

C.

Exogenetic

D.

Denudation

10 $Who first used the term 'Geosyncline'?$

A.

J.A. Steers

B.

James Hall

C.

J.D. Dana

D.

E. Haug

11 $According to the theory of Isostasy, who proposed that columns of crustal material have uniform density but varying heights?$

A.

G.B. Airy

B.

J.H. Pratt

C.

Hayford

D.

Bowie

12 $Which discontinuity separates the Mantle from the Core?$

A.

Mohorovicic

B.

Repetti

C.

Gutenberg

D.

Conrad

13 $The core of the Earth is primarily composed of:$

A.

Silica and Magnesium

B.

Silica and Aluminium

C.

Nickel and Iron

D.

Basalt and Granite

14 $Who is the proponent of the 'Continental Drift Theory'?$

A.

Harry Hess

B.

Alfred Wegener

C.

Arthur Holmes

D.

W.J. Morgan

15 $The supercontinent in Wegener's theory was named:$

A.

Gondwanaland

B.

Laurasia

C.

Pangaea

D.

Tethys

16 $Which evidence for Continental Drift involves the fitting together of coastlines?$

A.

Paleomagnetism

B.

Jig-saw Fit

C.

Tillite deposits

D.

Placer deposits

17 $In the context of Isostasy, what does the 'Level of Compensation' refer to in Pratt's theory?$

A.

The depth where all rock columns exert equal pressure

B.

The surface of the ocean

C.

The boundary between crust and mantle

D.

The height of the highest mountain

18 $Which seismic waves cannot travel through liquids, indicating the outer core is liquid?$

A.

P-waves

B.

S-waves

C.

L-waves

D.

Rayleigh waves

19 $The huge water body surrounding Pangaea was known as:$

A.

Tethys

B.

Panthalassa

C.

Indian Ocean

D.

Atlantic Ocean

20 $Geosynclines are often described as the:$

A.

Graveyard of sediments

B.

Cradle of mountains

C.

Birthplace of oceans

D.

Root of volcanoes

21 $The generation of the Earth's magnetic field is primarily attributed to:$

A.

The rotation of the solid inner core

B.

Convection currents in the liquid outer core

C.

Solar winds

D.

Magnetic minerals in the crust

22 $Paleomagnetism is the study of:$

A.

Current magnetic field strength

B.

Magnetic properties of rocks preserving past magnetic fields

C.

Magnetic fields of other planets

D.

Atmospheric magnetism

23 $The temperature at which magnetic materials lose their permanent magnetism is called:$

A.

Melting Point

B.

Curie Point

C.

Boiling Point

D.

Dew Point

24 $Which force did Wegener suggest was responsible for the equator-ward movement of continents?$

A.

Tidal force

B.

Pole-fleeing force

C.

Convection currents

D.

Slab pull

25 $The term 'Isostasy' was coined by:$

A.

Dutton

B.

Airy

C.

Pratt

D.

Heiskanen

26 $Which of the following is NOT a stage in the development of a Geosyncline?$

A.

Lithogenesis

B.

Orogenesis

C.

Gliptogenesis

D.

Metamorphosis

27 $Which layer of the Earth has the highest density?$

A.

Crust

B.

Mantle

C.

Outer Core

D.

Inner Core

28 $Epeirogenic movements typically result in:$

A.

Mountain ranges

B.

Uplift or subsidence of large landmasses

C.

Volcanic eruptions

D.

Tsunamis

29 $The occurrence of identical fossil species like Glossopteris on widely separated continents is evidence of:$

A.

Parallel evolution

B.

Continental Drift

C.

Volcanic activity

D.

Ocean currents

30 $What happens to the Earth's magnetic polarity over geological time scales?$

A.

It remains constant

B.

It weakens but never flips

C.

It undergoes reversals

D.

It rotates 90 degrees only

31 $In Kober's Geosynclinal theory, the rigid masses bordering the geosyncline are called:$

A.

Randketten

B.

Kratogen

C.

Median Mass

D.

Foreland

32 $Sudden endogenetic forces include:$

A.

Mountain building

B.

Weathering

C.

Volcanism and Earthquakes

D.

Continental uplift

33 $The lithosphere includes:$

A.

The crust and the uppermost solid mantle

B.

Only the crust

C.

The mantle and the core

D.

The crust and the asthenosphere

34 $Which hypothesis regarding Isostasy assumes varying densities of crustal blocks but a uniform depth of compensation?$

A.

Airy's Hypothesis

B.

Pratt's Hypothesis

C.

Holmes' Hypothesis

D.

Wegener's Hypothesis

35 $The angle between Magnetic North and Geographic North is called:$

A.

Magnetic Dip

B.

Magnetic Declination

C.

Magnetic Inclination

D.

Azimuth

36 $Which sea separated Angaraland and Gondwanaland during the Mesozoic era?$

A.

Mediterranean Sea

B.

Tethys Sea

C.

Red Sea

D.

Caribbean Sea

37 $Denudation is a general term that covers:$

A.

Weathering and Erosion

B.

Volcanism and Earthquakes

C.

Folding and Faulting

D.

Uplift and Subsidence

38 $Vine and Matthews used magnetic anomalies on the ocean floor to prove:$

A.

Isostasy

B.

Sea Floor Spreading

C.

The shrinking Earth theory

D.

The expanding Earth theory

39 $The average density of the Earth's crust is approximately:$

A.

2.7 - 3.0 g/cm³

B.

5.5 g/cm³

C.

11.0 g/cm³

D.

13.0 g/cm³

40 $Which factor is NOT a primary control of landform development?$

A.

Tectonic stability

B.

Climate

C.

Rock type (Lithology)

D.

Population density

41 $According to Plate Tectonics, the lithosphere is broken into:$

A.

Continents

B.

Plates

C.

Oceans

D.

Shields

42 $Glacial Isostatic Adjustment refers to:$

A.

The melting of glaciers

B.

The movement of glaciers downhill

C.

The rebound of crust after the removal of ice weight

D.

The formation of ice sheets

43 $The 'Median Mass' in Kober's theory is:$

A.

The foreland

B.

The deepest part of the ocean

C.

The unaffected middle part of the geosyncline between folded ranges

D.

The volcanic zone

44 $Magnetic inclination (Dip) at the magnetic poles is:$

A.

0 degrees

B.

45 degrees

C.

90 degrees

D.

180 degrees

45 $Which of the following rocks is most susceptible to chemical weathering?$

A.

Quartzite

B.

Limestone

C.

Granite

D.

Sandstone

46 $Tillite deposits found in India, Africa, and Australia provide evidence for:$

A.

Volcanic eruptions

B.

Desertification

C.

Ancient Glaciation regarding Continental Drift

D.

River deposition

47 $The zone of low velocity seismic waves in the upper mantle is the:$

A.

Lithosphere

B.

Asthenosphere

C.

Mesosphere

D.

Barysphere

48 $What is the approximate radius of the Earth?$

A.

3,400 km

B.

6,371 km

C.

12,000 km

D.

4,500 km

49 $Which of the following is an example of an Exogenetic process?$

A.

Earthquake

B.

Faulting

C.

Mass Wasting

D.

Vulcanicity

50 $The concept that 'Mountains have roots' is associated with:$

A.

Pratt

B.

Airy

C.

Holmes

D.

Jeffreys

Unit 1 - Practice Quiz