1 $Who postulated the concept that 'Landscapes are a function of structure, process, and stage'?$

A.

L.C. King

B.

Walther Penck

C.

W.M. Davis

D.

James Hutton

2 $Which principle states that 'The present is the key to the past'?$

A.

Isostasy

B.

Catastrophism

C.

Continental Drift

D.

Uniformitarianism

3 $Which of the following is considered an Endogenetic force?$

A.

Running Water

B.

Volcanism

C.

Glaciers

D.

Wind

4 $Diastrophism includes all of the following processes EXCEPT:$

A.

Orogenic movements

B.

Earthquakes

C.

Epeirogenic movements

D.

Weathering

5 $Which layer of the Earth constitutes the SIAL (Silica and Aluminium)?$

A.

Lower Mantle

B.

Inner Core

C.

Upper Crust

D.

Outer Core

6 $The boundary separating the Crust from the Mantle is known as:$

A.

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

B.

Gutenberg Discontinuity

C.

Lehmann Discontinuity

D.

Conrad Discontinuity

7 $What is the primary source of energy for Exogenetic forces?$

A.

Radioactive decay

B.

The Sun

C.

Gravitational force of the Moon

D.

Core heat

8 $The 'Asthenosphere' is located in which part of the Earth's interior?$

A.

Lower Crust

B.

Lower Mantle

C.

Inner Core

D.

Upper Mantle

9 $Which term describes mountain-building movements?$

A.

Epeirogenic

B.

Orogenic

C.

Denudation

D.

Exogenetic

10 $Who first used the term 'Geosyncline'?$

A.

J.D. Dana

B.

E. Haug

C.

James Hall

D.

J.A. Steers

11 $According to the theory of Isostasy, who proposed that columns of crustal material have uniform density but varying heights?$

A.

J.H. Pratt

B.

Bowie

C.

G.B. Airy

D.

Hayford

12 $Which discontinuity separates the Mantle from the Core?$

A.

Gutenberg

B.

Repetti

C.

Mohorovicic

D.

Conrad

13 $The core of the Earth is primarily composed of:$

A.

Basalt and Granite

B.

Nickel and Iron

C.

Silica and Magnesium

D.

Silica and Aluminium

14 $Who is the proponent of the 'Continental Drift Theory'?$

A.

W.J. Morgan

B.

Harry Hess

C.

Arthur Holmes

D.

Alfred Wegener

15 $The supercontinent in Wegener's theory was named:$

A.

Tethys

B.

Pangaea

C.

Gondwanaland

D.

Laurasia

16 $Which evidence for Continental Drift involves the fitting together of coastlines?$

A.

Jig-saw Fit

B.

Tillite deposits

C.

Paleomagnetism

D.

Placer deposits

17 $In the context of Isostasy, what does the 'Level of Compensation' refer to in Pratt's theory?$

A.

The height of the highest mountain

B.

The depth where all rock columns exert equal pressure

C.

The surface of the ocean

D.

The boundary between crust and mantle

18 $Which seismic waves cannot travel through liquids, indicating the outer core is liquid?$

A.

S-waves

B.

L-waves

C.

P-waves

D.

Rayleigh waves

19 $The huge water body surrounding Pangaea was known as:$

A.

Atlantic Ocean

B.

Panthalassa

C.

Tethys

D.

Indian Ocean

20 $Geosynclines are often described as the:$

A.

Root of volcanoes

B.

Graveyard of sediments

C.

Birthplace of oceans

D.

Cradle of mountains

21 $The generation of the Earth's magnetic field is primarily attributed to:$

A.

Magnetic minerals in the crust

B.

Solar winds

C.

Convection currents in the liquid outer core

D.

The rotation of the solid inner core

22 $Paleomagnetism is the study of:$

A.

Atmospheric magnetism

B.

Current magnetic field strength

C.

Magnetic properties of rocks preserving past magnetic fields

D.

Magnetic fields of other planets

23 $The temperature at which magnetic materials lose their permanent magnetism is called:$

A.

Boiling Point

B.

Dew Point

C.

Curie Point

D.

Melting Point

24 $Which force did Wegener suggest was responsible for the equator-ward movement of continents?$

A.

Pole-fleeing force

B.

Convection currents

C.

Slab pull

D.

Tidal force

25 $The term 'Isostasy' was coined by:$

A.

Airy

B.

Heiskanen

C.

Pratt

D.

Dutton

26 $Which of the following is NOT a stage in the development of a Geosyncline?$

A.

Metamorphosis

B.

Lithogenesis

C.

Orogenesis

D.

Gliptogenesis

27 $Which layer of the Earth has the highest density?$

A.

Mantle

B.

Crust

C.

Inner Core

D.

Outer Core

28 $Epeirogenic movements typically result in:$

A.

Uplift or subsidence of large landmasses

B.

Volcanic eruptions

C.

Mountain ranges

D.

Tsunamis

29 $The occurrence of identical fossil species like Glossopteris on widely separated continents is evidence of:$

A.

Continental Drift

B.

Ocean currents

C.

Volcanic activity

D.

Parallel evolution

30 $What happens to the Earth's magnetic polarity over geological time scales?$

A.

It weakens but never flips

B.

It rotates 90 degrees only

C.

It undergoes reversals

D.

It remains constant

31 $In Kober's Geosynclinal theory, the rigid masses bordering the geosyncline are called:$

A.

Median Mass

B.

Randketten

C.

Kratogen

D.

Foreland

32 $Sudden endogenetic forces include:$

A.

Weathering

B.

Volcanism and Earthquakes

C.

Continental uplift

D.

Mountain building

33 $The lithosphere includes:$

A.

Only the crust

B.

The crust and the asthenosphere

C.

The mantle and the core

D.

The crust and the uppermost solid mantle

34 $Which hypothesis regarding Isostasy assumes varying densities of crustal blocks but a uniform depth of compensation?$

A.

Airy's Hypothesis

B.

Holmes' Hypothesis

C.

Pratt's Hypothesis

D.

Wegener's Hypothesis

35 $The angle between Magnetic North and Geographic North is called:$

A.

Magnetic Inclination

B.

Magnetic Declination

C.

Azimuth

D.

Magnetic Dip

36 $Which sea separated Angaraland and Gondwanaland during the Mesozoic era?$

A.

Red Sea

B.

Tethys Sea

C.

Caribbean Sea

D.

Mediterranean Sea

37 $Denudation is a general term that covers:$

A.

Volcanism and Earthquakes

B.

Folding and Faulting

C.

Weathering and Erosion

D.

Uplift and Subsidence

38 $Vine and Matthews used magnetic anomalies on the ocean floor to prove:$

A.

Sea Floor Spreading

B.

Isostasy

C.

The shrinking Earth theory

D.

The expanding Earth theory

39 $The average density of the Earth's crust is approximately:$

A.

13.0 g/cm³

B.

2.7 - 3.0 g/cm³

C.

5.5 g/cm³

D.

11.0 g/cm³

40 $Which factor is NOT a primary control of landform development?$

A.

Population density

B.

Rock type (Lithology)

C.

Tectonic stability

D.

Climate

41 $According to Plate Tectonics, the lithosphere is broken into:$

A.

Oceans

B.

Shields

C.

Plates

D.

Continents

42 $Glacial Isostatic Adjustment refers to:$

A.

The formation of ice sheets

B.

The melting of glaciers

C.

The movement of glaciers downhill

D.

The rebound of crust after the removal of ice weight

43 $The 'Median Mass' in Kober's theory is:$

A.

The unaffected middle part of the geosyncline between folded ranges

B.

The volcanic zone

C.

The deepest part of the ocean

D.

The foreland

44 $Magnetic inclination (Dip) at the magnetic poles is:$

A.

0 degrees

B.

180 degrees

C.

45 degrees

D.

90 degrees

45 $Which of the following rocks is most susceptible to chemical weathering?$

A.

Sandstone

B.

Quartzite

C.

Limestone

D.

Granite

46 $Tillite deposits found in India, Africa, and Australia provide evidence for:$

A.

River deposition

B.

Desertification

C.

Volcanic eruptions

D.

Ancient Glaciation regarding Continental Drift

47 $The zone of low velocity seismic waves in the upper mantle is the:$

A.

Barysphere

B.

Asthenosphere

C.

Lithosphere

D.

Mesosphere

48 $What is the approximate radius of the Earth?$

A.

12,000 km

B.

4,500 km

C.

3,400 km

D.

6,371 km

49 $Which of the following is an example of an Exogenetic process?$

A.

Faulting

B.

Earthquake

C.

Vulcanicity

D.

Mass Wasting

50 $The concept that 'Mountains have roots' is associated with:$

A.

Pratt

B.

Jeffreys

C.

Holmes

D.

Airy

Unit 1 - Practice Quiz