Unit 6: Embedded system and its application - Practice Quiz

1 What is an embedded system?

2 Which of the following is a common example of an embedded system?

3 Which component acts as the 'brain' of an embedded system?

4 Embedded systems are generally designed to be:

5 Which device integrates CPU, memory, and I/O ports on a single chip?

6 A microprocessor typically requires which of the following to function?

7 Which is generally more suitable for small, dedicated control applications?

8 Compared to a microcontroller, a microprocessor is usually used in:

9 Which generally consumes less power for embedded tasks?

10 Arduino is best described as a/an:

11 What is the main function of a sensor?

12 Which of the following is an example of a temperature sensor?

13 The programming environment used to write code for Arduino is called the:

14 Arduino boards are commonly programmed using a language based on:

15 What does IoT stand for?

16 In healthcare, IoT devices are commonly used to:

17 In agriculture, IoT sensors are mainly used to monitor:

18 What is the main role of cloud computing in IoT systems?

19 A smart grid primarily uses IoT and sensors to:

20 Condition monitoring of plant machinery using IoT helps mainly to:

21 A digital washing machine controller is dedicated to running only wash cycles and cannot be reprogrammed by the user for other tasks. Which characteristic of embedded systems does this best illustrate?

22 Which combination of constraints is most typical when designing a battery-powered embedded device such as a fitness band?

23 A real-time embedded system in an airbag controller must respond within a strict deadline. Missing this deadline causes system failure. This is an example of which type of system?

24 An engineer needs a single chip containing CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports for a low-cost temperature logger. Which device is the most suitable choice?

25 Why does a microprocessor-based system generally require more external components than a microcontroller-based system?

26 Which statement best compares typical use cases of microprocessors and microcontrollers?

27 A microcontroller is often said to follow a Harvard architecture while many microprocessors use von Neumann architecture. What is the key implication of Harvard architecture?

28 On an Arduino Uno, which function is used to read a varying analog voltage from a sensor such as an LDR?

29 The Arduino Uno's analog-to-digital converter has 10-bit resolution. How many discrete levels can it represent?

30 A designer wants to measure distance to an obstacle for an automatic parking system. Which sensor is most appropriate?

31 Which classification best describes a thermocouple used with an Arduino to measure temperature?

32 In an Arduino sketch, which function runs continuously and repeatedly after startup to handle ongoing sensor polling?

33 In an IoT-based plant condition-monitoring system, vibration sensors on a motor send data to the cloud, which detects a rising trend before failure. This capability is best described as:

34 Why is cloud computing advantageous for storing and analyzing data from thousands of plant sensors?

35 An IoT monitoring system needs instant local reaction to a dangerous pressure spike without waiting for the cloud. Which approach addresses this requirement?

36 A wearable IoT device continuously transmits a patient's heart rate to doctors for remote observation. This application is best known as:

37 A smart-farming IoT system uses soil-moisture sensors to turn on irrigation only when moisture drops below a threshold. What is the primary benefit?

38 In a smart manufacturing line, IoT sensors feed real-time production data to a dashboard that automatically flags defective units. This is a core concept of:

39 A connected car uploads engine diagnostics to the cloud, which alerts the driver about an impending component failure. This feature primarily relies on:

40 A smart grid uses IoT-enabled smart meters that allow two-way communication between consumers and the utility. What is a key advantage of this over traditional meters?

41 A real-time embedded system must guarantee a response to a sensor interrupt within . The CPU runs at and the interrupt latency plus the ISR consumes clock cycles. By what minimum factor must the clock be increased to safely meet a stricter deadline of ?

42 Which characteristic most sharply distinguishes a hard real-time embedded system from a soft real-time embedded system?

43 A design requires on-chip RAM, ROM, timers, and ADC in a single IC for a low-cost washing machine controller. Choosing a microprocessor instead of a microcontroller would MOST directly cause which penalty?

44 The 8051 microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture while a typical general-purpose microprocessor uses von Neumann. What is the key performance consequence of this difference?

45 A system must perform heavy floating-point image processing with a large external DRAM and run a full OS. Which selection and reasoning is correct?

46 An Arduino Uno (ATmega328P) uses a -bit ADC with a reference. A sensor outputs . What raw ADC value and resolution per step apply?

47 A designer connects a logic sensor's output to an Arduino Uno ( logic) input and reads correct HIGH values, but connecting the Uno's output to the sensor's input risks damage. What is the correct explanation?

48 A resistive sensor is read via a voltage divider with a fixed resistor and supply. For best ADC sensitivity near the sensor's nominal resistance , which statement is correct?

49 Why does the Arduino delay() function create problems in a system that must simultaneously poll three sensors at different rates?

50 In a plant condition-monitoring system, vibration sensors sample at . To detect a fault signature at without aliasing, which sampling and processing choice is correct?

51 A plant uses edge computing before sending data to the cloud. Which scenario BEST justifies processing at the edge rather than purely in the cloud?

52 An IoT gateway transmits sensor readings per second, each , over a link. What minimum raw throughput is required, ignoring protocol overhead?

53 A wearable IoT ECG device must prioritize detecting life-threatening arrhythmia locally while uploading full waveforms to the cloud. Which architecture best balances reliability and bandwidth?

54 In a cloud-connected patient monitoring system, which design flaw most directly violates patient data security requirements?

55 A smart irrigation system uses soil-moisture sensors and a cloud model. During a multi-day network outage, which edge-level fallback best preserves crop health?

56 A field deploys LoRa soil sensors each reporting once every . What is the average aggregate message rate the gateway must handle?

57 In a smart factory, predictive maintenance uses IoT vibration data and cloud ML. What is the primary advantage over traditional scheduled (time-based) maintenance?

58 A manufacturing line's IoT system shows rising false-alarm rates after adding more sensors. Which root cause is most consistent with this symptom?

59 In a connected vehicle, which function MUST remain on an embedded ECU rather than depend on cloud computing, and why?

60 A smart grid uses IoT smart meters for demand response. During a sudden generation shortfall, which cloud+edge mechanism most effectively prevents a cascading blackout?