1An ideal Voltage Amplifier is characterized by which of the following input () and output () resistance values?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:An ideal voltage amplifier should measure voltage without drawing current (infinite input resistance) and deliver voltage without a drop across internal resistance (zero output resistance).
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2What is the mathematical expression for the gain with negative feedback (), given open-loop gain and feedback factor ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:For negative feedback, the denominator is , which reduces the overall gain but improves stability and bandwidth.
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3The quantity in a negative feedback amplifier is known as:
A.Loop Gain
B.Return Ratio
C.Amount of Feedback (Desensitivity)
D.Feedback Factor
Correct Answer: Amount of Feedback (Desensitivity)
Explanation:The factor is called the desensitivity factor because it indicates how much the sensitivity of the gain to parameter changes is reduced.
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4If the feedback signal is proportional to the output voltage and is mixed in series with the input signal, the topology is classified as:
A.Current-Series Feedback
B.Voltage-Shunt Feedback
C.Current-Shunt Feedback
D.Voltage-Series Feedback
Correct Answer: Voltage-Series Feedback
Explanation:Voltage sampling implies the feedback network is connected in shunt at the output. Series mixing implies it is connected in series at the input. This is Voltage-Series feedback.
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5Negative feedback in an amplifier generally results in which of the following changes to bandwidth?
A.Bandwidth decreases
B.Bandwidth remains unchanged
C.Bandwidth increases
D.Bandwidth becomes zero
Correct Answer: Bandwidth increases
Explanation:Negative feedback decreases the gain, but the Gain-Bandwidth product remains constant. Therefore, the bandwidth increases by the factor .
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6Which feedback topology is used to convert a Transconductance Amplifier into a stable amplifier?
A.Voltage-Series
B.Current-Series
C.Voltage-Shunt
D.Current-Shunt
Correct Answer: Current-Series
Explanation:A transconductance amplifier takes an input voltage and produces an output current. Current-Series feedback stabilizes this ratio ().
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7In a Voltage-Series feedback amplifier, what is the effect on input resistance () and output resistance ()?
A. increases, increases
B. decreases, decreases
C. increases, decreases
D. decreases, increases
Correct Answer: increases, decreases
Explanation:Series mixing at the input increases input resistance (). Voltage sampling (shunt) at the output decreases output resistance ().
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8Calculate the percentage change in closed-loop gain if the open-loop gain changes by 10%, given and .
A.10%
B.1%
C.0.1%
D.5%
Correct Answer: 1%
Explanation:Sensitivity is . Here . The change is .
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9Which feedback topology corresponds to a Current Amplifier?
A.Voltage-Series
B.Voltage-Shunt
C.Current-Series
D.Current-Shunt
Correct Answer: Current-Shunt
Explanation:A current amplifier requires low input resistance (to accept current) and high output resistance (to drive current). Current-Shunt feedback (Shunt Input/Series Output) provides these characteristics.
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10In Current-Series feedback, the feedback signal is proportional to the output current and is:
A.A voltage fed in series with the input
B.A current fed in shunt with the input
C.A voltage fed in shunt with the input
D.A current fed in series with the input
Correct Answer: A voltage fed in series with the input
Explanation:In Current-Series feedback, the output current is sampled (typically via a resistor), creating a feedback voltage that is applied in series with the input voltage.
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11What is the unit of the feedback factor in a Transresistance (Voltage-Shunt) amplifier?
A.Ohms ()
B.Siemens (S) or Mho
C.Dimensionless
D.Volts
Correct Answer: Siemens (S) or Mho
Explanation:In Voltage-Shunt feedback, the output is Voltage and input is Current. The feedback network samples Voltage () and returns Current (). , which has units of Conductance (Siemens).
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12Identify the topology of an Emitter Follower (Common Collector) amplifier circuit.
A.Voltage-Series Feedback
B.Current-Series Feedback
C.Voltage-Shunt Feedback
D.Current-Shunt Feedback
Correct Answer: Voltage-Series Feedback
Explanation:An Emitter Follower samples the output voltage (at the emitter) and opposes the input voltage at the base-emitter loop. This is Voltage-Series feedback.
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13How does negative feedback affect non-linear distortion ()?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Negative feedback reduces non-linear distortion produced within the amplifier by the factor of the desensitivity .
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14In a Voltage-Shunt feedback amplifier, the input resistance () and output resistance () change as follows:
A. increases, increases
B. decreases, decreases
C. increases, decreases
D. decreases, increases
Correct Answer: decreases, decreases
Explanation:Shunt mixing at input decreases . Voltage sampling (Shunt connection) at output decreases . Both decrease.
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15The 'Miller Effect' in the high-frequency response of an amplifier refers to:
A.The increase in output resistance due to feedback
B.The reduction of gain at low frequencies
C.The multiplication of the feedback capacitance at the input
D.The thermal noise generation in resistors
Correct Answer: The multiplication of the feedback capacitance at the input
Explanation:The Miller Effect causes the impedance connected between the input and output (like in a FET) to appear across the input as a much larger capacitance .
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16For a Current-Shunt feedback amplifier, the output resistance is given by (where is open loop output resistance):
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Current sampling is achieved by a series connection at the output, which increases the output resistance by the factor .
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17The low-frequency response of an RC-coupled amplifier is primarily limited by:
A.Inter-electrode capacitances
B.Coupling and bypass capacitors
C.Wiring inductance
D.Transit time of charge carriers
Correct Answer: Coupling and bypass capacitors
Explanation:At low frequencies, the reactance of coupling () and bypass ( or ) capacitors becomes high, causing voltage drops that reduce the gain.
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18If an amplifier has a lower cutoff frequency Hz, what will be the new lower cutoff frequency with negative feedback if ?
A.1000 Hz
B.100 Hz
C.10 Hz
D.1 Hz
Correct Answer: 10 Hz
Explanation:Negative feedback extends the bandwidth. The lower cutoff frequency decreases: Hz.
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19Which component in the high-frequency model of a FET is primarily responsible for the dominant pole (limiting high-frequency response)?
A.Source bypass capacitor
B.Gate-Drain capacitance ()
C.Coupling capacitor
D.Load resistor
Correct Answer: Gate-Drain capacitance ()
Explanation: is amplified by the Miller effect, creating a large equivalent input capacitance that forms a low-pass filter with the source resistance, limiting high-frequency response.
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20The stability of an amplifier with feedback is ensured if the loop gain satisfies which condition according to the Nyquist criterion (simplified)?
A.
B. when phase shift is
C.
D.Phase shift is
Correct Answer: when phase shift is
Explanation:If when the phase shift is (providing total shift for positive feedback), the amplifier will oscillate. For stability, gain must be less than 1 at this phase crossover.
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21A Common Emitter amplifier with an unbypassed Emitter resistor () represents which feedback topology?
A.Current-Series
B.Voltage-Series
C.Current-Shunt
D.Voltage-Shunt
Correct Answer: Current-Series
Explanation:The output current flows through , developing a voltage that opposes the input voltage in the base-emitter loop. This is Current sampling, Series mixing.
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22The reduction in gain due to negative feedback is often expressed in decibels () as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This represents the amount of feedback in dB, indicating how much the open-loop gain has been reduced.
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23In a voltage series feedback amplifier, if the open loop gain and , calculate the closed loop gain .
A.9.09
B.-9.09
C.-10
D.100
Correct Answer: -9.09
Explanation:Using the formula . Here, loop gain is positive (). .
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24At the cut-off frequencies ( and ), the gain of the amplifier drops to what fraction of the mid-band gain?
A.
B.
C.$0.9$
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:At the 3dB points (cutoff frequencies), the voltage gain drops to $0.707$ or of the maximum gain.
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25The rate of fall of gain in the low-frequency region of a single stage RC coupled amplifier is:
A.6 dB/decade
B.20 dB/decade
C.40 dB/decade
D.10 dB/decade
Correct Answer: 20 dB/decade
Explanation:A single RC network (pole) causes a rolloff of 20 dB/decade (or 6 dB/octave).
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26Ideally, a Current-Series feedback amplifier approaches the characteristics of an ideal:
A.Voltage Amplifier
B.Current Amplifier
C.Transconductance Amplifier
D.Transresistance Amplifier
Correct Answer: Transconductance Amplifier
Explanation:High input impedance (Series input) and High output impedance (Current output) are characteristics of a Transconductance amplifier (Input V -> Output I).
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27The phenomenon where the top of a square wave input tilts in the output of an RC coupled amplifier is called 'Sag' or 'Tilt'. This is caused by:
A.Poor high-frequency response
B.Poor low-frequency response
C.Non-linear distortion
D.Miller effect
Correct Answer: Poor low-frequency response
Explanation:The coupling capacitors cannot maintain the constant DC level of the square wave flat top, causing it to decay (tilt) over time, indicative of low-frequency attenuation.
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28What is the unit of for a Voltage-Series feedback amplifier?
A.Ohms
B.Siemens
C.Unitless (Volt/Volt)
D.Amperes
Correct Answer: Unitless (Volt/Volt)
Explanation:The feedback network samples voltage and returns voltage. Thus , which is dimensionless.
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29Ideally, a Voltage-Shunt feedback amplifier approaches the characteristics of an ideal:
A.Voltage Amplifier
B.Current Amplifier
C.Transresistance Amplifier
D.Transconductance Amplifier
Correct Answer: Transresistance Amplifier
Explanation:Low input impedance (Shunt input) and Low output impedance (Voltage/Shunt output) are characteristics of a Transresistance amplifier (Input I -> Output V).
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30Frequency distortion in an amplifier occurs when:
A.The amplifier is non-linear
B.Different frequency components are amplified by different amounts
C.There is a phase shift proportional to frequency
D.Noise is added to the signal
Correct Answer: Different frequency components are amplified by different amounts
Explanation:Frequency distortion (amplitude distortion) happens when the gain is not constant across the frequencies present in the input signal.
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31In the high-frequency region, the gain of an amplifier decreases due to:
A.Coupling capacitors
B.Bypass capacitors
C.Device internal capacitances and stray capacitances
D.Power supply ripple
Correct Answer: Device internal capacitances and stray capacitances
Explanation:Parasitic capacitances () and stray wiring capacitances shunt the signal path at high frequencies.
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32Which of the following defines the Gain-Bandwidth Product ()?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:The Gain-Bandwidth product is the product of the mid-band gain and the upper cutoff frequency (approximating bandwidth as since is usually negligible compared to ).
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33For a Current-Shunt feedback network, the feedback factor relates:
A.Feedback voltage to Output voltage
B.Feedback current to Output current
C.Feedback voltage to Output current
D.Feedback current to Output voltage
Correct Answer: Feedback current to Output current
Explanation:It samples output current and returns a feedback current. .
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34If an amplifier has a bandwidth of 200 kHz and a gain of 100, and negative feedback reduces the gain to 20, what is the new bandwidth?
A.200 kHz
B.1 MHz
C.40 kHz
D.10 MHz
Correct Answer: 1 MHz
Explanation:Gain-Bandwidth Product is constant. . .
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35The phase shift introduced by the internal amplifier circuit in a negative feedback system should ideally be:
A. or
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:For negative feedback, the feedback signal must subtract from the input. If the feedback network is resistive (0 phase), the amplifier must provide shift (inversion) so the total loop shift ensures subtraction.
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36The input impedance of a FET at low frequencies is extremely high because:
A.The gate is reverse biased (JFET) or insulated (MOSFET)
B.The Miller effect is zero
C.It uses current series feedback
D.The drain current is zero
Correct Answer: The gate is reverse biased (JFET) or insulated (MOSFET)
Explanation:This physical property results in negligible gate current at DC and low frequencies.
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37The transition frequency of a transistor is the frequency at which:
A.The current gain drops to unity (1)
B.The voltage gain drops to unity (1)
C.The power gain is maximum
D.The beta value becomes zero
Correct Answer: The current gain drops to unity (1)
Explanation: is the frequency where the short-circuit current gain () becomes 1. It is a figure of merit for high-frequency performance.
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38In a FET amplifier high-frequency analysis, (Input capacitance) is defined as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation: is the common-source short-circuit input capacitance, simply the sum of the gate-source and gate-drain capacitances.
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39Negative feedback reduces noise in an amplifier only if:
A.The noise is generated at the input
B.The noise is generated within the amplifier stages preceded by high gain
C.The feedback factor is 1
D.The amplifier is a vacuum tube
Correct Answer: The noise is generated within the amplifier stages preceded by high gain
Explanation:Feedback reduces internally generated noise (distortion) effectively. However, it cannot improve the Signal-to-Noise ratio if the noise enters at the input along with the signal, as both are attenuated equally.
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40The Voltage-Shunt feedback topology is also known as:
A.Series-Series Feedback
B.Shunt-Series Feedback
C.Shunt-Shunt Feedback
D.Series-Shunt Feedback
Correct Answer: Shunt-Shunt Feedback
Explanation:Voltage sampling is a parallel (shunt) connection at the output. Shunt mixing is a parallel connection at the input. Hence, Shunt-Shunt.
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41Formula for the percent tilt () in a square wave response due to low frequency cutoff and square wave frequency :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:The percentage tilt is approximated by . Since , substitution yields .
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42Which resistor defines the feedback path in a standard inverting Op-Amp circuit (Voltage-Shunt topology)?
A.The resistor connected from Output to Ground
B.The resistor connected from Output to Inverting Input
C.The resistor connected from Output to Non-Inverting Input
D.The input source resistor
Correct Answer: The resistor connected from Output to Inverting Input
Explanation:This resistor () feeds the output voltage back to the input in the form of a current (shunt mixing) at the virtual ground node.
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43In a multistage amplifier, if individual stages have bandwidths and , the overall bandwidth is:
A.Greater than the largest individual bandwidth
B.Equal to the sum of bandwidths
C.Less than the smallest individual bandwidth
D.Equal to the average
Correct Answer: Less than the smallest individual bandwidth
Explanation:Cascading stages narrows the bandwidth. For identical stages, bandwidth reduces by a factor of .
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44A feedback amplifier has an open loop gain . If 10% of the output is fed back negatively, the closed loop gain is approximately:
A.100
B.10
C.9.9
D.1
Correct Answer: 9.9
Explanation:. . .
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45The relationship between Rise Time () and Bandwidth () (upper cutoff frequency) is roughly:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:This is a standard approximation for the step response of a low-pass system: .
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46Why is the gain of an RC coupled amplifier low at very low frequencies?
A.Because reactance of coupling capacitors increases
B.Because reactance of coupling capacitors decreases
C.Because transistor beta decreases
D.Because of Miller effect
Correct Answer: Because reactance of coupling capacitors increases
Explanation:. As frequency decreases, reactance increases, causing more signal voltage to drop across the capacitor rather than the amplifier input.
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47What happens to the input resistance in a Current-Shunt feedback amplifier?
A.Increases
B.Decreases
C.Remains same
D.Becomes infinite
Correct Answer: Decreases
Explanation:Shunt mixing at the input always decreases the input resistance: .
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48Which of the following describes the output connection for Voltage sampling?
A.Feedback network connected in Series with the load
B.Feedback network connected in Parallel with the load
C.Feedback network connected directly to ground
D.Feedback network open circuited
Correct Answer: Feedback network connected in Parallel with the load
Explanation:To sample voltage, you connect in parallel (shunt) to measure the potential difference across the load.
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49A Source Follower (Common Drain) FET amplifier utilizes which type of feedback?
A.Voltage-Series
B.Current-Series
C.Voltage-Shunt
D.Current-Shunt
Correct Answer: Voltage-Series
Explanation:Like the Emitter Follower, the Source Follower samples output voltage at the source and applies it in series opposition to the gate input.
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50If the feedback signal is derived from the output current and mixed in shunt with the input, the topology is:
A.Current-Shunt
B.Current-Series
C.Voltage-Shunt
D.Voltage-Series
Correct Answer: Current-Shunt
Explanation:Output Current sampling (Series connection at output) + Input Shunt mixing = Current-Shunt.
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