1 $The term'Phytopathology' is derived from three Greek words: phyton, pathos, and logos . What is the meaning of phyton ?$

A.

Disease

B.

Plant

C.

Knowledge

D.

Ailment

2 $Who is considered the'Father of Plant Pathology' ?$

A.

Micheli

B.

Anton de Bary

C.

Prevost

D.

Tillet

3 $The Irish Famine of 1845 was caused by which pathogen?$

A.

\textit{Helminthosporium oryzae}

B.

\textit{Phytophthora infestans}

C.

\textit{Hemileia vastatrix}

D.

\textit{Puccinia graminis}

4 $Which scientist is recognized as the'Father of Indian Plant Pathology' ?$

A.

K.C. Mehta

B.

B.B. Mundkur

C.

E.J. Butler

D.

J.F. Dastur

5 $The Bengal Famine of 1943 was associated with which crop disease?$

A.

Blast of Rice

B.

Brown Spot of Rice

C.

Wheat Rust

D.

Red Rot of Sugarcane

6 $Who established the Indian Phytopathological Society (IPS) in 1948?$

A.

M.J. Thirumalachar

B.

B.B. Mundkur

C.

K.C. Mehta

D.

T.S. Sadasivan

7 $Which Indian scientist is famous for his work on the recurrence of Wheat Rusts in the plains of India?$

A.

K.C. Mehta

B.

B.P. Pal

C.

M.O.P. Iyengar

D.

C.V. Subramanian

8 $The book'Fungi and Disease in Plants' was written by:$

A.

J.F. Dastur

B.

G. Rangaswami

C.

E.J. Butler

D.

R.S. Singh

9 $Who discovered the Bordeaux Mixture in 1885 for the control of Downy Mildew of Grapevine?$

A.

P.M.A. Millardet

B.

Prevost

C.

Burrill

D.

E.F. Smith

10 $The first plant disease proved to be caused by a bacterium (Fire blight of pear) was discovered by:$

A.

Anton de Bary

B.

T.J. Burrill

C.

E.F. Smith

D.

W.M. Stanley

11 $A pathogen is defined as:$

A.

Any living organism

B.

An entity, biotic or abiotic, that causes disease

C.

A strict parasite only

D.

A saprophyte

12 $The ability of a pathogen to cause disease is known as:$

A.

Virulence

B.

Pathogenicity

C.

Aggressiveness

D.

Infection

13 $The period of time between the penetration of a pathogen into the host and the appearance of the first symptom is called:$

A.

Infection period

B.

Incubation period

C.

Latent period

D.

Sporulation period

14 $Which of the following represents the Disease Triangle ?$

A.

Pathogen, Environment, Time

B.

Host, Pathogen, Environment

C.

Host, Soil, Rain

D.

Fungi, Bacteria, Virus

15 $If time is added to the Disease Triangle, the model becomes a:$

A.

Disease Square

B.

Disease Pyramid (Tetrahedron)

C.

Disease Circle

D.

Disease Cycle

16 $An organism that lives on or in another organism and derives its nutrition from it is called a:$

A.

Saprophyte

B.

Parasite

C.

Symbiont

D.

Predator

17 $Which type of parasite requires a living host for its growth and reproduction and cannot be cultured on artificial media?$

A.

Facultative Saprophyte

B.

Facultative Parasite

C.

Obligate Parasite

D.

Necrotroph

18 $An organism that is usually a saprophyte but can become a parasite under favorable conditions is called a:$

A.

Facultative Parasite

B.

Facultative Saprophyte

C.

Obligate Parasite

D.

Obligate Saprophyte

19 $Necrotrophs are pathogens that:$

A.

Keep the host cells alive

B.

Kill host cells and derive nutrition from dead tissue

C.

Live in symbiosis

D.

Only attack roots

20 $A visible structure of the pathogen itself appearing on the host surface is called a:$

A.

Symptom

B.

Sign

C.

Lesion

D.

Syndrome

21 $Which of the following is a Sign of disease?$

A.

Wilting of leaves

B.

Yellowing (Chlorosis)

C.

Powdery growth on leaves

D.

Stunting

22 $The collective set of symptoms and signs exhibited by a disease is known as:$

A.

Sign

B.

Syndrome

C.

Inoculum

D.

Etiology

23 $A disease that is constantly present in a moderate to severe form within a specific region (e.g., Wart disease of potato in Darjeeling) is called:$

A.

Epidemic

B.

Endemic

C.

Pandemic

D.

Sporadic

24 $A disease that occurs at very irregular intervals and locations is termed:$

A.

Endemic

B.

Sporadic

C.

Epiphytotic

D.

Pandemic

25 $When a disease spreads over a vast geographical area, involving continents (e.g., Late blight of potato in 1845), it is called:$

A.

Endemic

B.

Sporadic

C.

Pandemic

D.

Local

26 $Diseases caused by non-living environmental factors like temperature or nutrient deficiency are called:$

A.

Infectious diseases

B.

Biotic diseases

C.

Parasitic diseases

D.

Abiotic (Non-infectious) diseases

27 $Which of the following represents a Hypertrophic symptom?$

A.

Stunting

B.

Rotting

C.

Galls or tumors

D.

Chlorosis

28 $Hypoplasia refers to:$

A.

Overdevelopment of tissue

B.

Underdevelopment or stunting of tissue

C.

Death of tissue

D.

Rotting of tissue

29 $Necrosis refers to:$

A.

Yellowing of tissue

B.

Death of tissue

C.

Overgrowth of tissue

D.

Wilting of tissue

30 $The collapse of seedling stems at the soil line followed by toppling over is a symptom known as:$

A.

Die-back

B.

Damping off

C.

Canker

D.

Scab

31 $A symptom characterized by the complete loss of turgidity and drooping of leaves due to vascular blockage is:$

A.

Wilt

B.

Rot

C.

Blight

D.

Mildew

32 $Who postulated the'Germ Theory of Disease' (specifically Koch's Postulates) adapted for plants?$

A.

Louis Pasteur

B.

Robert Koch

C.

Anton de Bary

D.

Needham

33 $Which of the following is an example of a Mesobiotic agent?$

A.

Fungi

B.

Bacteria

C.

Virus

D.

Nematode

34 $'Coffee Rust' in Sri Lanka (1867) forced the island to switch from coffee to tea. The pathogen was:$

A.

\textit{Hemileia vastatrix}

B.

\textit{Puccinia graminis}

C.

\textit{Phakopsora pachyrhizi}

D.

\textit{Uromyces appendiculatus}

35 $Which Indian scientist is known for his contribution to embryo culture and studying the physiology of fungi (vivotoxin concept)?$

A.

T.S. Sadasivan

B.

M.J. Thirumalachar

C.

K.C. Mehta

D.

B.B. Mundkur

36 $The rapid death of leaves, flowers, or stems is called:$

A.

Spot

B.

Shot hole

C.

Blight

D.

Canker

37 $Chlorosis is a symptom defined as:$

A.

Reddening of tissue

B.

Death of tissue

C.

Loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing

D.

Thickening of leaves

38 $Who discovered Streptomycin, an antibiotic used against bacterial plant pathogens?$

A.

Alexander Fleming

B.

Selman Waksman

C.

Robert Koch

D.

Louis Pasteur

39 $The'Gene-for-Gene' hypothesis was proposed by:$

A.

H.H. Flor

B.

J.E. Van der Plank

C.

N.E. Borlaug

D.

E.C. Stakman

40 $A polycyclic disease is one that:$

A.

Has only one infection cycle per crop season

B.

Has multiple infection cycles (secondary cycles) in one crop season

C.

Affects multiple crops

D.

Is caused by multiple pathogens

41 $Which of the following is a prokaryotic plant pathogen lacking a cell wall?$

A.

Bacterium

B.

Phytoplasma (Mollicutes)

C.

Virus

D.

Fungus

42 $Virods differ from viruses because viroids:$

A.

Have a protein coat

B.

Are larger than viruses

C.

Consist only of naked, low molecular weight RNA

D.

Affect animals only

43 $The term'Inoculum' refers to:$

A.

The infected plant

B.

The part of the pathogen that can cause infection

C.

The soil

D.

The fungicide applied

44 $The conversion of a saprophyte into a parasite due to external pressure is sometimes referred to as:$

A.

Predisposition

B.

Adaptation

C.

Accidental parasitism

D.

Mutation

45 $Who wrote the book'Plant Pathology' (a standard textbook widely used in India/Global)?$

A.

G.N. Agrios

B.

E.J. Butler

C.

J.G. Horsfall

D.

S.D. Garrett

46 $The first plant parasitic nematode (Wheat seed gall) was reported by:$

A.

Needham

B.

Cobb

C.

Berkeley

D.

Kuhn

47 $The dead area in the center of a spot falling away, leaving a hole, is called:$

A.

Canker

B.

Shot hole

C.

Scab

D.

Ring spot

48 $Exclusion, Eradication, Protection, and Resistance are the four fundamental principles of:$

A.

Plant Breeding

B.

Plant Disease Management

C.

Plant Physiology

D.

Soil Science

49 $A distinct, sunken, necrotic lesion on a stem, branch, or twig is called a:$

A.

Canker

B.

Gall

C.

Scab

D.

Pustule

50 $The phenomenon where a host cell dies rapidly to prevent the spread of an obligate parasite is called:$

A.

Hyperplasia

B.

Hypersensitivity

C.

Tolerance

D.

Escape

Unit 1 - Practice Quiz