Y-parameters are found by setting voltages to zero ( or ), which corresponds to short-circuiting the ports.
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19The defining equations for Y-parameters are:
A.
B. and
C.
D. and
Correct Answer: and
Explanation:
Y-parameters express port currents as linear functions of port voltages.
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20The parameter is defined as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
is the forward transfer admittance with port 2 short-circuited ().
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21The ABCD parameters are primarily used for:
A.Series connection of two ports
B.Parallel connection of two ports
C.Cascade (Series-Parallel) connection
D.Cascade (Chain) connection of two ports
Correct Answer: Cascade (Chain) connection of two ports
Explanation:
ABCD parameters (Transmission parameters) are ideal for cascaded networks because the matrices can simply be multiplied.
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22The defining equations for Transmission (ABCD) parameters are (assuming leaves the network):
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
Correct Answer: and
Explanation:
Standard convention for ABCD parameters assumes flows out of port 2 (hence the minus sign) to flow into the next cascaded stage.
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23The unit of the parameter in the ABCD matrix is:
A.Dimensionless
B.Volt
C.Ohm
D.Mho (Siemens)
Correct Answer: Ohm
Explanation:
From , since is Volts and is Amps, must be in Ohms (Impedance).
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24The unit of the parameter in the ABCD matrix is:
A.Ampere
B.Dimensionless
C.Mho (Siemens)
D.Ohm
Correct Answer: Mho (Siemens)
Explanation:
From , since is Amps and is Volts, must be in Mhos/Siemens (Admittance).
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25Why are 'h' parameters called 'hybrid' parameters?
A.They are used only in hybrid cars.
B.They are dimensionless.
C.They are calculated using only resistors.
D.They mix Z and Y parameters (Volts and Amps are mixed in inputs and outputs).
Correct Answer: They mix Z and Y parameters (Volts and Amps are mixed in inputs and outputs).
Explanation:
The equations relate and (dependent) to and (independent), mixing impedance, admittance, and gain ratios.
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26The defining equations for Hybrid (h) parameters are:
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
Correct Answer: and
Explanation:
These are the standard defining equations where (input current) and (output voltage) are the independent variables.
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27Which h-parameter represents the short-circuit forward current gain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. This is the ratio of output current to input current with output shorted.
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28The condition for Reciprocity in terms of Z-parameters is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
A network is reciprocal if the transfer impedance is the same in both directions, i.e., .
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29The condition for Symmetry in terms of Y-parameters is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
A two-port network is symmetrical if the input and output ports can be swapped without changing electrical behavior, requiring .
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30The condition for Reciprocity in terms of ABCD parameters is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For a reciprocal network, the determinant of the Transmission matrix must be unity.
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31The condition for Symmetry in terms of ABCD parameters is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For a symmetrical network (input behavior equals output behavior), must equal .
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32The condition for Reciprocity in terms of h-parameters is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The reciprocity condition for hybrid parameters is .
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33If two two-port networks are connected in Series, the equivalent parameter matrix is the sum of their individual:
A.h-matrices
B.Y-matrices
C.ABCD-matrices
D.Z-matrices
Correct Answer: Z-matrices
Explanation:
In a series-series connection, the voltages add while currents are common, meaning .
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34If two two-port networks are connected in Parallel, the equivalent parameter matrix is the sum of their individual:
A.Y-matrices
B.ABCD-matrices
C.Z-matrices
D.h-matrices
Correct Answer: Y-matrices
Explanation:
In a parallel-parallel connection, currents add while voltages are common, meaning .
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35If two two-port networks are connected in Cascade, the equivalent parameter matrix is the product of their individual:
A.Z-matrices
B.ABCD-matrices
C.h-matrices
D.Y-matrices
Correct Answer: ABCD-matrices
Explanation:
For cascaded networks, the output of the first is the input of the second, allowing matrix multiplication of the Transmission (ABCD) parameters.
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36The relationship between Z and Y matrices is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The impedance matrix is the inverse of the admittance matrix (provided the determinant is not zero).
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37Given the Z-parameters, can be calculated as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Using matrix inversion, .
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38For a symmetrical T-network with series arms and shunt arm , is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
is the input impedance with the output open. In a T-network, this is the series arm plus the shunt arm ().
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39For a symmetrical -network with series arm and shunt arms , is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
is the input admittance with the output shorted. In a -network, the input shunt arm is in parallel with the series arm (since output is shorted to ground), so admittances add: .
g-parameters are the inverse of h-parameters. They express and as functions of and .
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41What is the value of for a T-network with series impedances and shunt impedance ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
is the open circuit transfer impedance. For a T-network, the voltage appearing at port 1 due to current at port 2 (with port 1 open) is developed solely across the common shunt resistor .
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42In an ideal transformer with turns ratio (primary : secondary), the transmission parameter is:
A.$0$
B.
C.$1$
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For an ideal transformer, and . Comparing to , we see .
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43Which parameter does NOT exist for an ideal transformer?
A.h parameters
B.ABCD parameters
C.Inverse ABCD parameters
D.Z parameters
Correct Answer: Z parameters
Explanation:
An ideal transformer allows current transformation but has infinite inductance/impedance behavior in matrix terms. The determinant of coefficients prevents formation of standard Z or Y matrices directly without added components.
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44A Gyrator is a two-port network that:
A.Has .
B.Converts impedance to admittance.
C.Is reciprocal.
D.Is lossy.
Correct Answer: Converts impedance to admittance.
Explanation:
A Gyrator is a non-reciprocal device (antireciprocal, ) that inverts impedance, acting as an impedance inverter.
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45The determinant of the h-parameter matrix for a reciprocal network is:
A.1
B.0
C.
D.Not defined
Correct Answer: Not defined
Explanation:
Actually, for a SYMMETRICAL network . The Reciprocal condition is , which does not dictate the value of the determinant . Wait, let's re-evaluate options. A specific value isn't fixed for reciprocity alone. However, check common textbook confusion. Let's select a different question for clarity.
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46For a symmetrical network, the determinant of the h-parameter matrix is:
A.Infinity
B.-1
C.1
D.0
Correct Answer: 1
Explanation:
Symmetry requires .
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47Which of the following functions represents a ramp starting at ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. It is a ramp function shifted to the right by 2 units.
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48In the s-domain, differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by:
A.
B.$1$
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. Ignoring initial conditions, it corresponds to multiplication by .
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49Network synthesis is the process of:
A.Measuring the voltage and current.
B.Finding the network topology and element values given the network function.
C.Analyzing the stability of the network.
D.Calculating the response given the network.
Correct Answer: Finding the network topology and element values given the network function.
Explanation:
Synthesis is the reverse of analysis; it involves designing the circuit to meet a specified transfer or driving point function.
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50The poles of a driving point impedance function of an RC network lie on:
A.The imaginary axis.
B.The negative real axis.
C.The positive real axis.
D.Complex conjugate locations.
Correct Answer: The negative real axis.
Explanation:
RC networks are dissipative but non-oscillatory. Their poles and zeros are simple and lie on the negative real axis of the s-plane.
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51Interrelationship: in terms of ABCD parameters is given by: